HK40068701B - Multicomponent system, and method for producing a multicomponent system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a multi-component system and a method for producing a multi-component system.

From the state of the art, multi-component systems are already known.

For example, multi-component systems are used in adhesive technology, such as two-component systems.

For example, special hand applicators such as those in DE 202017000446 U1 are used to activate the adhesive system and then apply it.

From US 2012/0107601 A1, a capsule system is already known that reacts to pressure and releases liquids accordingly.

Further capsule systems are known, for example, from WO 2017/192407 A1, US 8,747,999 B2, WO 2017 042709 A1, WO 2016/049308 A1 and WO 2018/028058 A1.

Capsule-in-capsule systems are further known from, for example, US 9,637,611 B2, WO 2002/060573 A2, or US 4,891,172 A.

WO 2002/060573 A2 describes capsule-in-capsule systems and methods for their preparation.

EP 1 097 693 A2 describes microcapsule systems for environmentally induced release of active ingredients.

EP 2 282 314 A1 describes conductive fine particles and anisotropic conductive materials.

WO 2017/138483 A1 describes coated conductive particles with insulation, anisotropic conductive adhesives, and associated structures.

Previous capsule systems are all passive systems. This means that these systems have one or more capsules, and the component of interest is enclosed within the capsule(s). At a defined time, also called activation, the content of the capsule is then released, thereby releasing the component accordingly.

However, it would be desirable to have better control over the release of the components and their mixing.

It is the object of the present invention to further develop a multi-component system and a method for producing a multi-component system of the aforementioned type in an advantageous manner, particularly in such a way that the dosing of individual components of multi-component systems and their mixing can be better controlled, thereby improving the efficiency of the reaction of the multi-component system.

This task is solved according to the invention by a multi-component system having the features of claim 1. According to this, it is provided that a multi-component system is provided, comprising at least a first substance and at least a second substance, wherein the first substance and the second substance are components of a multi-component adhesive, and wherein the multi-component system can be activated, with the first substance and the second substance being present in several substance portions, wherein the first substance portions are first capsules (K1) formed with at least one first functional group (R2) and provided with a first linker (L1), and wherein the second substance portions are second capsules (K2) formed with at least one second functional group (R21) and provided with a second linker (L2), wherein the first functional group (R2) reacts with the second functional group (R21) via a covalent bond and connects them together, and wherein the distance of the functional groups from the respective substance portion is determined by the respective linker (L), and wherein the first capsules K1 and the second capsules K2 are cross-linked via interlinking.

The invention is based on the basic idea that, by means of a defined spatial arrangement using linkers and connections through functional groups, at least a first substance and at least a second substance can be arranged relative to each other. Thus, it is now possible to arrange the first substance and the second substance separately from each other in a defined ratio and according to a defined distance. By appropriate activation, the substances are then mixed together, enabling the reaction between the substances.

Furthermore, it may be provided that the first linker is longer than the second linker or vice versa. This results in the advantage that, for example, the first substances, after appropriate binding, occupy a greater distance from each other compared to the distance between the first substance and the second substance. This leads to the second substance always being spatially arranged between the first substances, which promotes mixing. Additionally, the adjustment of the concentration and/or volume ratios of the substances relative to each other is also favored in this way.

A linker can be any form of connection between a capsule and a functional group.

A linker can also be any type of direct connection between a capsule and a functional group.

In addition, it is conceivable that the first material portions and the second material portions differ in such a way that the first material portions are connected to or combinable with a larger number of material portions than the second material portions, or vice versa. This allows the concentration and/or volume ratio and the relative ratio of the substances to each other to be adjusted.

The functional groups can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. For example, a substance and its corresponding functional groups may be heterogeneous, meaning that different functional groups can be used. This may be desirable, for instance, when aiming to provide certain linkers with protecting groups during production, and use them for specific bonds, such as between the first substance and the first substance, the second substance and the second substance, or even between the first substance and the second substance. It is also conceivable that a first functional group allows the connection of two capsules, while a second, different functional group enables the binding of capsules to surfaces or fibers. Furthermore, it is possible that a first functional group allows the bonding of two capsules, while a second, different functional group makes it possible to modify the properties of the capsules, for example biocompatibility, solubility, or similar properties. It is also conceivable that heterogeneous functional groups enable the design of a three- or multi-component system.

It is also conceivable that all functional groups are homogeneous, i.e., identically formed. In the case of heterogeneous formation, it is also possible that this is combined with additional properties or differences in the configuration of the linkers (e.g., length, angle, type of linker, etc.).

The first portions of material can have essentially the same size and/or the second portions of material can have essentially the same size. By "size," in particular, the spatial extent, but also the mass or the volume taken up can be meant. It is conceivable that the first portions of material and the second portions of material each have an identical size or quantity.

In particular, it is also conceivable that the first material portions and the second material portions have different sizes.

By choosing the size, the respective (local) volume and/or the respective local concentration of the respective substance is determined.

The multi-component system can have a network structure with voids, wherein the network structure is formed by portions of the first material, and in the voids an ambient medium and at least partially, each in at least one portion, a portion of the second material is arranged. This leads to improved mixing of the individual materials and thus an improved material utilization.

Furthermore, it may be provided that a portion of the first material and/or the second material is arranged in a capsule, particularly in a nanocapsule and/or microcapsule. By encapsulating, it becomes easy to provide a defined mass or a defined volume of the first and/or second material for the multi-component system. In a multi-capsule system, or for example, a two-component capsule system (2K capsule system), it is possible that the capsule contents are bound together in a defined number and/or in a defined ratio and distance within separate compartments, until the capsules are activated and thus their contents can react with each other or are forced to react with each other, or to mix.if the capsules contain the same contents. For each capsule, a portion of a substance is arranged or packaged. It is also conceivable that one capsule contains several portions of substances. An arrangement of capsules containing first substances and second substances can also be referred to as a capsule complex, and it performs a function similar to a (mini) reaction vessel, in which the reagents are mixed with each other at a defined time after activation, and the reaction between the substances is initiated. Due to the large number of these capsule complexes, the effect is summed up, resulting in a greater effect or improved mixing and reaction of the substances. Further advantages arise from the better mixing of the individual substances.Reactants are combined with each other, thus achieving a higher output compared to previous systems, while using less material simultaneously.

In particular, it may be provided that a capsule for the first material has a different size than a capsule for the second material, particularly wherein the capsule for the first material is larger than the capsule for the second material. This results in an adjustment of the ratio of the volumes of the first material relative to the second material (or vice versa), as well as an adjustment of the activation behavior.

It is also conceivable that the capsules for the first material have the same size. This also serves to adjust the activation behavior.

It is conceivable that the activation of the capsules of the multi-component system occurs through at least one change in pressure, pH value, UV radiation, osmosis, temperature, light intensity, humidity, or the like.

It is conceivable to use one or more activation mechanisms in parallel.

Possible capsule types include, for example, double capsules, multi-core capsules, capsules with cationic or anionic character, capsules with different shell materials, capsules with multiple shells, capsules with multiple layers of the shell material (so-called multilayer microcapsules), capsules containing metal nanoparticles, matrix capsules and/or hollow capsules, capsules with a dense shell material, for example, an absolutely dense shell material, porous capsules and/or empty porous capsules (for example, to encapsulate odors).

The first material and the second material can be components of a multi-component adhesive, in particular a two-component adhesive.

In principle, other application areas are also possible.

The capsules are equipped with linkers and functional groups or are functionalized. The linkers are intended to cross-link the capsules with each other. It may be provided that the functional groups are also equipped with a protective group. The distance between the capsules can be determined by the length of the linkers. The length of the linkers should be chosen such that the radius of the content of the emptied liquid of the capsules slightly overlaps with the content of the neighboring capsules, in order to ensure cross-linking. In a higher viscous surrounding medium (such as, for example, adhesive tape), the length of the linkers should be shorter than in a less viscous medium such as a paste or liquid.

In general, an intranet of capsules is possible. Here, capsules from a capsule population are interconnected with each other.

In general, it is possible for capsules with the same content to be interconnected through intranet.

Generally, an interconnection of capsules is possible as an alternative or in addition. Here, capsules from at least two different capsule populations are interconnected with each other.

In general, it is possible to interconnect capsules with different contents through interconnection.

It is conceivable that in chemically curing adhesives, the resin and hardener in the two-component system are present in separate reaction chambers within a defined volume ratio, enclosed in separate capsules and protected against activation reactions under storage conditions. Then, for example, by changing pressure, pH value, UV radiation, osmosis, temperature, light intensity, humidity, or by excluding air, the curing reaction is triggered.

The capsules of a multi-component capsule system, for example a two-component capsule system, can be introduced into the gas phase, into pasty media, into viscous media, into highly viscous media, into liquid systems and/or applied to solid surfaces.

For example, it is conceivable that the capsules are contained in a spray (aerosol adhesive).

It is conceivable that a multi-component system, for example, a two-component adhesive is integrated into a pasty medium as an ambient medium. This makes it possible to apply the adhesive very precisely onto a surface to be bonded, for example, a surface. The two-component adhesive would not yet be activated until activation, and the processing time as well as the activation can be individually determined.

It is conceivable that the capsules are attached to a surface, for example, a carrier material. The capsules can, for example, be contained in and/or on a double-sided or single-sided carrier material. The carrier material can, for example, include a plastic, a plastic film, a metal, a metal film, a plastic foam, a textile fabric, or paper. It is also possible that the carrier material is further processed, for example, by printing or punching, or in other ways.

One application possibility of a double- or single-sided carrier material comprising the capsules of a multi-component capsule system, for example a two-component capsule system, is an adhesive tape and/or adhesive strip and/or adhesive label.

One possible application of a double- or single-sided carrier material comprising the capsules of one or multi-component capsule systems, for example, a two-component capsule system, is an adhesive tape and/or adhesive strip and/or adhesive label for wound coverage in humans or animals. It is also generally possible to use it on plants, for example, on trees. The carrier material can, for example, be applied to the skin and/or body surface of a human or animal or of a plant. It is also possible to apply the carrier material inside the (body) of a human or animal or of a plant.

In particular, this can enable wound coverage in humans, animals or plants. It is possible to specifically glue wounds. Subsequently, an adhesive is intended to allow a first adhesion for positioning the carrier material on a double-sided or single-sided carrier. Through activation of the capsules, crosslinking occurs, which enables final adhesion. Alternatively or additionally, the restoration of a tissue, such as bone and/or cartilage tissue, nerve tissue, muscle tissue, fat tissue, epithelial tissue, enamel, dentin, pulp, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, epidermis, periderm, xylem, phloem or organs, which has been structurally and/or functionally altered, for example, by accident, injury, surgical intervention or another type of damage, can be enabled by applying a double-sided or single-sided carrier material of one- or multi-component adhesives.

It is conceivable that a surface to be bonded is provided or equipped with a functional group (i.e., functionalized) that is complementary to a functional group with which two-component microcapsules have been functionalized. The two-component microcapsules can be bound to the surface to be bonded. Thus, the surface to be bonded does not need to be sticky. The timing and type of activation of the two-component microcapsules can be precisely determined. This can, for example, be applied in micro-scale bonding, such as in bonding electronics, displays, or similar items. It is also conceivable to apply this in the area of deep soft tissue injuries in humans or animals. It is conceivable that deep and/or larger wounds can also be bonded by means of the described method. A minimally invasive bonding of deep and/or large wounds is also possible. In general, bonding of human, animal or plant tissues and/or organs of any kind is conceivable.

In particular, it is conceivable that the capsules of a multi-component capsule system, for example a two-component capsule system, additionally or alternatively contain pharmacologically active substances, such as drugs including antibiotics, growth factors, disinfectants, or similar agents. This can, for example, enable better wound healing or adhesion of tissues or organs of all kinds.

It is also conceivable that the capsules of a multi-component capsule system, for example, a two-component capsule system, are porous capsules. Porous capsules can be used to absorb liquids and/or odors. For example, porous capsules could be used to absorb wound fluid from wounds of animals, humans, or even plants.

It is also possible to achieve a selected release profile through the capsules of a multi-component capsule system, for example, a two-component capsule system. For instance, a stepwise and/or delayed release of pharmaceuticals, growth factors, and/or any type of active ingredients could be achieved.

It is conceivable that in a two-component capsule system, a first population of capsules containing fibrin is immediately activated to promote faster wound healing, while a second population of capsules containing antibiotics has an extended activation mechanism, resulting in a delayed release of antibiotics compared to the release of fibrin. Additionally, it would be possible to introduce an empty, porous capsule that absorbs odors and/or wound fluid.

It is conceivable that a two-component microcapsule system contains a first capsule population with an aqueous component (first phase) and a second capsule population with an oily component (second phase). It is conceivable that a two-component microcapsule system thus allows bringing the aqueous component and the oily component, i.e., the first phase and the second phase, into solution in a defined ratio. It is conceivable that such a biphasic product based on a two-component microcapsule system can be formed with a defined ratio (of the first phase to the second phase). For example, it is conceivable that a biphasic product based on a two-component microcapsule system can be applied to a fabric or fiber in a defined ratio. It is conceivable that through a biphasic product based on a two-component microcapsule system, substances do not dry out and can be stored in a conventional packaging. In general, such a system can be used to enable reactions to proceed more effectively than in conventional systems.

It is also conceivable that two capsule populations of a two-component capsule system on a support material are bound together in a batch process with the same content, but with different activation mechanisms through intranet cross-linking. This can enable a longer-lasting release of, for example, pharmacologically active substances compared to a single-component capsule system.

It is also conceivable that unstable substances can be stored longer in their more stable form within the surrounding medium by encapsulation in a two-component capsule system. Only upon activation of the capsules can the stable component in the first capsule react with the activator from the second capsule and be converted into the reactive form.

Another application of a double- or single-sided carrier material containing the capsules is adhesive tape and/or adhesive strips in the field of personal care, in the production or repair of clothing and/or shoes, in construction or DIY areas, carpentry, the automotive industry, adhesive technology, electrical industry or similar.

It is also conceivable that the capsules of the two-component capsule system are used in the field of care products for humans, animals, plants, or objects.

It is conceivable that a multi-component system, for example a two-component system, can also be used for self-healing products.

It is possible that a monomer is encapsulated in a first capsule and an initiator is encapsulated in another capsule. Through targeted activation, a capsule complex can react with the surrounding medium.

For example, it is conceivable that a two-component system is introduced into capsules made of paper. In the first capsule population, sugar monomers could be encapsulated, while in the second capsule population, a corresponding activating enzyme could be encapsulated. Upon activation, the capsules can burst, and the activating enzyme can bind the sugar monomers to the fibers of the paper. It is conceivable that one or more break points could thus be repaired. It is also conceivable that this principle could be applied to fibers of any kind, for example, synthetic fibers.

Generally, monomers can be present in a first capsule population, and an initiator for the polymerization of the monomers in the first capsule population can be present in another capsule population.

This principle can be applied to all types of monomers.

In general, two monomers can also be located in different capsules.

For example, the carboxylic acid may be present in a first capsule and the diol in a second capsule. By activating the capsules, the polycondensation can be initiated and the two monomers react to form a polyester.

In general, a three-capsule system is also conceivable. In the first and second capsule, respectively, there can be either the same or different monomers. In the third capsule, an initiator can be present.

For example, the polycondensation of phenoplast could be possible, where the phenol is present in one capsule and the aldehyde in another capsule. The initiator is located in the third capsule.

In general, this principle can be applied to any polymerization.

It is possible that the capsules contain at least partially one or more fragrances, dyes, fillers, skincare products, growth factors, hormones, vitamins, trace elements, fats, acids, bases, bleaching agents, alcohols, proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, hydrogels, or similar substances.

It is also conceivable that the capsules of the two-component capsule system are used in the area of cleaning agents. Accordingly, it is possible that the capsules contain at least partially one or more fragrances, dyes, detergents, surfactants, alcohols, acids, bases, bleaching agents, enzymes, or similar substances.

It is also conceivable that the capsules of the two-component capsule system are used in the area of diagnostic methods. According to this, it is possible that the capsules contain at least partially contrast agents, fluorescent substances and/or dyes.

In particular, it is conceivable that homogeneously and/or heterofunctionalized capsule populations of a two-component capsule system are covalently bound to each other. In particular, it is conceivable that homogeneously and/or heterofunctionalized capsule populations of a two-component capsule system are covalently linked via intranet crosslinking and/or internetwork crosslinking. Both capsule populations can be filled with different substances, for example, different dyes. It is conceivable that one capsule population is emptied by a specific activation mechanism upon a certain event, while the other capsule population is emptied by a different activation mechanism upon a second specific event. When both events occur, the contents of the two capsules mix, resulting in a specific color.

It is also conceivable that a carrier material is formed with at least one functional group to enable attachment to a surface of functionalized capsules.

In particular, it is conceivable that at least one area of a surface to be bonded is provided with functional groups. Moreover, capsules of a multi-component capsule system, as described above, can also be provided with functional groups. Subsequently, the capsules are covalently bound to the functionalized surface through crosslinking. By activating the capsules, adhesive is released and/or mixed with each other, thereby developing the adhesive properties.

In addition, the surface of the carrier material of a tape can be functionalized. The multi-component systems are mixed into the adhesive. In the next step, part of the capsule complexes is bound to the surface of the carrier material.

In a further embodiment, the capsule complexes can be applied to the entire surface or parts of the adhesive surface.

It is generally possible to produce the capsules by solvent evaporation, thermogelation, gelation, interfacial polycondensation, polymerization, spray drying, fluidized bed, droplet freezing, extrusion, supercritical fluids, coacervation, air suspension, pan coating, co-extrusion, solvent extraction, molecular entrapment, spray crystallization, phase separation, emulsification, in situ polymerization, insolubility, interfacial deposition, emulsification with a nanomolecular sieve, ionotropic gelation method, coacervate phase separation, matrix polymerization, interfacial crosslinking, congealing method, centrifugal extrusion and/or one or more additional methods.

It is generally possible to produce capsules using physical methods, chemical methods, physicochemical methods, and/or similar methods.

It is generally possible that the capsule shell comprises at least one polymer, wax, resin, protein, polysaccharide, gum arabic, maltodextrin, inulin, metal, ceramic, acrylate, microgel, phase change material, and/or one or more additional substances.

It is generally possible that the capsule shells are not porous or not completely porous. It is generally possible that the capsule shells are almost completely impermeable or completely impermeable.

It is generally possible that the core of the capsules is solid, liquid, and/or gaseous. Moreover, it is possible that the core of the capsules includes at least one phase change material, enzyme, carotenoid, living cells, at least one phenolic compound, or similar substances.

It is generally possible that the capsules are formed with linear polymers, multivalent polymers, star-shaped polyethyleneglycols, self-assembled monolayers (SAM), carbon nanotubes, ring-shaped polymers, dendrimers, conductive polymers, and/or similar substances.

Possible protecting groups include acetyl, benzoyl, benzyl, β-methoxyethoxymethylether, methoxytrityl, (4-methoxyphenyl)diphenylmethyl, dimethoxytrityl, bis(4-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethyl, methoxymethylether, p-methoxybenzylether, methylthiomethylether, pivaloyl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydropyranyl, trityl, triphenylmethyl, silylether, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, tri-isopropylsilyloxymethyl, triisopropylsilyl, methylether, ethoxyethylether, p-methoxybenzylcarbonyl, tert-butyloxycarbonyl, 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl, carbamate, p-methoxybenzyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl, p-methoxyphenyl, one or more tosyl or nosyl groups, methyl ester, benzyl ester, tert-butyl ester, 2,6-disubstituted phenol esters (e.g., 2,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-diisopropylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), silylester, orthoester, oxazoline, and/or similar groups.

Possible materials for coating the capsules include albumin, gelatin, collagen, agarose, chitosan, starch, carrageenan, poly starch, polydextran, lactides, glycolides and copolymers, polyalkyl cyanoacrylates, polyanhydrides, polyethyl methacrylate, acrolein, glycidyl methacrylate, epoxy polymers, gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, arabinogalactan, polyacrylic acid, ethyl cellulose, polyethylene polymethacrylate, polyamide (nylon), polyethylene vinyl acetate, cellulose nitrate, silicones, poly(lactide-co-glycolide), paraffin, carnauba, spermaceti, beeswax, stearic acid, stearyl alcohols, glycerol stearate, shellac, cellulose acetate phthalate, zein, hydrogels or similar.

Possible functional groups include alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, alkynes, phenyl substituents, benzyl substituents, vinyl, allyl, carbenes, alkyl halides, phenol, ether, epoxide, ether, peroxide, ozonide, aldehyde, hydrate, imine, oxime, hydrazone, semicarbazone, hemiacetal, hemiketal, lactol, acetal/ketal, aminale, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid ester, lactone, orthoester, anhydride, imide, carboxylic acid halides, carboxylic acid derivatives, amide, lactam, peroxycarboxylic acids, nitriles, carbamate, urea, guanidine, carbodiimide, amines, aniline, hydroxylamine, hydrazine, hydrazone, azo compounds, nitro compounds, thiol, mercaptans, sulfides, phosphines, P-ylene, P-ylide, biotin, streptavidin, metallocenes, or similar.

Possible release mechanisms include diffusion, dissolution, degradation control, erosion, or similar.

It is conceivable that a combined release mechanism is present.

Possible monomers include biopolymers, proteins, silk, polysaccharides, cellulose, starch, chitin, nucleic acids, synthetic polymers, homopolymers, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polylactam, natural rubber, polyisoprene, copolymers, statistical copolymers, gradient copolymer, alternating copolymer, block copolymer, graft copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), butyl rubber, polymer blends, polymer alloys, inorganic polymers, polysiloxanes, polyphosphazenes, polysilazanes, ceramics, basalt, isotactic polymers, syndiotactic polymers, atactic polymers, linear polymers, cross-linked polymers, elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers, duroplasts, semi-crystalline linkers, thermoplastics, cis-trans polymers, conductive polymers, and supramolecular polymers.

A linker can be any type of connection between a capsule and a functional group.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing a multi-component system. According to this, in a method for producing a multi-component system comprising at least a first substance and at least a second substance, wherein the first substance and the second substance are present in several substance portions, wherein the multi-component system is activatable, the method comprises the following steps: the first substance portions are provided with at least one first functional group and with a first linker, the second substance portions are provided with at least one second functional group and with a second linker, the first functional group reacts via a predefined interaction with the second functional group, thereby connecting them to each other, and the distance of the functional groups from the respective substance portion is determined by the respective linker.

It may particularly be provided that the first substance portions are equipped with at least one third functional group and provided with a third linker, wherein each third functional group has at least one protecting group, so that only correspondingly functionalized portions of the first substance can bind to the portions of the first substance, and wherein the method further comprises at least the step that the protecting groups are initially present and are removed only when the first substance portions are intended to be connected together by means of the third functional groups. This prevents the portions of the first substance, in particular capsules, from already connecting, preferably with further portions of the first substance. The protecting groups can be removed after introduction into gas, low-viscous liquid, high-viscous or solid phase, thereby causing the intramolecular crosslinking.

The multi-component system may be a multi-component system as described above.

Possible application areas of the inventive method or system include biotechnology, cosmetics, pharmaceutical industry, food industry, chemical industry, agriculture, packaging technology, waste recycling, textile industry, production of fiber composite materials, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, medical technology, microtechnology, automotive industry, paints, coatings, or similar fields.

Thus, the use of the aforementioned and also described method and/or system for one of the following applications, alone or in combination, is explicitly disclosed: biotechnology, pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics, food industry, chemical industry, agriculture, packaging technology, waste recycling, textile industry, production of fiber composite materials, electrical engineering (for example in connection with the interconnection of electronic components, chip technology, or similar), mechanical engineering, medical technology, microtechnology, automotive industry, or similar. In particular, in the cosmetic field, the following can be mentioned: In cosmetics, there are many two-phase or multi-phase products. Usually, an aqueous and an oily component are present here. With the 2K microcapsule technology, it is possible to bring both phases into solution in a defined ratio.

In a further embodiment, the two phases can be applied to a cotton pad in a defined ratio using the 2K capsules. On one hand, this would have the advantage that the substances do not dry out and thus can be stored in a normal packaging. Additionally, the efficiency with which the substances exert their effect is significantly increased with the same amount of material used. The efficiency increase of two substances can also be applied in creams, masks, etc.

In general, the principle of two-phase systems as described above can be applied to all multiphase systems.

Moreover, in general, this principle can be used to increase the yield of reactions and/or make reactions more efficient.

In the field of product development, self-healing products could be conceivable, for example: The 2K system can also be used for self-healing products. In one variant, the monomer is located in one capsule and the activator or the second monomer is in the other capsule. Through targeted activation, the capsule complex reacts with the surrounding medium and connects the fragments together.

For example, the capsules could be made of paper. In one capsule, there would be sugar monomers, and in the other capsule, the corresponding enzyme. Upon activation, for example, by UV radiation, the capsules would burst, the enzyme would bind the corresponding sugar monomers to the fibers, and the breakage would then be repaired.

The same principle could also be applied to fibers, especially synthetic fibers. The monomers would be present in one capsule, while the initiator for polymerization would be in the other phase.

This principle can also be applied to colors, paints, and many other materials. Further details and advantages of the invention will now be explained with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings.

They show: Fig. 1 an embodiment of a multi-component system according to the invention with a first material and a second material; Fig. 2 another embodiment of a multi-component system according to the invention with a first material and a second material; Fig. 3 another embodiment of a multi-component system according to the invention as shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2; Fig. 4 another embodiment of a multi-component system according to the invention as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 or Fig. 3; Fig. 5 an embodiment of an interlinking according to the invention of two different material portions / capsule populations; Fig. 6 an embodiment of an intralinking according to the invention of two identical material portions / capsule populations; Fig. 7 an embodiment of a two-component system according to the invention; Fig. 8 an embodiment of an intralinked capsule system according to the invention; Fig. 9 an embodiment of a two-component system according to the invention, which is both inter- and intralinked, as shown in Fig. 7; Fig. 10 a flow diagram of the workflow for manufacturing a two-component adhesive tape according to the present invention; Fig.Fig. 11A an embodiment of intranetted capsules of a single-component system according to the present disclosure; Fig. 11B an embodiment of intranetted capsules of a single-component system and non-crosslinked gas-filled capsules according to the present disclosure; Fig. 12A an embodiment of inter- and intranetted capsules of a two-component system according to the present invention; Fig. 12B a schematic representation of inter- and intranetted capsules of a multi-component system and non-crosslinked gas-filled capsules according to the present invention; Fig. 13 a representation of the bonding relationships of microcapsules in an inventive two-component system according to the present invention; and Fig. 14 a representation of the inventive bonding of microcapsules of the same size but with different functionalization.

Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a multi-component system according to the invention, comprising a first substance and a second substance.

In this embodiment, the multi-component system is activatable.

It is possible that the first material and the second material are present in several portions of material.

In this embodiment, the first material is present in a capsule population K1.

In other words, in this embodiment, the first material portions are first capsules K1.

In this embodiment, the second material is present in a capsule population K2.

In other words, in this embodiment, the second material portions are second capsules K2.

Generally, it is possible that a portion of the first material and/or the second material is arranged in a capsule K, particularly in a nanocapsule and/or microcapsule.

The material portion forms a core C (also called core) in K1 and K2 respectively, which is surrounded by a shell S (also called shell). Thus, it is a "core-shell" structure. However, core-shell-shell structures are also theoretically possible.

In this embodiment, the first material portions are provided with at least one first functional group R2 and are equipped with a first linker L1.

In this embodiment, the second material portions are provided with at least one second functional group R21 and a second linker L2.

In this embodiment, the first functional group R2 reacts via a predefined interaction with the second functional group R21 and connects them together.

In this embodiment, the distance of the functional groups to the respective material portion is determined by the respective linker L.

The capsules shown in Fig. 2-6 are constructed identically to the capsules K1 and K2 shown in Fig. 1.

In this embodiment, the first material portions are provided with at least one first functional group R2 and are equipped with a first linker L1.

In this embodiment, the second material portions are provided with at least one second functional group R21 and a second linker L2.

In this embodiment, the first functional group R2 reacts via a predefined interaction with the second functional group R21 and connects them together.

In this embodiment, the distance of the functional groups to the respective material portion is determined by the respective linker L.

It is possible that the first linker L1 is longer than the second linker L2, see Fig. 2.

Alternatively, it is possible that the second linker L2 is longer than the first linker L1.

Alternatively, it is possible that both left links L1 and L2 have the same length.

Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the inventive multi-component system according to Fig. 1 or Fig. 2.

In this embodiment, the first material portions and the second material portions differ.

In other words, in this embodiment, the capsules K1 of the first capsule population differ from the capsules K2 of the second capsule population.

In this embodiment, the first material portions are connected or connectable to a larger number of material portions than the second material portions.

In other words, in this embodiment, the capsules K1 are connected to or connectable with a larger number of capsules K than the capsules K2.

Alternatively, it is possible that the second material portions can be connected or combined with a larger number of material portions compared to the first material portions.

In other words, it is possible that the K2 capsules can be connected or connected to a greater number of K capsules than the K1 capsules.

Fig. 4 is another embodiment of the inventive multi-component system according to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, or Fig. 3.

In this embodiment, the first material portions and the second material portions have a substantially different size.

In this embodiment, the first capsules K1 have a substantially larger size than the second capsules K2.

Generally, a capsule K1 for a first material can have a different size than a capsule K2 for a second material, especially where the capsule K1 for the first material is larger than the capsule K2 for the second material.

Alternatively, it is possible that the second material portions have essentially a larger size than the first material portions.

Alternatively, it is possible that the first material portions and the second material portions have essentially the same size.

It is not shown that the first material portions have essentially the same size and/or that the second material portions can have essentially the same size.

Figure 5 shows an embodiment of the inventive cross-linking of two different fabric portions.

In this embodiment, a capsule K1 and a capsule K2 are interconnected.

In this embodiment, a capsule K1 and a capsule K2 are cross-linked via the functional groups R2 and R21.

Figure 6 shows an embodiment of the inventive intravernetting of two identical material portions.

In this embodiment, two capsules K1 are interconnected.

In this embodiment, the two capsules K1 are intranetted via the functional groups R2-R2.

Fig. 7 an embodiment of a two-component system according to the invention.

In this embodiment, the two-component system is a two-component microcapsule system.

In this embodiment, the two-component system is a two-component microcapsule system that has not yet reacted with each other through a predefined interaction.

In particular, two different capsule populations, K1 and K2, are shown, wherein a first substance is present in the first capsule K1 and a second substance is present in the second capsule K2.

The illustrated capsules K1 and K2 are exemplary for a variety of capsules K1 and K2, for example, to be designated as capsule populations.

In this embodiment, the first material in the one capsule K1 is a first adhesive component.

In this embodiment, the second material in the second capsule K2 is a second adhesive component.

In other words, the first material and the second material are components of a multi-component adhesive, particularly a two-component adhesive.

It is generally possible that the two different capsule populations K1 and K2 were produced in separate batch reactors.

The capsules K1 and K2 of the two capsule populations are functionalized.

The first capsules K1 were formed with two different linkers L1 and L3 of varying lengths and with different functional groups R1 and R2 on the surface (surface functionalization).

In other words, the functional groups R are heterogeneously formed.

In an alternative embodiment, it is possible that the functional groups R are uniformly formed.

The second capsules K2 were formed with linker L2 and the functional group R21.

The functional group R21 of the second capsule K2 reacts covalently with the functional group R2 of the first capsule K1.

In this embodiment, it is possible that the first capsules K1 are connected to or connectable with a larger number of capsules K than the second capsules K2.

In an alternative embodiment, it is possible that the second capsules K2 are connected to or connectable with a larger number of capsules K than the first capsules K1.

The left L3 and the functional group R1 are supposed to connect the first capsules K1 with each other (intracrosslinking).

Through the linker L1 and the functional group R2, and the linker L2 and the functional group R21, the capsules K2 are covalently bound to the first capsule K1 (interlinking).

By activating both capsules K1 and K2, the contents of capsules K1 and K2 can be released, leading to a mixture of both components.

It is generally possible to determine the number of second capsules K2 that bind to the first capsules K1, based on the density of surface functionalization or the number of functional groups R2 of the first capsule K1.

In general, two reactive substances can be separately encapsulated in capsules K1 and K2 and bound to each other in a specific ratio via covalent bonds (e.g., click chemistry), weak interactions, biochemical interactions (e.g., biotin-streptavidin), or other methods.

It is generally possible for more than two different capsules to encapsulate more than two different substances, such as reactive substances.

It is generally possible that the different capsules Kn are equipped with more than two linkers Ln and with different functional groups Rn.

It is generally possible that a linker L is any form of connection between a capsule and a functional group.

It is generally possible that, in the case of heterogeneous functionalization, a functional group R can be used to bind to surfaces, fibers, or textiles.

As with existing capsule systems, any conceivable substance can be introduced into the capsules K1 and/or K2 and/or Kn.

The activation of the two-component system can occur through at least one change in pressure, pH, UV radiation, osmosis, temperature, light intensity, humidity, or similar factors.

In general, a two-component capsule system could be implemented in any arbitrary medium.

Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of the inventive intravascular capsule system.

In this embodiment, the intravenous inventive capsule system is an intravenous microcapsule system.

It shows a single-component system.

It shows a capsule population K1.

The K1 capsules are filled with a substance.

In this embodiment, the capsules K1 are filled with an adhesive.

In this embodiment, the capsules K1 are filled with a one-component adhesive.

Alternatively, the capsules K1 can be filled with any conceivable gaseous, solid, viscous and/or liquid substance.

Alternatively, the capsules K1 can also be filled with living organisms and/or viruses.

The K1 capsules were functionalized.

The K1 capsules were equipped with left L3.

It is not shown that the capsules K1 are equipped with functional groups R1 (on the left L3).

The left L3 connects the capsules K1 among themselves (intra-networking).

The distance between the capsules K1 can be determined by the length of the linker L3.

Depending on the density of surface functionalization R1, the degree of intramolecular crosslinking of the capsules K1 can be determined.

The length of the linker L3 should be chosen such that the radius of the content of the emptied liquid capsules K1 slightly overlaps with the content of the neighboring capsules K1 to ensure cross-linking.

In a higher viscous surrounding medium (such as, for example, adhesive tape), the length of the linker L3 should be chosen shorter than in a lower viscous medium such as a paste or liquid.

Figure 9 shows an embodiment of the invention's inter- and intranet-connected two-component system according to Figure 7.

The first capsules K1 and the second capsules K2 are filled with different substances.

In this embodiment, the capsules K1 have essentially the same size.

In this embodiment, the capsules K2 have essentially the same size.

In this embodiment, the capsules K1 and the capsules K2 have different sizes.

In an alternative embodiment, it is possible that the capsules K1 and the capsules K2 have a substantially identical size.

The basic system corresponds to the representation in Fig. 8.

In addition, the first capsules K1 are heterogeneous and equipped with a linker L1.

A second capsule population K2 binds to the left L1, see Fig. 1.

In other words, the two-component system has a network structure with intermediate spaces, wherein the network structure is formed by the first capsules K1, and wherein in the intermediate spaces at least partially at least one capsule K2 is arranged.

It is generally possible for the two-component capsules K1 and K2 to be introduced into the gas phase with different contents. For example, they could be used in inhalation devices or other drug delivery systems. The inactivated capsules reach the site of action and are activated there, releasing their content. Additionally, surfaces could also be coated with this dispersion.

It is generally possible to introduce the two-component capsules K1 and K2 with different contents into a pasty medium. For example, a two-component adhesive could be used for this purpose. The paste is inactive and can be processed well until the capsules are activated and react with each other. The ideal mixing ratio of the adhesives is determined as described above by the ratio of the first and second capsules K1 and K2.

The advantage of the ideal composition of the two-component capsule systems can also be utilized in liquid systems. Since both capsules K1 and K2 of the two-component capsule system are located in close proximity, it is very likely that the capsules K1 and K2 will react more quickly and distinctly with each other than when they are separate in a dispersion.

Fig. 10 shows a flowchart of the workflow for manufacturing a two-component adhesive tape according to the invention.

Fig. 10 is essentially based on a two-component capsule system according to Fig. 7.

In total, the production of a two-component adhesive tape according to the invention is divided into four steps S1 to S4.

In a first step S1, the first capsules K1 and the second capsules K2 are functionalized, see Fig. 7.

In the present two-component system, the first capsules K1 are heterogeneously formed with two linkers L1 and L3 and the functional groups R1 and R2.

In a separate batch approach, the second population of capsules K2 is functionalized with the linker L2 containing the functional group R21.

The functional group R21 is to be selected such that it reacts (covalently) with the functional group R2 of the first capsule K1 in a later reaction step.

In a second step S2, the functionalized second capsules K2 are added to the functionalized first capsules K1.

The functional groups R2 and R21 bind (covalently) to each other (cross-linking).

It is generally possible to add a third or any number of additional capsule populations K3-Kn to a first capsule population K1 and/or a second capsule population K2.

Each additional capsule population K3-Kn can in turn be functionalized with at least one functional group.

In a third step S3, the heterogeneous capsule dispersion from the previous step S2 is introduced into the still low-viscous adhesive agent, here an adhesive tape B.

A predetermined (intra)crosslinking reaction occurs, which develops throughout the entire area of the adhesive tape B.

In a fourth step S4, the interconnected two-component capsule populations are applied and the adhesive tape B is dried.

In this case, the viscosity of adhesive tape B increases significantly, but the network remains homogeneous and evenly distributed on the adhesive tape.

It is shown that in step S1, a protective group SG can still be present on the functional group R1 of the linker L3 in order to prevent the first capsules K1 from prematurely cross-linking with each other during the functionalization.

It is further shown that in step S3, the protection groups SG are removed.

It is not shown that the removal of the protective group enables the intranet of the K1 capsules.

Application possibilities in different environmental media: Starting from the workflow described here for producing a two-component adhesive tape according to the invention, the two-component capsule system can alternatively be used in other media and with all encapsulated substances.

As an ambient medium, among others, gases, liquids, pasty, low- and high-viscous media as well as solid surface coatings are conceivable.

It is generally possible that the capsules K are formed as nanocapsules or microcapsules.

Generally, the method enables the production of further multi-component systems comprising at least a first substance and at least a second substance, wherein the first substance and the second substance are present in several substance portions, wherein the multi-component system is activatable, comprising the following steps: the first substance portions are provided with at least one first functional group R2 and with a first linker L1, the second substance portions are provided with at least one second functional group R21 and with a second linker L2, the first functional group R2 reacts via a predefined interaction with the second functional group R21, so that they are connected to each other, and the distance of the functional groups R from the respective substance portion is determined by the respective linker L.

It is generally possible that the first substance portions are formed with at least one third functional group R1 and provided with a third linker L3.

It is generally possible that the third functional group R1 has at least one protecting group SG, such that only correspondingly functionalized portions of the first substance can bind to the portions of the first substance.

It is generally possible that the process further comprises at least the step in which the protective groups SG are initially present and are only removed once the first substance portions are to be connected together using the third functional groups R1.

It is generally possible that the functional groups R1 each have at least one protecting group, so that only correspondingly functionalized portions of the second substance can bind to the portions of the first substance.

Furthermore, it is generally possible that the method for producing a multi-component system still includes at least the step in which the protective groups are initially present and are only removed once the first and second substance portions are to be connected together using the first and second functional groups R2, R21.

Fig. 11A shows a schematic representation of intranetted capsules of a one-component system in a highly viscous system according to the present disclosure.

In this embodiment, the networked single-component system, as described in Fig. 8, is introduced into a highly viscous system.

The high-viscosity system is a type of adhesive tape B.

Alternatively, other highly viscous, liquid, gaseous, pasty, or low-viscosity systems are conceivable.

In this embodiment, the adhesive tape B is a one-sided adhesive tape B.

Alternatively, double-sided versions of adhesive tape B are also possible.

Usually, there is a diffusion problem in highly viscous systems, so that the content of the capsules K1 in the adhesive tape B does not achieve crosslinking between the two materials to be bonded.

By (intra)crosslinking the one-component system, the distance and crosslinking density of the capsules K1 can be chosen such that the content of the capsules K1 forms a crosslinking system through the highly viscous adhesive.

This fundamental principle can also be extended to a two-component system as shown in Fig. 12A. There, the (inter- and intra-) cross-linking mechanism is used.

It is not shown that the two-component system can be introduced into the adhesive tape even with a prior crosslinking of the capsules K1 and the capsules K2.

Fig. 11B shows a schematic representation of cross-linked capsules of a single-component system and non-cross-linked, gas-filled capsules according to the present disclosure.

Alternatively, the non-crosslinked capsules can also be filled with solid or liquid substances.

In addition to the cross-linked capsules K1 of the single-component system according to Fig. 11A, another population of non-cross-linked, gas-filled capsules KG can be introduced into the highly viscous adhesive, such as an adhesive tape B. When these capsules rupture, they release the gas, thus either creating space for the liquid component of the capsules K1 or enabling the removal of the adhesive tape again.

It would also be conceivable to introduce a dissolving placeholder (e.g., fibers or similar) into adhesive tape B.

This would create channels through which the liquid adhesive of the capsules K1 can spread and cross-link over a large area within the adhesive tape B.

Another possibility would be to fill the liquid-filled capsules K1 into tubes and insert these into the adhesive tape B.

This is how a connection could occur over the length of the capillaries.

This fundamental principle can also be extended to a two-component system as shown in Fig. 12B.

Here, the inter- and intranet connection mechanism is used.

In addition to the first capsules K1 of the one-component system, a second capsule population K2 is introduced.

This mechanism allows introducing a two-component adhesive system into a tape adhesive.

The described systems are not limited to single-component capsule systems or two-component capsule systems.

Depending on the size and functionalization of the respective system, any number of capsule populations can be connected to one another and interlinked.

By combining the individual components, a very wide range of new functionalities and thus new application possibilities can be developed.

The following describes the preparation of polymethyl methacrylate microcapsules as an example: First, 2.5 g of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is dissolved in 11.5 ml toluene. Subsequently, oil is added. For microencapsulation, the homogeneous solution is introduced into 45 ml of a 1 weight-% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution. The emulsion is stirred at 800 rpm for 30 minutes. Subsequently, the toluene is evaporated. The resulting microcapsules K with a PMMA coating material are washed with distilled water, centrifuged at 5,000 rpm, and dried overnight at 50 °C in a vacuum oven.

Then, the surface of the microcapsules is silanized. The microcapsules are introduced into a fluidized bed reactor. As a coating material, a 5% aqueous solution of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) is used. After the coating process, the microcapsules are dried for 1 hour at 80 °C in a vacuum oven to achieve optimal bonding of the amino silane to the surface. Additionally, before the reaction, the surface of the microcapsules can be activated with oxygen plasma.

For the interconnection of two capsule populations K1 and K2 (capsules K with different contents), the complementary capsule population K can be functionalized with carboxyl groups. The procedure is analogous to the silanization described above. However, instead of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), a silane-PEG-COOH is used.

Subsequently, the capsules K can be sieved using sieves with different pore sizes to increase monodispersity. This has the advantage that, in the subsequent bonding process, the volume ratios of the two capsule contents can be precisely determined based on the size of the capsules K.

Then, the microencapsulation binding occurs. The first microcapsule K1 is functionalized with primary amines, while the second microcapsule K2 is functionalized with carboxyl groups. In the next step, 80 µl of a 10% carboxyl-functionalized microcapsule suspension is added to an aqueous solution, followed by the addition of 7 µl of a 2M (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide) solution (EDC solution) and 7 µl of a 0.3M N-hydroxysuccinimide solution (NHS solution), and the mixture is stirred for one hour at room temperature. The carboxyl function is converted into an active ester. Subsequently, the amine-functionalized microcapsules K1 are added to the solution in the same ratio as the carboxyl microcapsules K2, and they are allowed to bind together for two hours at room temperature with gentle stirring. Afterward, the capsules are filtered through a sieve, washed with distilled water, and dried for one hour at 50 °C in a vacuum oven.

In Fig. 13, it can be seen that most microcapsules bind to each other in a 1:1 ratio.

In addition, there are some microcapsules K that bind in a ratio of 1:2 or are even not bound to each other at all.

In order to ensure the quality of the two-component microcapsules K, the microcapsules K are subsequently purified by size or by their binding ratio using sieves with different pore sizes. The binding ratio of the microcapsules K can also be influenced by the number of functional groups on the microcapsules K.

It is possible that microcapsules K were bound together with the same size (e.g., 8 µm), but with different functionalization. When functionalized with linear polymers, the 1:1 binding dominates, see Fig. 14. When functionalized with polymers exhibiting multivalency, the triple binding predominates.

It is also possible that the functionalization of microcapsules occurs via adsorption.

In particular, the functionalization of microcapsules can occur via adsorption, especially for microcapsules with plastic surfaces. Preferred examples of plastic surfaces are acrylic resins, polylactic acid, nylon 6 and 12, epoxy resins, and polystyrene.

Alkyl chains or primary amines are preferably used for adsorption onto the surface of the microcapsules.

The second functional group can be freely selected and is thus available in the next step for binding the microcapsules.

The plastic surface of the microcapsules can form directly during the microencapsulation process or in a second step through a multilayer microcapsule thus obtained.

In an alternative embodiment, the second microcapsule population can be produced and/or coated with metal particles or a metal shell.

The two microcapsule populations, with 4-aminobenzenethiol as the binder for both microcapsule populations, are added.

The primary amine binds via adsorption to the microcapsules with the plastic surface, while the thiol group binds to the metal surface.

Furthermore, a functionalization during the microcapsule process as described in WO2017192407 is possible.

For example, a mixture consisting of water (20 ml), ethyl acetate (5 ml), sodium bicarbonate (0.580 g), approximately 1.0 mg Sudan Black, and one drop of Tween 20 is vigorously mixed at room temperature using a mechanical stirrer (approximately 500 ml) for 5 minutes at 500 rpm. Then, 77 mg of 1,3-bis(chlorosulfonyl)benzene is added, and the mixture is stirred for about 3 minutes. The mixture is then treated with 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid and further vigorously stirred for another 72 hours. To observe the reaction occurring in the mixture, aliquots are taken 30 minutes after the vigorous stirring begins, and subsequently at intervals of 12 hours. Under microscopic observation, the aliquots show the formation of capsules with diameters of 1 to 2 micrometers containing the Sudan Black dye. The reaction is completed after several hours. It is postulated that the capsules have multiple -COOH groups on their surface.

Furthermore, a functionalization during the microcapsule process is possible according to the further methods described in WO2017192407.

Accordingly, a second material portion can be produced in a separate batch approach using the same method, but with primary amines on the surface.

Subsequently, the microcapsule population with COOH groups on the surface can be activated as described earlier using EDCI NHS, and the amine-containing capsule population will be added, allowing the capsules to covalently bind to each other. In the next step, the capsules can be washed (and optionally filtered), and then dried. The resulting capsules can then be incorporated into another environmental medium.

Another possible manufacturing method is described, for example, in Yip, J and Luk, MYA, Antimicrobial Textiles, Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles, 2016, Pages 19-46, 3-Microencapsulation technologies for antimicrobial textiles.

It is conceivable that the microcapsules can also be coated with metal particles via charging.

Intravenous administration is possible.

It is conceivable that after the production of the microcapsules with metal particles on the surface, a mixture of alcohol and mercaptans (SAM polymer) is added to the capsules.

In functionalized thiols, the second functional group can be chosen arbitrarily. The thiol bonds attach to the metal surface. The remaining part, that is, the second functional group of the thiol molecule, is available as a functional group for microcapsule binding.

By selecting one or more SAM polymers to be added to the microcapsules, the functional groups on the surface can be designed to be homogeneous or heterogeneous.

In addition, the length of the linker can be determined by using a suitable mercaptane.

In an exemplary embodiment, it is possible to choose ethanethiol as a short linker. For a longer linker, 11-mercapto-undecanoic acid can be selected.

Furthermore, it is possible to functionalize the surface of the microcapsules with a second polymer, for example with PEG, in order to further increase the length of the linker.

As SAM surfaces, disulfides, phosphoric acids, silanes, thiols, and polyelectrolytes can be used. In particular, acetylcysteine, dimercapto succinic acid, dimercaptopropane sulfonic acid, ethanethiol (ethyl mercaptan), dithiothreitol (DTT), dithioerythritol (DTE), captopril, coenzyme A, cysteine, penicillamine, 1-propanethiol, 2-propanethiol, glutathione, homocysteine, mesna, methanethiol (methyl mercaptan), and/or thiolphenol can be used.

Interconnection is possible.

The microcapsules containing metal nanoparticles can be produced as described above.

Subsequently, a mixture of alcohol and dithioether can be added.

One functional group R is protected.

Thus, the microcapsules are functionalized.

Then, the number or density of functionalization, and thus the number of functional groups, can be determined by the number of metal nanoparticles located on the surface of the microcapsules. This allows for the determination of the number of microcapsules K2 that react with each other through intra- or inter-crosslinking.

In the next step, the microcapsules can be introduced into the desired environmental medium, such as an adhesive (or similar).

For interpenetration, the use of 4-isocyanato butane-1-thiol is conceivable, with the NCO groups being protected.

The removal of the protective groups, and thus the activation of the functional groups R, occurs here in the still low-viscosity adhesive. The now freed NCO groups can crosslink with each other to form urea in an aqueous environment (e.g., the solvent of the adhesive).

Reference mark

BKlebebandCCoreCShell/Shell populationC1Shell 1/Shell population 1C2Shell 2/Shell population 2C3Shell 3/Shell population 2CnShell n/Shell population nCGas shellLLinkerL1Linker 1L2Linker 2Rfunctional groupR1functional group 1R2functional group 2R21functional group 21SShellS1Step 1S2Step 2S3Step 3S4Step 4SGProtective group

Claims (14)

1. A multicomponent system comprising at least one first substance and at least one second substance, wherein the first substance and the second substance are components of a multicomponent adhesive, and wherein the multicomponent system can be activated, wherein the first substance and the second substance are present in a plurality of portions of substance, wherein the first portions of substance are first capsules (K1) and are formed with at least one first functional group (R2) and are provided with a first linker (L1), and wherein the second portions of substance are second capsules (K2) and are formed with at least one second functional group (R21) and are provided with a second linker (L2), wherein the first functional group (R2) reacts with the second functional group (R21) via a covalent bond and links them to one another, and wherein the distance of the functional groups to the respective portion of substance is tuned by the respective linker (L), and wherein the first capsules K1 and the second capsules K2 are inter-crosslinked.
2. The multicomponent system according to claim 1, characterized in that the first linker (L1) is longer than the second linker (L2) or vice versa.
3. The multicomponent system according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the first portions of substance and the second portions of substance differ in that the first portions of substance are connected or connectable to a larger number of portions of substance than the second portions of substance, or vice versa.
4. The multicomponent system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the functional groups (R) are homogeneously or heterogeneously formed.
5. The multicomponent system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first portions of substance have a substantially identical size and/or in that the second portions of substance have a substantially identical size.
6. The multicomponent system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first portions of substance and the second portions of substance have a different size.
7. The multicomponent system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the multicomponent system has a network structure with interstices, wherein the network structure is being formed by portions of substance of the first substance, at least one portion of substance of the second substance being arranged in each of the interstices, at least in sections of the network structure.
8. The multicomponent system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a portion of substance of the first substance and/or of the second substance is arranged in a nanocapsule and/or microcapsule.
9. The multicomponent system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the capsule (K1) of the first substance has a different size than the capsule (K2) of the second substance, in particular wherein the capsule (K1) of the first substance is larger than the capsule (K2) of the second substance.
10. The multicomponent system according to claim 8 or claim 9, characterized in that the capsules (K1) of the first substance have an identical size.
11. The multicomponent system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the activation of the multicomponent system is effected by at least one change of pressure, pH, UV radiation, osmosis, temperature, light intensity, humidity, or the like.
12. The multicomponent system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first substance and the second substance are components of a two-component adhesive.
13. A method for producing a multicomponent system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the multicomponent system can be activated, comprising the following steps:

    - the first portions of substance are formed with at least one first functional group (R2) and provided with a first linker (L1),

    - the second portions of substance are formed with at least one second functional group (R21) and provided with a second linker (L2),

    - the first functional group (R2) reacts via a predefined interaction with the second functional group (R21), so that they are bound together, and the distance of the functional groups (R2, R21) to the respective portion of substance is tuned by the respective linker (L).
14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the first portions of substance are formed with at least one third functional group (R1) and are provided with a third linker (L3), wherein the third functional group (R1) each comprises at least one protective group (SG), so that only correspondingly functionalized portions of substance of the first substance can bind to the portions of substance of the first substance, and wherein the method further comprises at least the step that the protective groups (SG) are initially present and are removed only when the first portions of substance are to be linked to one another by means of the third functional groups (R1).