HK1238187A1 - Device for delivering particles - Google Patents

Description

Device for delivering particles

The application is a divisional application, the international application number of the original application is PCT/US2015/017816, the international application date is 2015, 02, 26, the national application number is 201580010583.9, the date of entering China is 2016, 08, 25, and the invention name is 'a device for delivering particles'.

Cross Reference to Related Applications

This application claims priority to application No. 61/945,021, filed on 26/2/2014, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Background

The ability to deliver drugs through the surface of the skin (transdermal delivery) can provide a number of advantages over oral or parenteral delivery techniques. In particular, transdermal delivery can provide a safe, convenient, non-invasive alternative to conventional drug delivery systems, conveniently avoiding major problems with oral administration (e.g., variable rates of absorption and metabolism, gastrointestinal irritation and/or bitter or unpleasant drug taste) or parenteral delivery (e.g., needle pain, risk of introducing infection while treating an individual, risk of contamination or risk of infection to medical personnel due to accidental needle stick injuries and disposal of used needles). In addition, transdermal delivery can provide a high degree of control over the blood concentration of the administered drug.

Known needleless injectors deliver drug particles via supersonic gas flow entrainment. Needleless injectors can be used for transdermal delivery of powdered pharmaceutical compounds and compositions, for delivery of genetic material into living cells (e.g., gene therapy), and for delivery of biological agents to the skin, muscle, blood or lymph. Needleless injectors may also be used in conjunction with surgery to deliver drugs and biological agents to organ surfaces, solid tumors, and/or surgical cavities (e.g., tumor bed or cavity after tumor resection). In theory, almost any pharmaceutical formulation capable of being prepared in a substantially solid, particulate form can be safely and easily delivered using such a device.

The needleless injector may have an elongate tubular converging-diverging nozzle with a rupturable membrane initially closing a passage through the nozzle, with the membrane disposed generally adjacent the upstream end of the nozzle. Particles of therapeutic agent to be delivered can be disposed adjacent the rupturable membrane, in the cartridge, and can be delivered using an energizing method (energizing means) that applies a gas pressure to the upstream side of the membrane sufficient to rupture the membrane and then generates a supersonic gas stream (containing particles of therapeutic agent or drug) through the nozzle for delivery from the downstream end thereof. Thus, the particles can be delivered from the needleless syringe at very high speeds, which are readily obtainable by the rupture of the rupturable membrane. The passage through the nozzle may have an upstream converging portion, leading through a throat to a downstream diverging portion. The converging-diverging passageway is used to accelerate the gas to supersonic velocities. The gas first reaches mach 1 at the throat, and then is accelerated to a steady state supersonic velocity by the downstream diverging section (the downstream divergence).

Needleless injectors can deliver particles over a wide range of speeds, and the particles may be unevenly distributed over the target surface space. Variations in particle velocity can make it difficult to deliver highly effective powdered drugs, vaccines, etc. to a specific target layer within the skin. Furthermore, the spatial non-uniformity may cause problems that would improve if a more uniform spatial distribution could be achieved. Further, considering that flow within a needleless injector may limit the maximum size of the target region of the target tissue through which particles may propagate, thereby limiting the payload size of the largest particles.

Furthermore, the rupture of the rupturable membrane may make the operation of the syringe quite noisy, which is a disadvantage, for example, when treating children. The use of needleless injectors which are quiet to operate and which can spread particles to a larger target area, and which are suitably evenly distributed over the target area, is advantageous. By spreading the particles of the payload to a larger target area where the uniformity of particle distribution is good, a larger payload can be delivered.

Summary of The Invention

A transdermal delivery system is disclosed which must include the use of a needleless syringe to deliver a powder (i.e., a solid drug containing particles) into and through the intact skin (intact skin) in a controlled dose.

Devices for delivering particles are disclosed. The device may have a compressed gas container filled with compressed gas. The device may have a trigger with a user interface, such as a depressible button or switch, and a gas container interface, such as a pin (pin). The device may have a disengageable safety interlock configured to prevent actuation of the trigger. The device may have one or more gas flow channels. The apparatus may have a particle container, e.g. a particle cassette, containing particles. The device may have a delivery port. The particle container may be disposed in the gas flow path between the gas container and the delivery port.

The device may have a cover or case. The safety interlock may be secured to the housing. The housing may be translatable along a longitudinal axis of the housing relative to the user interface. The safety interlock may be configured to prevent actuation of the trigger when the housing is in the locked first position with respect to the user interface. The safety interlock may be configured to allow actuation of the user interface when the housing is in the unlocked second position with respect to the user interface.

When the housing is in a first position with respect to the user interface, a safety interlock may be engageably (engagably) embedded in the user interface for interfering with the mating of the user interface and preventing actuation of the user interface.

The safety interlock may have or be a latch.

At least a portion of the safety interlock may be removably connected to the housing. The safety interlock may be within at least a portion of the user interface when the safety interlock is in the locked position. When activated, the user interface may be configured to disengage a gas container interface, such as a closure for a gas cylinder, from a gas container.

The gas container interface may have a removably attachable shroud on the gas container. The safety interlock may have a triangular blocking element.

The particles to be delivered may include a powdered therapeutic agent. Wherein the therapeutic agent may be an anesthetic, such as lidocaine.

Methods for delivering particles are disclosed that may include disengaging a safety interlock on a particle delivery device. The device may have a safety interlock, a trigger, a compressed gas, and particles to be delivered. The method may include activating a trigger. Activating the trigger may include releasing compressed gas. The method may further comprise directing the released gas towards the particles. The method may include accelerating the particles. Accelerating the particles may include the released gas providing an accelerating force on the particles.

Disengagement of the safety interlock may include moving the blocking element from a position of the user interface that blocks actuation to a position of the user interface that does not block actuation. Moving the obstruction member from a position that obstructs actuation may include moving the housing relative to the user interface.

The obstruction element may extend from the shell parallel to a longitudinal axis of the shell. Disengaging the safety interlock may include breaking or bending the blocking member. The obstruction member may be connected to and extend from the housing.

The housing may be detachably connected to the obstructing member. Disengagement of the safety interlock may include disengaging the obstruction member from the housing.

The method may further comprise ejecting the accelerated particles from an outlet of the apparatus.

Devices for delivering particles are disclosed. The apparatus may have a gas supply, and a particle cassette. The gas supply may be configured to supply gas under pressure. The particle cassette can hold the particles to be delivered in the container inside the particle cassette. The particle cassette may have a cassette housing with a male (male) cassette part coupled to a female (female) cassette part, and one or two cassette membranes, e.g. a first membrane at the port of the male cassette part and a second membrane at the port of the female cassette part. The cartridge housing may be made of an Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) copolymer of about 18% to about 28% Vinyl Acetate (VA), more narrowly from about 18% to about 27% VA, more narrowly from about 18% to about 20% VA, such as 18% VA.

The cartridge housing may have a central channel with an inner diameter of 5mm to 7 mm. The central passage diameter may be equal to one or both of the male or female cassette part port diameters. The cartridge central channel may have an inner diameter of 5.8mm to 6.5 mm.

The cassette membrane may be made of polycarbonate. The cassette membrane may be 100% polycarbonate. The film may be 10 to 30 microns thick.

Methods for delivering particles are disclosed. The method may include storing the particles in a cartridge having a cartridge housing and a cartridge membrane. The method may include delivering compressed gas to an exterior of the cartridge. The method may further comprise rupturing the cartridge, e.g. the cartridge membrane, with the compressed gas. The method may further comprise accelerating the particles out of the cartridge using a compressed gas. The compressed gas may deliver greater than 40% of the particles in the cartridge, more narrowly greater than 70%. The compressed gas may deliver 40-85% of the particles in the cartridge, more narrowly 40-70% of the particles, or 60-85% of the particles.

Devices for delivering particles are disclosed. The apparatus may include a compressed gas container, a gas flow passage, a particle cassette, and a silencer. The silencer may be radially outward of the gas flow passage. The silencer may be made of foam. The foam may comprise cellular polyurethane. The silencer may be in the gas flow passage. The compressed gas container may comprise compressed gas at a pressure of 25 to 60 bar.

The device may have a nozzle. At least the length of the gas flow passage may extend in the nozzle. The silencer may be radially outward of the nozzle.

The nozzles may be radially expandable along the longitudinal axis of the device.

The device may have a cover. The silencer may be inside the hood. The silencer may be embedded in the cover. The cover may be injection molded (e.g., by bi-injection molding) around the muffler.

The silencer may include a nozzle having an inner wall that is foam coated.

Brief description of several views of the drawings

Fig. 1a shows a variation (variation) of the delivery device.

FIG. 1b is a variation of the cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1 a.

Fig. 1c to 1e are variants of the close-up view B-B of fig. 1B, showing only some elements for illustration purposes, the buttons being in locked, unlocked and pressed (depressed) positions, respectively.

FIG. 1 c' is a variation of the close-up view B-B of FIG. 1 c.

Fig. 2a shows a variant of the cylinder housing.

Figure 2b is a variation of the cross-sectional view C-C of figure 2 a.

Fig. 2c is a perspective view of the housing of fig. 2 a.

Fig. 3a shows a variant of a compressed gas cylinder.

Figure 3b is a variation of the cross-sectional view D-D of figure 3 a.

Fig. 4a shows a variation of compliant ball spacer (compliant ball spacer).

Fig. 4b is a variation of the cross-sectional view E-E of fig. 4 a.

Fig. 4c is a top view of the compliant ball spacer of fig. 4 a.

Fig. 5a shows a variant of the filter.

Figure 5b is a cross-sectional view of a variation of the filter.

Fig. 6a shows a variant of the expansion chamber.

Figure 6b is a variant of the cross-sectional view F-F of the expansion chamber.

Figure 7a shows a variant of the nozzle.

Fig. 7b is a variation of the cross-sectional view G-G of fig. 7 a.

Fig. 8a shows a variant of the holder.

Fig. 8b is a variation of the cross-sectional view H-H of fig. 8 a.

Fig. 9a shows a variant of a cross-sectional view of the muffler cover.

Fig. 9b shows a variant of a three-dimensional view of the muffler cover.

Fig. 10 shows a variant of the silencer filler (packing).

Fig. 11 shows a variant of the spring.

Figure 12a shows a variant of the cross-sectional view of the cap.

Figure 12b shows a variation of the three-dimensional view of the cover.

Figure 13a shows a variant of the cross-section of the push-button.

Fig. 13b shows a variation of the three-dimensional view of the button.

Fig. 13c shows a variation of the top view of the button.

Fig. 14 shows a variant of the cartridge.

Figure 15a shows a variant of the male cassette part.

Fig. 15b is a variation of the cross-sectional view J-J of fig. 15 a.

Figure 16a shows a variant of the concave box portion.

Fig. 16b is a variation of the cross-sectional view K-K of fig. 16 a.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1a shows a powder delivery device 1 (i.e., a needle-free injector) that can deliver particles to a treatment surface, such as an organ surface, like the skin or dermis. The delivery device 1 may have a delivery device longitudinal axis 32, a delivery device transverse axis 34, and a delivery device length 36. The delivery device length 36 may be between about 1400mm to 1700mm, more narrowly, between about 1600mm to 1675mm, e.g., about 1450mm, about 1500mm, about 1550mm, about 1600mm, about 1650mm, about 1675mm, and about 1700 mm.

Fig. 1b shows that the delivery device 1 may have a cylinder housing 2, a compressed gas container, a pressure vessel, or a pressure cylinder 4, a Compliant Ball Spacing (CBS)6, a filter 8, an expansion chamber 10, a nozzle 12, a retainer 14, a muffler cover 16, a muffler filler material or filler 18, a spring 20, a shell or cover 22, a button user interface 24, a cartridge 200 having a male cartridge portion 26 and a female cartridge portion 28, a delivery device opening 30, or any combination thereof.

The silencer can reduce the sound when the delivery device 1 is driven. The muffler may have a muffler cover 16 and a muffler filler 18.

The delivery device 1 can homogenize particles on the surface.

FIGS. 1c and 1 c' show that the device may have a safety interlock 114. The safety interlock may be secured to the housing 22 and extend from the housing 22. The safety interlock 114 may be a continuous (contiguous), unitary triangular latch that extends around a point or side of the aperture in the housing 22 where the button 24 is located. The safety interlock may prevent the button 24 from being depressed and activated, minimizing or eliminating the risk of inadvertent activation of the device (i.e., release of compressed gas and delivery of particles), on the radially inner side of the button (shown in FIG. 1 c) and/or inserted into a button seat (button seat)208 (shown in FIG. 1 c') disposed in a notch or slot on the button 24.

Safety interlock 114 may have tabs (tab) or a safety shield on the radially outer surface of button 24. Prior to unlocking the device 1, the tabs or safety shield may be bent to clear the button 24 or snapped off to disengage the remainder of the safety interlock 114.

The safety interlock 114 may be biased to remain in the button base 208 or pressed against the button base 208, or in a position that weakens (impair) or prevents the button 24 from being depressed (depression).

The spring 20 may transmit a force in parallel along the longitudinal axis of the device towards the distal end of the device 1, pressing the cylinder housing 2 distally as indicated by the arrow. The cylinder housing 2 may be longitudinally fixed to the button pin 48 and the button 24. The spring force may be transferred through the cylinder housing 2 to the push button 24, maintaining the locked position of the push button 24 to the safety interlock 114 in the absence of a sufficiently large external force opposing the spring force.

Fig. 1d shows that the button 24 (and other elements fixed to the button, such as the remainder of the trigger) can overcome the spring force and be slidably translated (as indicated by arrow 204) relative to the housing 22 and parallel to the device longitudinal axis 32 (and/or housing longitudinal axis). The button 24 and/or the housing 22 may be translated relative to one another, as indicated by arrows 206, which serve to disengage the interference fit (interference fit) of the safety interlock 114 from the button 24. The radially outer surface of the stepped-down portion 116a of the button 24 is slidable relative to the inside of the shell 22. After safety interlock 114 is disengaged from push button 24, push button 24 may be depressed unimpeded by safety interlock 114 (i.e., translated radially or laterally toward the center of the device).

When the distal end of the delivery device 1 is pressed against a surface (e.g., against the palm of a user's hand, the back of his hand, or the skin to which the particles are to be delivered), the cylinder housing 2 may be proximally translated relative to the shell 22, as indicated by arrow 205, for example by pressing on the distal end of the muffler cover 16. The cylinder housing 2 may proximally translate the button 24 relative to the housing 22 as indicated by arrow 204. The button 24 may then be disengaged and unlocked from the safety interlock 114 unimpeded.

FIG. 1e shows that after the safety interlock 114 is disengaged, the button 24 can be pressed and/or actuated at contact portion 116b, as indicated by the arrow. When the button 24 is pressed and/or actuated, the cylinder 4 holding the compressed gas (e.g., helium) may be broken. When the cylinder 4 is broken, compressed gas can escape from the cylinder 4. Gas can pass through the gas flow channels from any portion of the cylinder (e.g., top, middle, or bottom) through the CBS 6. The gas may pass through a filter 8. Gas may enter the expansion chamber 10. As pressure builds up in the expansion chamber 10, gas can enter the cartridge 200. The gas may enter the cartridge by rupturing the membrane. The gas may carry particles (e.g., drug particles, therapeutic agents, solids, drug substances, or any combination thereof) located in the cartridge 200 and emit them through the nozzle 12. The nozzle 12 may accelerate the velocity of the gas and/or particles. The gas and/or particles may exit through the delivery device opening 30.

The button 24 may have a ram or button pin 48 extending radially toward the center of the device. When the button 24 is depressed, the button pin 48 may push or break open the cylinder 4, or push a secondary (e.g., cylinder housing) pin, releasing compressed gas stored in the cylinder 4, for example, by breaking or pushing off a cap at the end of the cylinder 4. The button 24, button pin 48 and possibly a secondary pin and/or a cap at the end of the cylinder 4 may be part or all of a trigger for releasing the compressed gas and activating the means for delivering the particles.

Fig. 2a to 2c show a cylinder housing 2 that can accommodate a cylinder 4 (e.g., filled with pressurized helium, oxygen, carbon dioxide, or a combination thereof). The cylinder housing 2 may have a housing length 44, a housing opening 38, a housing port 40, a housing bracket 42, a housing tip 52, or any combination thereof. The cylinder housing 2 may be made of polycarbonate or any other material suitable for the cylinder housing 2. The housing length 44 may be between about 90mm and 120mm, more narrowly, between about 100mm and 115mm, for example, about 105mm, about 108mm, about 108.5mm, about 110mm, and about 115 mm.

The housing opening 38 is at the distal end of the cylinder housing 2. The housing opening 38 may allow the cylinder 4 to be inserted into the cylinder housing 2. When the trigger is actuated, gas may exit the housing opening 38.

The housing port 40 may be located at the proximal or distal end of the cylinder housing 2. The housing port 40 may be located at a lateral side of the cylinder housing 2. The housing port 40 may be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder housing 2. The housing port 40 may be coupled to the button 24. The housing port 40 may allow entry of the pin 48 when the delivery device 1 is actuated by the button 24. The pin 48 may break the top of the cylinder 50.

The housing bracket 42 may stabilize the cylinder housing 2 within the hood 22. The housing bracket 42 may be a circular latch. The housing bracket 42 and the inner cylindrical shell may be a circular latch. The housing bracket 42 may extend radially outward from a longitudinal axis of the cylinder housing 2. The housing tip 52 may be proximal to the cylinder housing 2 and/or the delivery device 1. The housing tip 52 may be coupled to the spring 20.

The cylinder housing 2 can have an electronic or mechanical sensor. An electronic or mechanical sensor may alert the user, ensuring that the cylinder 4 is secured (secured) in the cylinder housing 2. The cylinder housing 2 may have sensors for determining when the cylinder 4 is full and/or empty. The cylinder housing 2 may have an ejection mechanism. The ejection mechanism may be on the cylinder housing 2 and/or on the remainder of the delivery device 1. The ejection mechanism can eject the cylinder 4 from the cylinder housing 2.

Fig. 3a and 3b show a cylinder 4 which can hold compressed gas. The cylinder 4 may have a cylinder length 54, a cylinder compartment 56, a cylinder ramp 58, a cylinder top 50, or any combination thereof. The cylinder 4 may be made of aluminum, steel, polycarbonate, or any combination thereof. The cylinder length 54 may be between about 65mm and 75mm, more narrowly, between about 69mm and 73mm, such as about 70mm, about 70.8mm, about 71mm, about 71.3mm, and about 72 mm.

The cylinder compartment 56 may hold compressed gas. The cylinder compartment 56 may have an inner wall and an outer wall. The compressed gas may be filled at a pressure greater than about 10bar, or, more narrowly, greater than about 100 bar. The compressed gas may be filled at a pressure of from about 25 to about 60 bar. When the delivery device 1 is actuated (e.g., by pressing a button), the high velocity compressed gas can carry the particles to the desired target location.

The cylinder top 50 may be located at the proximal or distal end of the device 1. The cylinder top 50 may have a tapered neck leading to a cylinder compartment 56. When the cylinder top 50 is notched, the compressed gas can escape. A notch may occur when the trigger is actuated. For example, the indentation of the cylinder top 50 may occur through the action of the pin 48, and the pin 48 may be controlled and/or coupled to the button 24. The pin 48 may break off a portion of the cylinder top 50.

The cylinder top 50 may have a mask to prevent gas from leaking before the delivery device 1 is actuated. When the device 1 is actuated, the covering may be pierced to allow gas to escape from the cylinder 4.

Cylinder ramp 58 can be located at the distal or proximal end of cylinder 4. The cylinder ramp 58 may have a depression. The cylinder ramp 58 may curve inward toward the cylinder compartment 56. The cylinder ramp 58 may be coupled to the CBS 6. The cylinder ramp 58 may have a shroud to prevent gas leakage. When the delivery device 1 is actuated, the covering can be destroyed by the compressed gas.

Fig. 4a to 4c show that the compliant spacer balls (CBS)6 may be shims. The CBS 6 may have at least one, two, three, four, or more hollow portions 60, a CBS base 61, a CBS tip 62, a CBS height 64, a CBS diameter 66, or any combination thereof. CBS 6 can be made from Santoprene (Santoprene), High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS), or any combination thereof. For example, the CBS tip 62 may be made of santoprene and the CBS base 61 may be made of HIPS. The CBS diameter 66 may be between about 15mm and 20mm, more narrowly, between about 18mm and 19mm, for example, about 18mm, about 18.8mm, and about 19 mm. The CBS height may be between about 8mm to 10mm, for example, about 8.8mm, about 9mm, and about 9.2 mm. The CBS 6 may be circular, square, triangular, or any combination thereof. The CBS 6 may be coupled to the cylinder 4, the filter 8, the nozzle 12, the cartridge 200 (i.e., the male cartridge portion 26, the female cartridge portion 28), the expansion chamber 10, or any combination thereof. For example, the CBS tip 62 may be coupled to and/or directed toward the cylinder 4. The CBS base 61 may be coupled to the filter 8. CBS 6 may prevent/reduce gas leakage.

The hollow portion 60 may allow gas to enter the cartridge 200. The hollow portion 60 may have a first opening 60a at the CBS tip. The hollow portion 60 may have a second opening 60b at the bottom of the CBS. Gas may flow from the first opening 60a through the second opening 60 b. The diameter of the first opening 60a may be equal, smaller, or larger than the second opening 60 b. The hollow portion 60 may be circular, oval, square, triangular, or any combination thereof.

Fig. 5a shows at least one, two or more filters 8 which can filter any foreign substances (foreign substances) in the gas. The filter 8 may be made of stainless steel (e.g., 316L stainless steel), plastic (e.g., polypropylene), or any combination thereof. The filter 8 may be circular, oval, triangular, rectangular, square, or any combination thereof. The filter 8 may be porous, mesh-like, or any other material that allows gas to flow through. The filter 8 may have pores. The holes may be triangular, square, rectangular, oval, circular, or any combination thereof.

The filter 8 may be coupled to an end of the CBS 6 (e.g., the second opening 60b), the expansion chamber 10, the nozzle 12, the cylinder 4, or any combination thereof. The filter 8 may be adjusted to fit the size of the delivery device 1. For example, the filter 8 may be sized to fit between the CBS 6 and the expansion chamber 10.

The filter may have a filter diameter 67. The filter diameter 67 may be between about 17mm and 20mm, more narrowly, between about 18mm and 19mm, for example, about 18mm, about 18.5mm, and about 19 mm.

Fig. 5b shows a filter 8 having a filter thickness 68. The filter thickness 68 may be between about.1 mm to about.25 mm, more narrowly, between about.1 mm and.2 mm, e.g., about.1 mm, about.15 mm, and.2 mm.

Fig. 6a and 6b show an expansion chamber 10 that can hold the cartridge 200 in place. The expansion chamber 10 may hold a full, partially filled, or empty cassette 200 in place. The expansion chamber 10 may allow the gas pressure from the cylinder 4 to build up. The expansion chamber 10 may increase pressure to accelerate the gas. The expansion chamber 10 may be made of high impact polystyrene. The expansion chamber 10 may be coupled to the filter 8, the CBS 6, the cartridge 200, the nozzle 12, or any combination thereof.

The expansion chamber 10 may have a first expansion chamber opening 70a, a second expansion chamber opening 70b, an intermediate portion 72, an inner wall, and an outer wall. The first expansion chamber opening 70a may have a first tapered portion 74a at the end (i.e., at the edge) of the first expansion chamber opening 70 a. The first tapered portion 74a may taper inwardly with respect to the expansion chamber 10. The first expansion chamber opening 70a may have a straight line portion. The straight portion may be connected to the first tapered portion 74 a. The first expansion chamber opening 70a may have a larger, smaller or equal diameter than the second expansion chamber opening 70 b. The second expansion chamber 70b may have a second tapered portion 74b at the end of the second expansion chamber opening 70 b. The second conical portion 74b may taper inwardly with respect to the expansion chamber 10. The second expansion chamber opening 70b may have an arc-shaped portion. The arcuate portion may be connected to the second conical portion 74 b. The intermediate portion 72 may have a narrower portion (or may have a smaller diameter) than the first expansion chamber opening 70a and/or the second expansion chamber opening 70 b. The intermediate portion 72 may be curved, straight, or any combination thereof.

Fig. 7a and 7b show a nozzle 12 which can accelerate the discharged gas. The nozzle 12 may be made of high impact polystyrene. The nozzle 12 may be coupled to the expansion chamber 10, the filter 8, the cartridge 200, the cylinder 4, or any combination thereof. The nozzle 12 may be an elongated, tubular conduit. The nozzle 12 can handle pressures greater than or equal to 20 bar. The nozzle 12 may have a nozzle length 76 of between about 50mm and 75mm, more narrowly, about 55mm to 65mm, for example, about 60 mm.

The nozzle 12 may have at least one, two, three, four, or more fins 78. The fins 12 may be coupled to a tapered tube 79, the shroud 22, the housing 2, or any combination thereof. The fins may be radially located on the tapered tube 79. The fins 78 may extend outwardly relative to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle 12. The fins 78 may provide structural rigidity.

The nozzle 12 may have an upper converging portion 80, a lower diverging portion 82, and a throat 84 connecting the upper converging portion 80 and the lower diverging portion 82. The converging-diverging section may be used to accelerate the gas to supersonic velocity or any other desired velocity. The gas may first reach mach 1 or any other desired velocity at the throat. The downstream diverging portion may accelerate the gas to a steady supersonic velocity or any other desired velocity. The nozzle 12 may have a cavity at the proximal end of the expansion chamber 10.

Fig. 8a and 8b show at least one, two, or more holders 14 that can hold the nozzle-housing assembly in place. The first and second holders 14a, 14b may be located on the sides of the delivery device 1. The holder 14 may be made of polycarbonate. The retainer 14 may have a retainer opening 85. The retainer opening 85 may be at the top of the retainer 14. The retainer opening 85 may assist in installation. The holder 14 may have a holder space 87. The retainer space 87 may lock the nozzle 12 into place.

Fig. 9a and 9b show a muffler cover 16 that can contain a muffler filler 18. The muffler cover 16 may be made of high impact polystyrene, polyurethane, or any combination thereof. The muffler cover 16 may have a cylindrical shape (cylinder shape). The muffler cover 16 may be coupled to the muffler filler 18, the nozzle 12, the filter 8, the cover 22, the housing 2, the retainer 14, or any combination thereof. The muffler cover 16 may surround and/or enclose all or a portion of the nozzle 12. The muffler cover 16 may be sized to fit within the cover 22 such that a portion of the muffler cover 16 (e.g., the distal end of the muffler cover 16) is not covered or surrounded by the cover 22. A portion of the muffler cover 16 may extend from the cover 22. The muffler cover 16 may have a muffler cover outer diameter 88, a muffler cover inner diameter 90, a muffler cover length 92, at least one, two, three, four, five, six, or more gaps (gaps) 94, a muffler gap width 96, a muffler gap length 98, a muffler cover longitudinal axis 100, or any combination thereof.

The muffler cover outer diameter 88 may be between about 25mm and 35mm, more narrowly between about 25mm and 30mm, for example, about 29mm and about 30 mm. The muffler cover inner diameter 90 may be between about 15mm and 20mm, more narrowly, between about 16mm and 18mm, for example, about 17 mm. The muffler cover length 92 may be between about 50mm and 100mm, more narrowly, between about 60mm and 70mm, for example, about 64mm, about 64.6mm, and about 65 mm. The muffler notch width 96 may be between about 5mm and 10mm, more narrowly, between about 6mm and 9mm, for example, about 7mm and about 8 mm. The muffler notch length 98 may be between about 5mm and 15mm, more narrowly, between about 8mm and 12mm, for example, about 10mm, about 11mm, and about 12 mm.

The notch 94 may be located on the muffler cover 16. The gap may allow gas to escape. The indentations 94 may be circular, triangular, square, rectangular, diamond shaped, or any combination thereof. At least the first notch 94a, the second notch 94b, and/or the third notch 94c can be in the first row. At least the fourth notch 94d, the fifth notch 94e, and/or the sixth notch 94f can be in the second row. The first and second rows may be on the same side of the muffler cover 16. The first row may be directly above the second row. The first and second rows may be on either side of the muffler cover 16. The first and second notches 94a, 94b may be adjacent to each other. The first notch 94a and the second notch 94b may each have a first side surface (side). The first side of the first notch 94a and the first side of the second notch 94b may be parallel or perpendicular to each other.

Fig. 10 shows a silencer filling 18 that can suppress noise generated when the delivery device 1 is driven. Muffler filler 18 may be unitary. Muffler filler 18 may have a first portion and a second portion. The muffler filler 18 may be made of sound attenuating (dambening) or sound attenuating foam. The muffler foam may be injected as a liquid into the muffler chamber and cured and solidified (cure and solid). The muffler foam may be spray coated onto the inner surface of the muffler chamber, cured and solidified. Curing may be by UV exposure and/or exposure to air and/or time.

The silencer foam may be a solid block of flexible or rigid foam that is die-cut from a larger block of solid foam. Muffler filler 18 may be made of urethane (e.g., cellular polyurethane).

The muffler filler 18 may be inserted within the muffler cover 16. The shell 22 may have a muffler chamber 220 configured to store the muffler filler 18. The muffler chamber 220 may be defined by a portion or all of the interior surface of the muffler cover 16. The solid foam may be slidably inserted into muffler chamber 220. The sound attenuating foam may have a cylindrical shape prior to insertion into the muffler chamber or may be shaped as shown in fig. 10 and elastically deformed when inserted into the muffler chamber. For example, all sides of the muffler chamber may be closed, except for an inlet (intake port) for receiving liquid muffler filler 18 (e.g., before curing) and an outlet for venting when injecting liquid muffler filler 18.

The muffler filler 18 may be attached to the inner circumference of the muffler cover 16. The muffler filler 18 may cover the inner circumference of the muffler cover 16. Muffler filler 18 may surround the outer circumference of the muffler of muffler cover 16. Muffler filler 18 may surround/encircle (surround) the entire nozzle 12 or a portion of nozzle 12. Muffler filler 18 may be made by double injection molding. The muffler filler 18 may be molded within the muffler cover 16. Muffler filler 18 may be square, rectangular, circular, oval, or any combination thereof.

The muffler filler 18 may have a muffler filler length 102 of between about 60mm and 70mm, for example, about 66 mm. Muffler filler 18 may have a muffler filler height 104 of between about 40mm and 55mm, for example, about 49 mm. Muffler filler 18 may have a muffler filler width (i.e., thickness) 106 of between about.01 mm and 2mm, for example, about 1.8 mm.

Muffler filler 18 may be coated on the inner surface of nozzle 12 that contacts the gas passage.

The muffler including the muffler filler 18 may act as a shock absorber (vibration damper) and an acoustic barrier (sound barrier) for the apparatus 1. Muffler filler 18 minimizes noise generated by the actuation of delivery device 1. The porous nature of the polyurethane may allow gas to escape after actuation of the device 1. The escape of gas through the apertures may prevent or reduce gas in the area of the nozzle 12. The accumulation of gas can create a back pressure that affects the amount of drug discharged, the uniformity of the drug, and/or the force emitted. For example, the noise level (sound level) of the silencer filler 18 may be less than about 85dB without gas accumulation during use. The holes in the muffler filler 18 may be circular, square, rectangular, diamond shaped, oval, triangular, or any combination thereof.

Fig. 11 shows a spring 20 that may assist the safety interlock function of the delivery device 1. The spring 20 may engage and disengage (engage and disengage) the delivery device 1 interlock function (i.e., the triangular latch or safety interlock 114). Spring 20 may be made of nickel-plated stainless steel (e.g., stainless steel 302). The spring 20 may be located at the proximal end of the device 1. When the delivery device 1 is pressed against a surface, the spring 20 may be compressed. The spring 20 may be coupled to the housing tip 52. When no force is otherwise applied, the spring 20 may bias (i.e., push) some elements of the device 1 relative to the housing 22, including, for example, the trigger (e.g., the button 24 and the pin 48), toward the distal end of the housing 22. For example, when no external force is applied to translate button 24 relative to housing 22 to unlock button 24, spring 20 may force button 24 into a locked position against safety interlock 114.

Fig. 12a and 12b show a cover 22 that may be the housing of the delivery device 1. The shroud may allow a user to actuate the delivery device 1 with one hand. The cover 22 may be made of high impact polystyrene. The cover 22 may be ergonomic to the user. The exterior of the cover 22 may be smooth. The exterior of the shroud 22 may be circular. The exterior of the hood 22 may be a free edge (freeof edges). The shroud 22 may have a conical shape. The shroud 22 may have a pen shape. The hood 22 may be integrated with the cylinder housing 2. The hood 22 and/or the cylinder housing 2 may enclose any combination of the elements listed in this application.

The cover 22 may have an opening for the button 24. The shroud 22 may have a shroud opening 108. The cover opening 108 may allow a portion of the muffler cover 16 to protrude. The cover 22 may have a cover side opening 110. The hood side opening 110 may be a latch opening for the cylinder housing 2. The shroud 22 may have a V-shaped ridge 112 that surrounds a portion of the button 24. The ridge 112 may protect the button 24. The hood 22 may have a positioning fin (fin) for the cylinder housing 2.

It is shown in fig. 13a to 13c that the button 24 may be made of polycarbonate. The buttons 24 may be triangular, circular, oval, square, or any combination thereof. The button 24 may have a button surface 116.

The button surface 116 may be skewed or inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the device. The button surface 116 may have a stepped portion 116a that is lower than the contact portion 116 b. A portion of the contact portion 116b may be at the same level as the ridge 112.

The button may have one or more catches 119 extending towards the centre of the device 1. The catch 119 may be coupled to the housing 2. The catch 119 may engage an internal flange (lips) of the device 1 to prevent radial separation of the button from the remainder of the device 1.

The button 24 may have a safety interlock engagement interface such as a groove, slot, notch, or button seat 208. (the safety interlock engagement interface shown herein is female and the safety interlock is male, but the safety interlock engagement interface may be male, e.g., a tab (tab), a latch, a tack (brad), a prong (prong), or combinations thereof, and the safety interlock may be female, e.g., a groove, a slot, a notch, a base, or combinations thereof.)

The interaction between the safety interlock engagement interface and the safety interlock prevents the pushbutton 24 from being actuated in an unsupported state (free state) by a small triangular shaped latch 114 on the cover 22 and/or the pushbutton 24. The triangular latch 114 may be at the proximal or distal end of the device 1. The triangular latch 114 may be proximal or distal to the button 24.

When the end of the muffler cover 16 of the delivery device 1 is pressed onto or against a surface, the button 24 can be lifted off the triangular latch 114. For example, the button 24 may be lifted off the triangular latch 114 by moving the triangular latch 114 proximally or distally relative to the button 24. When the button 24 is lifted off the triangular latch 114, the button 24 can be depressed. Button 24 may cause gas cylinder 4 to open (e.g., the top of cylinder 50 is ruptured by pin 48) to release gas and create a gas flow in device 1 to deliver particles in cartridge 200. The button 24 may remain in a depressed state after the delivery device 1 is actuated. The button 24 may not return to its original position after the delivery device 1 is actuated.

Fig. 14 shows that cartridge 200 may have a cartridge housing 204, housing openings (e.g., one on top and one on bottom, not shown), and one or two cartridge membrane particle compartments. Within the cartridge 200, the cartridge 200 may have a cartridge container. The cartridge housing 204 may be made of a single part or two parts, a male (male) cartridge part 26 and a female (female) cartridge part 28, which may be coupled for encapsulating (enclose) particles. The cartridge container may contain a dose of particles, such as particles for therapeutic (e.g., anesthetic agents such as lidocaine, insulin, epinephrine/epinephrine) or diagnostic use.

The cartridge 200 may have an open cartridge port 208 on one or both sides of the housing. The cartridge port 208 may be a cartridge channel or container in fluid communication (i.e., a channel), e.g., including particles (i.e., powder). The open cassette port 208 may be covered by a cassette membrane 210. The cartridge membrane 210 may be made of polycarbonate, for example 100% polycarbonate. The cartridge membrane 210 may be heated to seal the cartridge housing 204.

The cartridge housing 204 may have a cartridge housing height 214 of from about 2mm to about 5mm, more narrowly from about 3.5mm to about 4mm, such as about 3.79mm, or about 4 mm. The cartridge housing 204 may have a cartridge housing diameter 212 of from about 5mm to about 15mm, more narrowly from about 10mm to about 15mm, for example, about 11mm or about 11.1 mm.

The cartridge housing 204 may be made of a polymer, for example, Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA). EVA is a copolymer of ethylene and Vinyl Acetate (VA): the EVA may be a copolymer of VA with the remainder being ethylene. Two key parameters that determine their properties are the weight percent of vinyl acetate in the copolymer and the Melt Index (MI). As more vinyl acetate is added to the polymer, the crystallinity of the polyethylene is disrupted, which can reduce the melting point, modulus and hardness. VA can make the polymer more polar (more polar) and can improve adhesion to polar substrates (films) and aid solubility.

The following table lists the thermal properties of variants of the EVA copolymer. The EVA may be 40% VA. The Ring and ball (Ring andball) softening point predicts high temperature properties. The ring and sphere values of the EVA resin reflect the DSC melting point and polymer viscosity. It is possible to obtain a low melting polymer with high ring and sphere values as measured by DSC. For example, the EVA resin may be 28% VA and melt at 74 ℃, but due to its high melt strength, it may have 171 ℃ rings and spheres. Changing the melt index does not change the melting point. The EVA resin may be 28% VA, the MI may vary from about 3 to about 43, and the melting point may drop by 1 ℃.

TABLE 1 thermal Properties of EVA copolymers

Table 2 shows DSC results for high MI (low viscosity) polymers. For the same VA level, the melting point of the high MI polymer is reduced relative to the low MI (high viscosity) counterpart.

TABLE 2 high melt index

% vinyl acetate	Melt index	Melting Point (. degree.C.)	Freezing point (. degree.C.)	Ring and ball (. degree. C.)
					28	400	60	39	82
18	500	73	53	88

The melting point of the polymer reflects the upper temperature limit of the adhesive used. Above the melting point, the polymer is a viscous liquid and may creep or fail (fail). The freezing point of the polymer may influence the freezing rate (set speed). The polymer may solidify, for example, at 80 ℃ or 40 ℃, and polymers with high freezing points can solidify more quickly.

For example, the cartridge may be made from EVA of about 18% to about 28% VA. The softening temperature may be less than 150 ℃ and the freezing point may be from about 40 ℃ to about 50 ℃. A softening temperature of 150 ℃ may allow the EVA cartridge housing 204 to melt and stick to the cartridge membrane 210 (e.g., polycarbonate membrane). During cooling, the cartridge membrane 210 may adhere to the cartridge housing 204 and form a permanent bond.

All or a portion of the cartridge housing 204 may be made of an EVA copolymer of about 18% to about 28% VA (i.e., a copolymer having about 18% to about 28% VA with the remainder being ethylene), more narrowly, about 18% to about 27% VA, still more narrowly, about 18% to about 20% VA, e.g., about 18% VA. The composition of the EVA copolymer may be suitable for forming the cartridge housing 204 because of the low melting point properties of EVA, when applied at high temperatures, may allow the EVA to form a permanent strong seal with the polycarbonate film (e.g., used as the cartridge film 210).

Fig. 15a and 15b show that the male box portion 26 may have a male first portion 118a with a male box outer diameter 120 and a male second portion 118b with a male box inner diameter 122. The convex box outer diameter 120 may be larger than the convex box inner diameter 122. The convex box outer diameter 120 may be between about 5mm and 15mm, more narrowly, between 10mm and 15mm, for example, about 11mm and about 11.2 mm. The convex box inner diameter 122 may be between about 4mm and 10mm, more narrowly, between about 5mm and 7mm, for example, about 6mm and about 6.1 mm.

Figures 16a and 16b show that the female cassette part 28 may be made of the same material as the male cassette part 26.

The concave box portion 28 may have a concave first portion 124a with a concave box outer diameter 126 and a concave second portion 124b with a concave box inner diameter 128. The concave box outer diameter 126 may be larger than the concave box inner diameter 128. The concave box outer diameter 126 may be between about 5mm and 15mm, more narrowly, between 10mm and 15mm, for example, about 11mm and about 11.1 mm. The concave box inside diameter 128 may be between about 4mm and 10mm, more narrowly, between about 5mm and 7mm, for example, about 6mm and about 6.1 mm.

The convex second portion 118b may be sized to fit or couple to the concave first portion 124 a. The male and female boxes form a tight seal so that particles cannot escape before the device 1 is actuated.

The cassette film 210 or film may be made of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PEEK (polyetheretherketone), polycarbonate, or any combination thereof. For example, the cassette film may be 100% PET; 100% PEEK; 100% polycarbonate; 33.3% PET, 33.3% PEEK, and 33.3% polycarbonate; or 50% PET or PEEK, and 50% polycarbonate. The cartridge 200 may be heat sealed on one or more sides with a cartridge membrane 210. The thickness of the cartridge membrane 210 may be from about 10 microns to about 30 microns, more narrowly, between about 15 microns to 24 microns, e.g., about 12 microns, about 15 microns, about 20 microns, and about 25 microns. Membrane 210 may be a barrier or closure (closure) that retains the drug substance, powder or particles within the reservoir of cartridge 200. When an energy source (e.g., 10-40bar compressed gas) is applied, the energy source may first rupture the upstream membrane 210, then rupture the downstream membrane 210, accelerate the particles out of the container and along the gas flow path (e.g., at this point, e.g., the nozzle length of the channel or path), then eject, and deliver the particles (e.g., drug substance) in cartridge 200 to the target (e.g., skin surface).

The cartridge membrane 210 may have a burst pressure (bursts) of from about 10bar to about 40 bar. When the cartridge membrane 210 is ruptured, compressed gas may pass through the cartridge.

In the present disclosure, "coupling" may refer to, but is not limited to, screwing (threaded on), interlocking, twisting (twisted), heat sealing, welding, sizing to fit, clipping (clipped on), placing on or between, snap fitting, any other known coupling by those skilled in the art, or any combination thereof.

Various changes and modifications to the disclosure and equivalent inventions (equivalents) which may be employed will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The elements of the systems, apparatuses, and methods shown in any variation of the specific embodiments are exemplary and may be used in combination with or in addition to other embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims (72)

1. A device for delivering particles, comprising:

a gas supply configured to supply a gas under pressure;

a particle cassette comprising the particles, a cassette housing and a cassette membrane, wherein the cassette housing contains from 18% to 27% of an Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) copolymer of Vinyl Acetate (VA).

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the cartridge housing has a central passage having an inner diameter of 5mm to 7 mm.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the cartridge housing has a central passage having an inner diameter of 5.8mm to 6.5 mm.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein the cartridge membrane comprises polycarbonate.

5. The device of claim 4, wherein the cartridge membrane has a thickness of 10 to 30 microns.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein the cartridge housing contains 18% to 20% VA of EVA copolymer.

7. The device of claim 6, wherein the cartridge membrane comprises polycarbonate.

8. The device of claim 7, wherein the cartridge membrane has a thickness of 10 to 30 microns.

9. The device of claim 1, wherein the cartridge housing contains 18% VA of EVA copolymer.

10. The device of claim 9, wherein the cartridge membrane comprises polycarbonate.

11. The device of claim 10, wherein the cartridge membrane has a thickness of 10 to 30 microns.

12. A device for delivering particles, comprising:

a gas supply configured to supply a gas under pressure;

a particle cassette comprising the particles, a cassette housing, and a cassette membrane, wherein the cassette housing comprises polycarbonate.

13. The device of claim 12, wherein the cartridge membrane has a thickness of 10 to 30 microns.

14. The device of claim 12, wherein the cartridge membrane is 100% polycarbonate.

15. A method for delivering particles, comprising:

storing the particles in a cartridge having a cartridge housing and a cartridge membrane,

delivering compressed gas to the exterior of the cartridge;

rupturing the cartridge with the compressed gas; and

accelerating the particles out of the cartridge with the compressed gas, wherein greater than 40% of the particles are delivered by the compressed gas.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein greater than 70% of the particles are delivered by the compressed gas.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein 40-85% of the particles are delivered by the compressed gas.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein 40-70% of the particles are delivered by the compressed gas.

19. The method of claim 15, wherein 60-85% of the particles are delivered by the compressed gas.

20. The method of claim 15, wherein the cartridge shell contains a copolymer of 18% to 28% EVA.

21. The method of claim 15, wherein the cassette housing contains a copolymer of 18% EVA.

22. The method of claim 15, wherein the cartridge membrane comprises polycarbonate.

23. The method of claim 15, wherein the cartridge membrane has a thickness of 10 to 30 microns.

24. A device for delivering particles, comprising:

a compressed gas container containing compressed gas;

a trigger comprising a user interface and a gas container interface;

a disengageable safety interlock configured to prevent actuation of the trigger;

a gas flow channel;

a particle container comprising the particles; and

a delivery opening, wherein the particle container is located in the gas flow channel between the gas container and the delivery opening.

25. The device of claim 24, further comprising a housing, and wherein the safety interlock is secured to the housing.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the housing is translatable relative to the user interface.

27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the safety interlock is configured to prevent actuation of the trigger when the housing is in a first position with respect to the user interface.

28. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the safety interlock is configured to prevent actuation of the user interface when the housing is in a first position with respect to the user interface.

29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the safety interlock is engagably embedded in the user interface for preventing actuation of the user interface when the housing is in a first position with respect to the user interface.

30. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the safety interlock is configured to allow actuation of the user interface when the housing is in a second position with respect to the user interface.

31. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the user interface is translatable relative to the safety interlock, and wherein the trigger has a first position relative to the safety interlock and a second position relative to the safety interlock.

32. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the safety interlock comprises a latch.

33. The device of claim 24, further comprising a housing, wherein at least a portion of the safety interlock is removably connected to the housing.

34. The device of claim 24, wherein the safety interlock is internal to at least a portion of the user interface when the safety interlock is in a locked position.

35. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the user interface is configured to disengage the gas container interface from the gas container when the user interface is actuated.

36. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the user interface comprises a depressible button.

37. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the gas container interface comprises a removably attachable shroud on the gas container.

38. The device of claim 24, wherein the safety interlock includes a triangular interference element.

39. The device of claim 24, wherein the particles comprise a powdered therapeutic agent.

40. The device of claim 39, wherein the therapeutic agent comprises an anesthetic.

41. A device for delivering particles, comprising:

a compressed gas container containing compressed gas;

a trigger comprising a user interface and a gas container interface;

a housing including a disengageable safety interlock configured to block actuation of the trigger;

a gas flow channel;

a particle container comprising the particles; and

a delivery port.

42. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the particle container is located in the gas flow channel between the gas container and the delivery port.

43. A method for delivering particles, comprising:

disengaging a safety interlock on a particle delivery device comprising the safety interlock, a trigger, a compressed gas, and the particles;

activating the trigger, wherein activating the trigger comprises releasing the compressed gas;

directing the released gas toward the particles;

accelerating the particle, wherein accelerating the particle comprises the released gas providing an accelerating force on the particle.

44. The method according to claim 43, wherein the trigger includes a user interface, and wherein disengaging the safety interlock includes moving an obstructing element from a position of the user interface that obstructs actuation to a position of the user interface that does not obstruct actuation.

45. The method according to claim 43, wherein the device further comprises a housing, and wherein the safety interlock is secured to the housing, and wherein moving the blocking element from a position blocking actuation comprises moving the housing relative to the user interface.

46. The method of claim 45, wherein the obstruction element extends from the shell parallel to a longitudinal axis of the shell.

47. The method according to claim 43, wherein disengaging the safety interlock comprises breaking an obstructing element.

48. The method of claim 43, wherein the device comprises a housing, and wherein the impeding element is coupled to and extends from the housing.

49. The method according to claim 43, wherein the device includes a housing and wherein the housing is detachably connected to a blocking element, and wherein disengaging the safety interlock includes detaching the blocking element from the housing.

50. The method of claim 43, wherein the device further comprises a cartridge comprising the particles and a membrane, and wherein the method.

51. The method of claim 43, further comprising ejecting the accelerated particles out of an outlet of the device.

52. A device for delivering particles, comprising:

a compressed gas container;

a gas flow channel;

a particle cassette; and

a silencer.

53. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein the silencer is radially outward of the gas flow passage.

54. The apparatus of claim 53, wherein the acoustic dampener comprises foam.

55. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein the muffler is within the gas flow passage.

56. The device of claim 55, wherein the sound dampener comprises foam.

57. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein the compressed gas container contains compressed gas at a pressure of 25 to 60 bar.

58. The apparatus according to claim 52, further comprising a nozzle, and wherein at least the length of the gas flow passage extends through the nozzle, and wherein the silencer is radially outward of the nozzle.

59. The device of claim 52, wherein at least the length of the nozzle is radially flared relative to a longitudinal axis of the device.

60. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein the acoustic dampener comprises foam.

61. The device of claim 60, wherein the foam comprises cellular polyurethane.

62. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein the silencer comprises a coating on a radially inner surface of the gas flow passage.

63. The device of claim 62, wherein the coating comprises polyurethane.

64. The device of claim 62, wherein the coating comprises foam.

65. A device for delivering particles, comprising:

a cover;

a muffler inside the hood;

a compressed gas container;

a gas flow channel; and

particles configured for delivery by a compressed gas.

66. The apparatus of claim 65, wherein the muffler is embedded in the cover.

67. The apparatus of claim 65, wherein the acoustic dampener comprises foam.

68. The device of claim 67, wherein the foam comprises cellular polyurethane.

69. The apparatus of claim 65, wherein the shroud surrounds the muffler.

70. A device for delivering particles, comprising:

a shell;

a compressed gas container;

a gas flow channel;

a particle cassette; and

a muffler, wherein the muffler is bi-injection molded within the overcoat.

71. The device of claim 70, wherein the acoustic dampener comprises foam.

72. The device of claim 71, wherein the foam comprises cellular polyurethane.