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HK43890A - Granular hardenable grout based on mineral products, and process for consolidating and/or watertightening granular soils and thinly cracked soils using this grout - Google Patents

Granular hardenable grout based on mineral products, and process for consolidating and/or watertightening granular soils and thinly cracked soils using this grout Download PDF

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Publication number
HK43890A
HK43890A HK438/90A HK43890A HK43890A HK 43890 A HK43890 A HK 43890A HK 438/90 A HK438/90 A HK 438/90A HK 43890 A HK43890 A HK 43890A HK 43890 A HK43890 A HK 43890A
Authority
HK
Hong Kong
Prior art keywords
grout
granular
soils
surface area
silica
Prior art date
Application number
HK438/90A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michel Auguste Georges Gandais
Francis Marcel Louis Delmas
Yves Marie Francois R. Lacour
Original Assignee
Sondages Injections Forages "S.I.F." Entreprise Bachy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sondages Injections Forages "S.I.F." Entreprise Bachy filed Critical Sondages Injections Forages "S.I.F." Entreprise Bachy
Publication of HK43890A publication Critical patent/HK43890A/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
    • C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/10—Lime cements or magnesium oxide cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/18—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mixtures of the silica-lime type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
    • C09K17/06—Calcium compounds, e.g. lime
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
    • C04B2111/00137—Injection moldable mixtures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00732—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for soil stabilisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/70—Grouts, e.g. injection mixtures for cables for prestressed concrete
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)

Abstract

1. An injectable, curable, aqueous granular grout, characterized in that it comprises, as essential ingredients, (a) fine particles of amorphous silica, commonly called fumed silica, having a surface area of at least 5 m**2 /g, and (b) fine particles of slaked lime having a Blaine surface area of at least 8,000 cm**2 /g and a content of calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 higher than 90%.

Description

The invention relates to a mineral-based hardened granular grout and a process for the consolidation and/or sealing of fine granular and finely cracked soils using this grout.
Injection soil treatment consists of filling intergranular voids in granular terrain or cracks in cracked terrain with various types of grooves intended to alter the characteristics of the treated terrain.
The modifications generally involve an improvement in the mechanical properties of the soil in the case of a consolidation treatment or a decrease in permeability in the case of a sealing treatment.
For technical, historical and economic reasons, the most important voids in a treatment area are filled with grooves consisting of a granular suspension in water of materials with hydraulic binding properties, possibly combined with colloidal materials and/or materials primarily intended to increase the amount of solid matter in the groove.
For example, materials with hydraulic binding properties include: - hydraulic cement such as Portland cement without or with secondary constituents,- cement based on blast furnace milk powder,- aluminium cement.
The most commonly used colloidal materials are: - natural clays and in particular those containing montmorillonite, commonly known as bentonite.
The following materials are used to increase the amount of solids in the grooves and are frequently used in injections: - sands,- fly ash from coal-fired thermal power stations,- loads from quarrying which may be limestone and/or silica,- various natural materials such as volcanic ash, volcanic tuff, etc.
A number of criteria can be used to quantify the fineness of a granular material, including its specific surface area (B.E.T. or Blaine). As an indication, cement commonly used for ground injection has a specific surface area generally between 2500 cm2/g and 4500 cm2/g. Some cement specially treated for high fineness, however, may have a specific surface area slightly in excess of 5000 cm2/g. Fly ash has a specific surface area generally between 2500 and 4500 cm2/g.
The slurries formed from the above materials, the suspension of which is often stabilized by the addition of small amounts of clay colloids, are frequently used for the injection treatment of alluvial soils. They allow the impregnation of granular soils containing gravel and sands with a water permeability coefficient, which is considered to be a characteristic of the distribution and size of voids, of at least 5 x 10-4 m/s to 1 x 10-3 m/s, depending on the type of slurry. These slurries, having a hydraulic binding character, are used for consolidation and/or sealing treatments.
The soil of finer granularity and with a water permeability coefficient of less than 5 x 10-4 m/s can be penetrated by deposits with only clay grains, such as deposits of deflowered bentonite.
The purpose of the invention is to provide a new injectable hardened granular grout useful for the consolidation and/or sealing of soil with a lower water permeability coefficient than soil that can be treated by the currently known grouts.
The following features are present in the background of the invention: - the granular components are much finer than the materials commonly used for the preparation of the grout,- each of them taken individually does not have the character of a hydraulic binder,- their incorporation into the same grout gives rise to a pozzolanic combination reaction which produces the seizure and hardening of the grout,- each of the components is mineral,- if desired, the grout can be hardened more rapidly by means of an activator which is also mineral.
In particular, the invention relates to a granular, injectable curable aqueous slurry, characterized by the fact that it includes as essential ingredients (a) fine particles of amorphous silica, commonly called silica fumes, having a specific surface area of at least 5 m2/g, and (b) fine particles of extinguished lime having a specific Blaine surface area of at least 8000 cm2/g.
The invention also relates to a process for the consolidation and/or sealing of fine granular soils and finely cracked soils by injection into such soils of a curable granular aqueous slurry characterised by the fact that the slurry is a slurry according to the invention.
The constituent (a) is an industrial material commonly referred to as silica fume. This material is a by-product of the silicon and ferro-silicon industry and is characterized by a very small particle size (less than 0.2 μm on average) and a high content of amorphous silica. The usual values of the chemical composition are in the following ranges (these include the fact that silica fume can come from the manufacture of silicon alone or ferro-silicon of different silicon contents):
The particle fineness is conveniently characterised by their specific surface area which must be greater than 5 m2/g, preferably greater than 10 mZ/g. Commercially available silica fumes with a specific surface area of 18 to 22 m2/g have proved particularly suitable but silica with a higher specific surface area could also be used.
The constituent (b) is lime lime, characterized by a calcium hydroxide content of Ca (OH) 2 greater than 90%. This material can be obtained with a very fine grain size and a Blaine specific surface area greater than 8000 cm2/g. By applying appropriate treatments either during or after the manufacture of lime, it is possible to obtain materials of higher fineness which will be used advantageously. These treatments make it possible to easily obtain Blaine fineness lime of 20 000 cm2/g or more.
Possible dosages cover a wide range of solids concentrations and range from extremely fluid slurry which may contain less than 100 kg of solids per cubic metre of slurry, preferably for the injection of fine granular or finely cracked slurry, to thick slurry which can contain up to about 350 kg of solids per m3 of slurry.
The ratio of lime to silica by weight may vary, for example, from 0.2 to 5 and preferably from 0.2 to 2. The optimum ratio can be easily determined, depending on the particular ingredients used and the desired result, on test samples.
Although the use of an activator is not necessary to develop the curing reaction of the silica-lime combination, it may be desirable to use an activator to accelerate the curing of the grout in case one wishes to shorten the loading time of the injected terrain. As an activator one can use a basic material, such as sodium hydroxide NaOH (preferred), soda silicates of various weight ratios, sodium carbonate, potash, etc. These activators can be used alone or as a mixture.
If desired, an optional high-fineness load of at least 8000 cm2/g Blaine specific surface area can be incorporated into the groove of the invention, which may be inert or exhibit some intrinsic reactivity due to its high cleavage state. This intrinsic reactivity can be used to influence the take-up time, the evolution of resistance over time and the groove economy.
The coulis are prepared, in the conventional way, in a mixer where water is mixed, the silica smoke which may be in dry powder form or already in the form of a concentrated suspension in water, lime and the activator (s) if any.
The resulting grooves are similar to conventional cement grooves and can be measured by conventional measures of viscosity, settling, drainage, density, sealing time, change in mechanical resistance over time, etc.
The process can be carried out with the same type of material as is commonly used for the injection of granular suspension.
This new type of coating, due to the high fineness of the grains making up the suspension, is of great interest for the injection treatment of granular or cracked terrain: it enables sealing but especially consolidation treatments to be carried out in fine granular terrain which cannot be impregnated with conventional cement-based consolidation coatings, fly ash, etc.
This type of slurry allows the lower permeability limit of unproofed granular terrain, typically up to about 10-5 m/s, to be lowered and this may be of interest to a very large proportion, if not total, of alluvial terrain which has not been treated with known slurries up to now.
In summary, this new type of backing has the following features and advantages: - it is composed of a suspension in water of silica smoke and lime extinguished in certain proportions. It contains neither Portland cement nor milk cement nor bentonite as most conventional slag, - taken individually, the silica smoke and the lime extinguished are not hydraulic binders. The applicant found, surprisingly, that their combination within the slag leads to a phenomenon of site hardening and sealing. - in the process of consolidation and/or sealing, it can impregnate granular or finely cracked soils which cannot be traced, - in conventional slag where hardening, if composed, can be accelerated by the incorporation of deposition or the absence of any such constraints, - all the materials present a great environmental interest and the absence of any such protection.
The following non-limiting examples are given to further illustrate the present invention.
In a commercial blender, moulds measuring 175 and 225 kg of solids per m3 of mould were prepared by varying the ratio of lime to silica by weight from 0.2 to 5 by adding an activator, consisting of 5% by weight of NaOH in relation to the weight of lime used, to some of the moulds.
The silica smoke used was silica type 100 from Elkem A/S, Oslo, Norway. This silica, with a specific surface area of 18 to 22 m2/g, had the following chemical analysis by weight: 94-98% SiOz, 0.02-0.15% Fe203, 0.1-0.4% A1203, 0.08-03, % CaO, 0.2-0.9% MgO, 0.1-0.4% Na20, 0.2-0.7% K20 and 0.1-0.3% S.
The extinguished lime used was extinguished aerial lime, commonly known as lime flour, from Etablissements Bonargent-Goyon, 36800 Saint-Gaultier, France.
This lime had the following chemical analysis by weight: 93.6% Ca (OH) 2, 3.6% CaC03, 1.6% C02, 0.3% Si02, 0.13% A1203, 0.10% Fe203 and 0.28% MgO. Its Blaine specific surface area was approximately 10 000 cm2/g.
The results obtained were reported in the form of curves on the single figure which is a graph showing the compressive strength in bars, according to the ratio of lime to silica for the various grooves tested. These curves show that the optimum ratio of lime to silica is about 0.5, that the compressive strength increases with the solid content of the groove and with the curing time.
Finally, it should be noted that the grout of the invention may also be used as a filling material for sealing cuts made in the soil, which may be made in the form of a trench made by a tool which extracts soil and is replaced by grout or in the form of a succession of imprints left by a dark tool in the soil which are filled with grout when the tool is extracted.
The special interest of this coating lies in the fact that it does not contain any clay materials and can therefore be used in particular in cases where the liquid, which tends to leak through the seal, is aggressive towards clay materials.

Claims (10)

1. An injectable, curable, aqueous granular grout, characterized in that it comprises, as essential ingredients, (a) fine particles of amorphous silica, commonly called fumed silica, having a surface area of at least 5 m2/g, and (b) fine particles of slaked lime having a Blaine surface area of at least 8,000 cm2/g and a content of calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 higher than 90%.
2. A grout as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the lime/silica weight ratio is in the range from 0.2 to 5.
3. A grout as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that said ratio is in the range from 0.2 to 2.
4. A grout as claimed in claim 3,characterized in that said ratio is approximately 0.5.
5. A grout as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it contains up to 350 kg of solids per m3 of grout.
6. A grout as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the slaked lime has a Blaine surface area of at least 10,000 cm2/g and the surface area of the fumed silica is at least 10 m2/g.
7. A grout as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it additionally contains up to approximately 5% by weight of a setting activator consisting of a basic substance, relative to the weight of the slaked lime.
8. A grout as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the activator is chosen among sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium silicates and sodium carbonate.
9. A grout as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it additionally contains an inert or reactive filler.
10. A process for consolidating and/or waterproofing fine granular soils and finely fissured soils by injecting into said soils a curable aqueous granular grout, characterized in that said grout is a grout such as defined in any of claims 1 to 9.
HK438/90A 1984-10-12 1990-06-07 Granular hardenable grout based on mineral products, and process for consolidating and/or watertightening granular soils and thinly cracked soils using this grout HK43890A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8415659A FR2571734B1 (en) 1984-10-12 1984-10-12 CURABLE GRANULAR GROUT BASED ON MINERAL PRODUCTS AND METHOD FOR CONSOLIDATION AND / OR SEALING OF FINE GRANULAR SOILS AND FINELY CRACKED SOILS USING THE SAME

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
HK43890A true HK43890A (en) 1990-06-15

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
HK438/90A HK43890A (en) 1984-10-12 1990-06-07 Granular hardenable grout based on mineral products, and process for consolidating and/or watertightening granular soils and thinly cracked soils using this grout

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0178213B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6197381A (en)
AR (1) AR244776A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE33262T1 (en)
AU (1) AU578741B2 (en)
DE (1) DE3562015D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2571734B1 (en)
HK (1) HK43890A (en)
NO (1) NO164988C (en)
PT (1) PT81268B (en)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO168765C (en) * 1989-12-12 1992-04-01 Elkem As INJECTABLE SEAL MORTAR
JPH0717902B2 (en) * 1990-02-14 1995-03-01 強化土エンジニヤリング株式会社 Curable composition for ground injection
DE69311284T2 (en) * 1992-12-30 1997-09-18 Halliburton Co Use of drilling fluids
US5327968A (en) * 1992-12-30 1994-07-12 Halliburton Company Utilizing drilling fluid in well cementing operations
US5332041A (en) * 1992-12-30 1994-07-26 Halliburton Company Set-activated cementitious compositions and methods
FR2705337A1 (en) * 1993-05-21 1994-11-25 Rhone Poulenc Chimie Mineral grout for consolidation or sealing of soil.
FR2741630B1 (en) * 1995-11-29 2003-10-31 Balthazard Et Cotte Holding PROCESS FOR TREATING SOILS AND / OR SUPPLY MATERIALS
FR2756822B1 (en) * 1996-12-10 1999-01-08 Spie Fondations HARDENING ACTIVATOR FOR INJECTION GROUT, INJECTION GROUT HAVING SUCH AN ACTIVATOR, USE THEREOF
EP0960928A3 (en) * 1998-05-29 2000-03-15 Eberhard Recycling AG Method for making earth constructions, and a construction made according to the method, as well as a mix for soil stabilisation
RU2192517C2 (en) * 2001-02-12 2002-11-10 Дальневосточный государственный университет путей сообщения Method of ground consolidation
RU2236504C1 (en) * 2003-02-26 2004-09-20 Дальневосточный государственный университет путей сообщения Reinforcing ground composition
JP2009114343A (en) * 2007-11-07 2009-05-28 Raito Kogyo Co Ltd Process for producing fumed silica slurry and ground improvement material
JP5717945B2 (en) * 2008-11-26 2015-05-13 電気化学工業株式会社 Injection material, injection material and injection method
FR3028509B1 (en) * 2014-11-13 2020-07-24 Colas Sa GEOSYNTHESIS BINDER CONSISTING OF AN ALKALINO-CALCIUM ACTIVATOR AND A SILICO-ALUMINOUS COMPOUND
CN112609668A (en) * 2020-12-10 2021-04-06 西京学院 Construction method of foundation for eliminating influence of freezing and thawing environment

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS52115518A (en) * 1976-03-23 1977-09-28 Kondo Kimitaka Subsoil improving method using lime slurry
CA1135288A (en) * 1978-10-24 1982-11-09 Jean Couturier Hydraulic binder
JPS577192A (en) * 1980-06-17 1982-01-14 Toppan Printing Co Ltd Method of manufacturing metallic wiring pattern
EP0078119B1 (en) * 1981-10-28 1985-09-11 William George Horton Calcium silicate base materials
LU84196A1 (en) * 1982-06-11 1984-03-07 Soletanche AGENT FOR WATERPROOFING AND / OR CONSOLIDATION OF SOILS AND / OR CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND METHOD FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
SI8310054A8 (en) * 1983-01-10 1994-12-31 Borisa Kidrica Chem Inst Procedure for producing of light isolating building elements from amorphous silica, made at the production of ferrosilicium

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AR244776A1 (en) 1993-11-30
FR2571734A1 (en) 1986-04-18
EP0178213A1 (en) 1986-04-16
AU578741B2 (en) 1988-11-03
JPS6197381A (en) 1986-05-15
ATE33262T1 (en) 1988-04-15
FR2571734B1 (en) 1993-06-11
NO164988C (en) 1990-12-05
PT81268A (en) 1985-11-01
PT81268B (en) 1987-10-20
EP0178213B1 (en) 1988-03-30
NO854053L (en) 1986-04-14
DE3562015D1 (en) 1988-05-05
JPH0581632B2 (en) 1993-11-15
NO164988B (en) 1990-08-27
AU4794585A (en) 1986-04-17

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