IT201900011970A1 - Apparatus for the inertization of ashes and dangerous dust by means of the sintering technique - Google Patents
Apparatus for the inertization of ashes and dangerous dust by means of the sintering technique Download PDFInfo
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- IT201900011970A1 IT201900011970A1 IT102019000011970A IT201900011970A IT201900011970A1 IT 201900011970 A1 IT201900011970 A1 IT 201900011970A1 IT 102019000011970 A IT102019000011970 A IT 102019000011970A IT 201900011970 A IT201900011970 A IT 201900011970A IT 201900011970 A1 IT201900011970 A1 IT 201900011970A1
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- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- dangerous
- ashes
- dust
- fact
- per
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010852 non-hazardous waste Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002906 medical waste Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 copper and tin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052909 inorganic silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052645 tectosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2700/00—Ash removal, handling and treatment means; Ash and slag handling in pulverulent fuel furnaces; Ash removal means for incinerators
- F23J2700/001—Ash removal, handling and treatment means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
- F23J2900/01007—Thermal treatments of ash, e.g. temper or shock-cooling for granulation
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
Description
DESCRIZIONE DEL BREVETTO PER INVENZIONE AVENTE TITOLO: Apparato per l’inertizzazione delle ceneri e polveri pericolose mediante tecnica di sinterizzazione DESCRIPTION OF THE PATENT FOR INVENTION HAVING TITLE: Apparatus for the inertization of ashes and dangerous dust by means of sintering technique
TESTO DELLA DESCRIZIONE TEXT OF THE DESCRIPTION
Campo di applicazione Field of application
Il presente brevetto per invenzione si riferisce ad un apparato per l’inertìzzazione di ceneri e polveri pericolose provenienti da processi di incenerimento o pirolisi di rifiuti urbani, rifiuti industriali, rifiuti ospedalieri e simili. This invention patent refers to an apparatus for the inertia of ashes and dangerous dust from the incineration or pyrolysis processes of urban waste, industrial waste, hospital waste and the like.
Stato dell'arte State of the art
Per polveri pericolose si intendono prevalentemente le polveri prodotte in impianti industriali come acciaierie e fonderie, che utilizzano sistemi di abbattimento delle polveri per poter emettere in atmosfera fumi con limitati contenuti inquinanti, come previsto dalle vigenti norme legislative. Altre tipologie di polveri pericolose sono ad esempio le polveri ottenute macinando l’amianto. In sostanza le polveri pericolose comprendono tutte le tipologie di ceneri e polveri che per le loro caratteristiche (eccessivo contenuto di metalli pesanti) non possono essere conferite in discariche di "Rifiuti non pericolosi”, in quanto possono arrecare danno all’ambiente, ma in “Discariche per rifiuti pericolosi”. By dangerous dusts we mainly mean dusts produced in industrial plants such as steel mills and foundries, which use dust abatement systems to be able to emit fumes with limited polluting contents into the atmosphere, as required by current legislation. Other types of dangerous powders are for example the powders obtained by grinding asbestos. In essence, hazardous dusts include all types of ash and dusts which, due to their characteristics (excessive heavy metal content), cannot be disposed of in "Non-hazardous waste" landfills, as they can cause damage to the environment, but in " Landfills for hazardous waste ".
Le ceneri prodotte negli impianti di incenerimento dei rifiuti vengono di norma, come detto, conferiti in “Discariche per prodotti pericolosi”, ma esistono anche impianti di incenerimento che provvedono all’inertizzazìone delle ceneri mediante un processo di vetrificazione. Questo processo consiste nell’aggiungere determinate quantità di silicati nella parte dellimpianto a valle della formazione delle “Ceneri” e riscaldare poi questa miscela ad alte temperature (1500/1600°C), per successivamente rilasciarla in acqua per un rapido raffreddamento. Questo processo produce una frammentazione della colata che si solidifica in scaglie di varie forme irregolari; in sostanza la massa silicea si trasforma in vetro fuso, che ingloba le ceneri. I limiti di un tale sistema sono i seguenti: The ashes produced in the waste incineration plants are usually, as mentioned, delivered to "Dumps for dangerous products", but there are also incineration plants that provide for the inertization of the ashes through a vitrification process. This process consists in adding certain quantities of silicates in the part of the plant downstream of the formation of "Ashes" and then heating this mixture to high temperatures (1500/1600 ° C), and then releasing it into water for rapid cooling. This process produces a fragmentation of the casting which solidifies into flakes of various irregular shapes; in essence, the siliceous mass is transformed into molten glass, which incorporates the ashes. The limitations of such a system are as follows:
• alti costi di processo; • high process costs;
• necessità di operare ad alte temperature, con la conseguente formazione nei fumi di diossine (altamente pericolose, se respirate, per l’uomo); • need to operate at high temperatures, with the consequent formation of dioxins in the fumes (highly dangerous, if breathed, for humans);
• non vi è una completa rispondenza dei prodotti vetrificati alle normative relative ai materiali inerti • there is no complete compliance of vitrified products with the regulations relating to inert materials
In particolare il fatto di non rispondere pienamente alle caratteristiche dei materiali inerti, fa sì che i rifiuti così trattati debbano essere smaltiti come “Rifiuti pericolosi”, ossia tra quelle sostanze che contengono metalli quali cromo, molibdeno, rame, piombo, ecc., in una misura tale da essere appunto considerati “pericolose” se conferite in discariche per rifiuti non pericolosi; in tal senso esiste infatti la possibilità che i dilavamenti meteorici possano portare i metalli nei fiumi e nelle falde acquifere, inquinandole fortemente, sia quelle destinate ad uso umano, sia quelle usate in agricoltura. In particular, the fact that it does not fully respond to the characteristics of inert materials means that the waste thus treated must be disposed of as "Hazardous waste", ie among those substances that contain metals such as chromium, molybdenum, copper, lead, etc., in a measure such as to be considered "dangerous" if delivered to landfills for non-hazardous waste; in this sense there is in fact the possibility that meteoric washouts can bring metals into rivers and aquifers, heavily polluting them, both those destined for human use and those used in agriculture.
Vi è quindi la necessità di realizzare un apparato, e sarà questo lo scopo principale del presente brevetto per invenzione, che sia in grado di inertizzare le polveri / ceneri pericolose in modo semplice, sicuro ed efficace e con costi contenuti, in modo da rendere economicamente vantaggiosa detta soluzione. There is therefore the need to realize an apparatus, and this will be the main purpose of the present invention patent, which is able to inert the dangerous dust / ashes in a simple, safe and effective way and with low costs, in order to make economically advantageous said solution.
Sommario Summary
La "Sinterizzazione" è un termine utilizzato in siderurgia ed è relativo alla produzione di manufatti metallici partendo da polveri che vengono pressate ad altissima pressione e successivamente cotte in forni. "Sintering" is a term used in the steel industry and refers to the production of metal products starting from powders that are pressed at very high pressure and subsequently fired in ovens.
I sinterizzati più conosciuti sono il “Carburo di Tungusteno”, le “Bronzine”, che sono ottenute da un miscuglio di metalli tra i quali rame e stagno, le “Ferriti”, che sono ottenute da polveri prevalentemente ferriche, ecc. The best known sinters are "Tungustene Carbide", the "Bronzine", which are obtained from a mixture of metals including copper and tin, the "Ferrites", which are obtained from mainly ferric powders, etc.
Il termine “Sinterizzazione” utilizzato nel presente brevetto per l’inertizzazione delle ceneri e delle polveri viene quindi mutuato dalla siderurgia delle polveri metalliche, poiché usa gli stessi principi fisici: alte pressioni e cottura in forno, tuttavia ha una differenziazione sostanziale che consiste nell’addizionare, prima di tutta l’operazione di sinterizzazione, le polveri con particolari miscele di sostanze inerti, ovvero “silicati” (i silicati sono la classe di minerali caratterizzati dalla presenza del gruppo tetraedrico (SiO4)<-4>. Il nome silicati fu adottato per la prima volta dal chimico svedese Jóns Jacob Berzelius ) e “Feldspati” (i feldspati sono un gruppo di minerali molto comuni classificati come tectosilicati; costituiscono circa il 41% della massa della crosta continentale ma si possono trovare anche in gabbro e basalto, costituenti principali della crosta oceanica; sono inoltre presenti in rocce magmatiche intrusive ed effusive, in molti tipi di rocce metamorfiche e sedimentarie e nelle vene idrotermali); se infatti le polveri subissero il solo processo di sinterizzazione del tipo di quello previsto dalla siderurgia delle polveri metalliche, non si riuscirebbe a produrre manufatti con consistenza meccanica, ma rimarrebbero sempre polveri. L'innovazione tecnica introdotta consiste dunque nell’aver messo a punto una miscela di polveri e materiali inerti, che una volta pressati ad alte pressioni e cotti in forno assumono una buona consistenza meccanica allo schiacciamento, dell’ordine di 740 kg/cm, che equivale a circa 2,3 volte la resistenza allo schiacciamento del “Cemento 325”. Altra fondamentale caratteristica è che questo “Composto” diventa un "inerte”; in tal senso test e prove di laboratorio effettuati dimostrano chiaramente che nessun elemento presente nei composti viene rilasciato in misura superiore ai limiti stabiliti dalla norma, anzi in molti casi il rilascio è inferiore al limite di uno o due ordini di grandezza. I “Composti” prodotti possono avere le più svariate forme e dimensioni, ma sono preferibilmente simili a sassolini, questo per un ipotetico impiego come sottofondi stradali mescolati con ghiaione o altri utilizzi in manufatti cementizi, ad esempio cordoli lungo le strade, muretti in cemento e manufatti vari in cemento ad uso ornamentale. The term "Sintering" used in this patent for the inertization of ashes and powders is therefore borrowed from the steel industry of metal powders, since it uses the same physical principles: high pressures and baking, however it has a substantial differentiation which consists in add, before the whole sintering operation, the powders with particular mixtures of inert substances, or "silicates" (silicates are the class of minerals characterized by the presence of the tetrahedral group (SiO4) <-4>. The name silicates was first adopted by the Swedish chemist Jóns Jacob Berzelius) and "Feldspars" (feldspars are a very common group of minerals classified as tectosilicates; they make up about 41% of the mass of the continental crust but can also be found in gabbro and basalt, main constituents of the oceanic crust; they are also present in intrusive and effusive igneous rocks, in many types of metamorphic rocks he and sedimentary and hydrothermal veins); in fact, if the powders underwent only the sintering process of the type envisaged by the steel industry of metal powders, it would not be possible to produce manufactured articles with mechanical consistency, but they would always remain powders. The technical innovation introduced therefore consists in having developed a mixture of powders and inert materials, which once pressed at high pressures and baked in the oven take on a good mechanical consistency upon crushing, of the order of 740 kg / cm, which it is equivalent to about 2.3 times the crushing resistance of “Cemento 325”. Another fundamental characteristic is that this "Compound" becomes an "inert"; in this sense, tests and laboratory tests carried out clearly demonstrate that no element present in the compounds is released in excess of the limits established by the standard, indeed in many cases the release is less than the limit of one or two orders of magnitude. The "Compounds" produced can have the most varied shapes and sizes, but are preferably similar to pebbles, this for a hypothetical use as road foundations mixed with scree or other uses in cementitious products, for example, curbs along the roads, concrete walls and various concrete artefacts for ornamental use.
Descrizione dei disegni Description of the drawings
• Fig.1 rappresenta l'apparato di inertizzazione delle polveri oggetto del presente brevetto per invenzione, con evidenziati gli stadi di lavorazione • Fig.1 represents the inertization apparatus of the powders object of this invention patent, with the processing stages highlighted
Descrizione dettagliata Detailed description
Con riferimento a Fig.1 l’apparato oggetto del presente brevetto per invenzione consta sostanzialmente di tre stadi (o “stazioni"): With reference to Fig.1, the apparatus object of this invention patent basically consists of three stages (or "stations"):
• Stazione di miscelazione (A); • Mixing station (A);
• Stazione di pressatura (B); • Pressing station (B);
• Stazione di cottura (C). • Cooking station (C).
Si descrivono di seguito le tre stazioni: The three stations are described below:
Stazione di miscelazione (A): le polveri / ceneri da trattare sono contenute all'interno di un serbatoio (1) e miscelate, in un opportuno miscelatore (3), con degli additivi contenuti in un serbatoio (2), allo scopo di formare, all’uscita della stazione (A), un miscuglio polveri additivi (4) dotato di una certa consistenza meccanica; Mixing station (A): the powders / ashes to be treated are contained inside a tank (1) and mixed, in a suitable mixer (3), with additives contained in a tank (2), in order to form , at the exit of the station (A), a mixture of additive powders (4) having a certain mechanical consistency;
Stazione di pressatura (B); il miscuglio (4) viene convogliato, tramite un opportuno nastro trasportatore (N) e lungo la direzione indicata dalla freccia (F1), alla successiva stazione di pressatura (B), nella quale viene pressato fino ad ottenere una forma solida, simile a quella di un pellet (6), che viene convogliato, sempre tramite il nastro trasportatore (N) e lungo la direzione indicata dalla freccia (F2), alla successiva stazione di cottura; Pressing station (B); the mixture (4) is conveyed, by means of a suitable conveyor belt (N) and along the direction indicated by the arrow (F1), to the next pressing station (B), where it is pressed until a solid shape is obtained, similar to that a pellet (6), which is conveyed, again via the conveyor belt (N) and along the direction indicated by the arrow (F2), to the next cooking station;
Stazione di cottura (B): poiché il pellet (6) è di forma solida ma ancora inconsistente a livello meccanico (è sufficiente la semplice pressione di un dito per ridurlo in polvere), viene convogliato in un forno di cottura (7), ottenendo un prodotto finale (8) solido inerte e con buone caratteristiche di resistenza meccanica, che può essere conferito in discariche per rifiuti non pericolosi. Cooking station (B): since the pellet (6) is solid in shape but still mechanically inconsistent (the simple pressure of a finger is enough to reduce it to powder), it is conveyed into a cooking oven (7), obtaining a solid, inert final product (8) with good mechanical resistance characteristics, which can be delivered to landfills for non-hazardous waste.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT102019000011970A IT201900011970A1 (en) | 2019-08-09 | 2019-08-09 | Apparatus for the inertization of ashes and dangerous dust by means of the sintering technique |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT102019000011970A IT201900011970A1 (en) | 2019-08-09 | 2019-08-09 | Apparatus for the inertization of ashes and dangerous dust by means of the sintering technique |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IT201900011970A1 true IT201900011970A1 (en) | 2021-02-09 |
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ID=69173108
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT102019000011970A IT201900011970A1 (en) | 2019-08-09 | 2019-08-09 | Apparatus for the inertization of ashes and dangerous dust by means of the sintering technique |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| IT (1) | IT201900011970A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT410288B (en) * | 2001-07-23 | 2003-03-25 | Ash Dec Umwelttechnologien Ges | METHOD FOR DECONTAMINATING AND INERTIZING FILTER AND FLIGHT BAGS |
| EP1918031A1 (en) * | 2006-10-30 | 2008-05-07 | ASH DEC Umwelt AG | Method of detoxification and utilization of fly ash |
| EP2650057A1 (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2013-10-16 | Andritz Energy & Environment GmbH | Method for the inertisation of heavy metals, chlorides and other salt-forming compounds and soluble solids and metallic contaminations |
| CN106524183A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-03-22 | 重庆文渠环保科技有限公司 | Method for achieving harmless disposal of garbage fly ash by means of rotary kiln technology |
-
2019
- 2019-08-09 IT IT102019000011970A patent/IT201900011970A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT410288B (en) * | 2001-07-23 | 2003-03-25 | Ash Dec Umwelttechnologien Ges | METHOD FOR DECONTAMINATING AND INERTIZING FILTER AND FLIGHT BAGS |
| EP1918031A1 (en) * | 2006-10-30 | 2008-05-07 | ASH DEC Umwelt AG | Method of detoxification and utilization of fly ash |
| EP2650057A1 (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2013-10-16 | Andritz Energy & Environment GmbH | Method for the inertisation of heavy metals, chlorides and other salt-forming compounds and soluble solids and metallic contaminations |
| CN106524183A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-03-22 | 重庆文渠环保科技有限公司 | Method for achieving harmless disposal of garbage fly ash by means of rotary kiln technology |
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