HK1261692A1 - Gibberellin granular formulations - Google Patents

Description

Granular gibberellin preparation

Technical Field

The present invention relates to granular gibberellin formulations.

Background

Gibberellins are a class of plant growth regulators, which are twoTerpene acid. Gibberellins are produced commercially by fermentation of the natural fungus, Gibberella fugikuroi. Gibberellins are sold under a variety of trade names and are used commercially in a variety of orchards, vegetable crops, row crops, and ornamental crops. The predominant gibberellin used is gibberellic acid ("GA₃”)。

There is a strong need for methods of efficiently and conveniently delivering gibberellins to plant roots. Furthermore, it is desirable to be able to deliver gibberellins to the root system even when the root system is under standing water. Effective soil application is desirable because it places gibberellin very close to the root system, which can then take up gibberellin efficiently.

One problem with soil application is that when prior art formulations (e.g., powders) are applied to flooded crop planting areas, gibberellins may remain on the water surface due to their poor wettability and low water solubility. Gibberellin may then be decomposed by hydrolysis, and then roots of the plants may absorb gibberellin.

Attempts have also been made to use clay-based formulations for delivering gibberellins to plants. This method fails because the clay particles do not deliver or release gibberellins into the soil. Furthermore, clay-based products tend to generate dust when handled, for example when they are poured, transferred or measured. This dust can cause health hazards.

Yet another problem is the desire to apply gibberellins at low concentrations to flooded crop plants. Such low levels of gibberellins require large amounts of excipients or carriers, which can leave residues in the plant or growing environment. In addition, excipients or carriers can add significantly to the cost of the gibberellin product due to excessive processing and transportation costs.

Thus, there is a need for environmentally safe, non-phytotoxic, effective and economical gibberellin formulations that can be applied to soil, including when the soil is in still water. The improved formulations should overcome the toxicity, handling, storage, transport and delivery problems encountered with prior art formulations.

Disclosure of Invention

In one aspect, the present invention relates to a granular formulation comprising from about 0.01% wt/wt to about 1% wt/wt of a compound selected from the group consisting of GA₃Gibberellin 4 ('GA')₄"), gibberellin 7 (" GA₇") and gibberellin 4/7 (" GA_4/7") at least one gibberellin, about 0.1% wt/wt to about 1% wt/wt of at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of about 190 daltons to about 420 daltons and C8-C12 fatty acid dimethyl amide, about 0.0001% wt/wt to about 0.1% wt/wt of a binder, about 0.0001% wt/wt to about 0.1% wt/wt of a non-ionic surfactant, about 0.01% wt/wt to about 2% wt/wt of a free-flow aid, and about 97% wt/wt to about 99.9% wt/wt of sand particles having an average diameter of about 0.05mm to about 2 mm.

In yet another aspect, the invention relates to an agricultural granule formulation comprising from about 0.01% wt/wt to about 1% wt/wt GA₃About 0.1% wt/wt to about 1% wt/wt of at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of about 190 daltons to about 420 daltons and C8-C12 fatty acid dimethylamide, about 0.0001% wt/wt to about 0.1% wt/wt of a copolymer of vinyl acetate and 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, about 0.0001% wt/wt to about 0.1% wt/wt of a nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate and polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate, about 0.01% wt/wt to about 2% wt/wt of sodium aluminosilicate, and about 97% wt/wt to about 99.9% wt/wt of silica sand particles having an average diameter of about 0.6mm to about 1.4 mm.

In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for regulating plant growth, said method comprising treating a plant or plant growing environment with an effective amount of a formulation of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Applicants have surprisingly found particulate formulations of gibberellins that are easy to apply and are stable, safe, and effective for soil treatment. The use of sand as a carrier in the formulation makes the formulation suitable for application to soil covered by still water, as sand is heavy, thus allowing the particulate formulation to quickly sink into the water to effectively reach the soil. Sand is also non-toxic and does not form a residue. Furthermore, the applicant has found that sand particles applied to the soil surrounding the plants are an effective treatment, since the neighbouring plants are able to absorb gibberellins very efficiently.

Yet another advantage of the present invention is that the premix formulation that is first applied to the sand granules is viscous, which allows additional gibberellin to be applied to the granules. The resulting sand particles had a suitable texture, were free flowing and did not stick or dust.

Another advantage of the present invention is that the sand can be sourced from areas that require gibberellin treatment, which can provide significant savings in transportation costs. For example, there is an urgent need in india to apply gibberellins in paddy fields (rice) and the cost of sand is not high, so it is widely available in india.

The formulations can be applied directly or by combining with various granular fertilizers. This provides the grower with a very desirable level of flexibility.

In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a granular formulation comprising from about 0.01% wt/wt to about 1% wt/wt of a compound selected from the group consisting of GA₃、GA₄、GA₇And GA_4/7At least one gibberellin, about 0.1% wt/wt to about 1% wt/wt of at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of about 190 daltons to about 420 daltons and C8-C12 fatty acid dimethylamide, about 0.0001% wt/wt to about 0.1% wt/wt of a binder, about 0.0001% wt/wt to about 0.1% wt/wt of a non-ionic surfactant, about 0.01% wt/wt to about 2% wt/wt of a free-flow aid, and about 97% wt/wt to about 99.9% wt/wt of sand particles having an average diameter of about 0.05mm to about 2 mm.

In a preferred embodiment, the gibberellin is GA₃。

In another embodiment, the formulation comprises about 0.01% wt/wt to about 1% wt/wt of at least one gibberellin. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation comprises about 0.05% wt/wt to about 0.3% wt/wt of at least one gibberellin. In a most preferred embodiment, the formulation comprises about 0.1% wt/wt to about 0.2% wt/wt of at least one gibberellin.

In yet another embodiment, the formulation comprises from about 0.005% wt/wt to about 0.1% wt/wt of the pigment additive. In a preferred embodiment, the pigment additive is a dye. In a more preferred embodiment, the dye is an FD & C food grade dye. In an even more preferred embodiment, the dye is selected from the group consisting of: FD & C blue No. 1, FD & C blue No. 2, FD & C green No. 3, FD & C red No. 40, FD & C yellow No. 5, FD & C yellow No. 6, and tangerine No. 2. In a most preferred embodiment, the dye is FD & C blue No. 1. In another most preferred embodiment, the dye is FD & C red No. 40.

As used herein, "FD & C" refers to the United States Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, United States Code' Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, Title 21 of the American Code. The code provides the following list of food grade pigment additives that can be added to food (10 months as of 2015): FD & C blue No. 1; FD & C blue No. 2; FD & C green No. 3; FD & C red No. 3; FD & C red No. 40; FD & C yellow No. 5; FD & C yellow No. 6; and pummelo peel No. 2.

Polyethylene glycol ("PEG") is a polyether compound having the following structure: h- (O-CH)₂-CH₂)_n-OH. PEG is prepared by polymerization of ethylene oxide and is commercially available in a wide range of molecular weights. The numbers following "polyethylene glycol" or "PEG" refer to molecular weight. For example, PEG 200 has a molecular weight range of 190 daltons to 210 daltons, PEG300 has a molecular weight range of 285 daltons to 315 daltons, and PEG 400 has a molecular weight range of 380 daltons to 420 daltons. In the preferred embodimentIn one embodiment, the solvent is polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of about 190 daltons to about 420 daltons. In a more preferred embodiment, the solvent is polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of about 190 daltons to about 210 daltons.

In another embodiment, the solvent is at least one C8-C12 fatty acid dimethylamide. In a preferred embodiment, the solvent is a mixture of C8-C10 fatty acid dimethylamides or a mixture of C10-C12 fatty acid dimethylamides. In a more preferred embodiment, the solvent is a mixture of C8-C10 fatty acid dimethylamides. Mixtures of C8-C10 fatty acid dimethylamides are useful as antioxidantsAMD 810(Agnique is available from BASF and is a registered trademark of Cognis, Inc.) is commercially available.

In yet another embodiment, the solvent is a mixture of: (1) polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of about 190 daltons to about 210 daltons; and (2) a mixture of C8-C10 fatty acid dimethylamides.

In embodiments, the binder is selected from the group consisting of: polyvinylpyrrolidone, lignosulfonate, lignin, lecithin, starch, gluten, polyethylene glycol, disaccharides, hydrolyzed starch, sugar alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, alkylated vinylpyrrolidone polymers, copolymers of vinyl acetate and 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, copolymers of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 1-eicosene (1-eicosatelene), and combinations thereof. In embodiments, the disaccharide is selected from the group consisting of: sucrose, lactose and maltose. In embodiments, the hydrolyzed starch is selected from the group consisting of: maltodextrin and corn syrup solids. In embodiments, the sugar alcohol is selected from the group consisting of: sorbitol and mannitol. In another embodiment, the polyvinyl alcohol is hydrolyzed.

In a preferred embodiment, the binder is a copolymer of vinyl acetate and 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (vinylpyridine)Pyrrolidinone/vinyl acetate copolymers as agrimers^TMVA-6 is available from Ashland). Alkylated vinylpyrrolidone polymers (e.g., Agrimer)^TMAL10), and copolymers of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 1-eicosene (agrimers)^TMVA-30) is also available from Ashland.

In yet another embodiment, the formulation comprises from about 0.0001% wt/wt to about 0.1% wt/wt binder. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation comprises from about 0.005% wt/wt to about 0.1% wt/wt binder. In a more preferred embodiment, the formulation comprises about 0.01% wt/wt binder.

In another embodiment, the non-ionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate and polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate. In a preferred embodiment, the nonionic surfactant is polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate.

In embodiments, the formulation comprises from about 0.0001% wt/wt to about 0.1% wt/wt of a nonionic surfactant. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation comprises from about 0.001% wt/wt to about 0.1% wt/wt of a non-ionic surfactant. In a more preferred embodiment, the formulation comprises about 0.006% wt/wt nonionic surfactant.

In embodiments, the sand is selected from the group consisting of silica sand, volcanic sand, mineral sand, biogenic sand (biogenic sand), and lithoid sand (lithic sand). In a preferred embodiment, the sand is silica sand.

In yet another embodiment, the formulation comprises sand in an amount of about 97% wt/wt to about 99.9% wt/wt. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation comprises sand in the range of about 97.5% wt/wt to about 99.5 wt/wt. In a more preferred embodiment, the formulation comprises about 99% wt/wt sand.

In embodiments, the sand has an average particle diameter of about 0.05mm to about 2 mm. In a preferred embodiment, the sand has an average particle diameter of about 0.6mm to about 1.4 mm.

In embodiments, the free flow aid is selected from the group consisting of sodium aluminosilicate, silica, calcium carbonate, and magnesium carbonate. In a preferred embodiment, the free flow aid is sodium aluminosilicate.

In yet another embodiment, the formulation comprises from about 0.01% wt/wt to about 2% wt/wt of the free-flow aid. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation comprises about 0.1% wt/wt to about 1.0% wt/wt of the free-flow aid. In a more preferred embodiment, the formulation comprises about 0.5% wt/wt of the free-flow aid.

In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for regulating plant growth, said method comprising treating a plant or plant growing environment with an effective amount of a formulation of the present invention.

The formulations of the present invention are also low VOC formulations. This means that the formulation contains an emission potential of less than or equal to 25% as determined by thermogravimetric analysis ("TGA"). Gibberellin formulations with greater than 25% emission potential as determined by TGA are considered high VOC products by CADPR (California Department of Pesticide Regulation). TGA involves heating a formulation sample in an environmentally controlled chamber while measuring the rate of sample mass loss. CADPR indicates that the emission potential of a formulation is determined by taking the average of three repeated TGA measurements of the formulation, and then subtracting the percentages of water and exempt compounds from the measurements. TGA methods are well known to those skilled in the art.

In yet another embodiment, the formulations of the present invention are applied to plants or the environment in which they grow at a rate of from about 0.01 to about 30 grams gibberellin per hectare. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation is applied to plants or the environment in which they grow at a rate of from about 0.01 to about 5 grams gibberellin per hectare. In a more preferred embodiment, the formulation is applied to plants or the environment in which they grow at a rate of from about 0.01 to about 2 grams gibberellin per hectare. In another preferred embodiment, the formulation is applied to plants or plant growing environments at a rate of from about 10 to about 25 grams per hectare, more preferably from about 12.5 to about 25 grams per hectare, even more preferably about 12.5 or about 25 grams per hectare.

The formulations of the invention may be used on any plant in need of gibberellin treatment (or in the plant growing environment (e.g. soil) in the vicinity of the plant in need of treatment), for example: artichoke (artichoke) to accelerate maturation and increase yield; blueberries to improve fruit set and fruit size; bananas to stimulate plant growth and reduce the effects of stress, or to maintain fruit quality after harvesting; carrots to maintain plant growth during stress phases; celery to increase plant height and yield; cherries to increase the size, firmness, and quality of the fruit, or to delay ripening for more orderly harvest; citrus to increase fruit set and yield, delay peel aging, reduce physiological disorders, or delay ripening for more orderly harvest; kale to facilitate harvest, increase yield and improve quality; cotton to promote early season growth and increase seedling vigor; and cucumber to stimulate fruit set during cool weather; a pasture for animal grazing; and corn. The preparation can be used for banana, citrus and the like after harvesting. The formulations of the present invention may also be used on grapes, melons, pecans (pecans), peppers, pineapples, rice, rhubarb, spinach, stone fruit (stone fruit), sugar cane, wheat, strawberries, watercress and other plants in need of treatment.

In an embodiment, the formulation of the invention is applied to a plant selected from the group consisting of rice, cotton, corn, soybean, sugarcane, wheat, and sugar beet. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation of the invention is applied to plants selected from the group consisting of rice, corn and wheat.

In yet another embodiment, the formulation of the present invention is applied to a plant growing environment in which rice, cotton, corn, soybean, sugarcane, wheat, and/or sugar beet are growing. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation of the invention is applied to a plant growing environment in which rice, maize or wheat is growing.

Unless the claims expressly state otherwise, the disclosed embodiments are merely simple exemplary embodiments of the inventive concepts disclosed herein, which should not be considered as limiting.

The term "effective amount" means the amount of the formulation that provides the desired effect on the plant being treated. The "effective amount" will vary depending on such factors as the concentration of the formulation, the type of plant(s) being treated, and the desired result. Therefore, an exact "effective amount" cannot always be specified. However, one of ordinary skill in the art can determine the appropriate "effective amount" in any individual case. For example, an effective amount of a formulation of the present invention may be about 0.1 to about 10 grams of gibberellin per hectare.

Other components of the formulation may be included in nominal amounts (nominal amount) that do not affect the storage stability and performance characteristics of the present formulation. Additional components include additional surfactants, crystal growth inhibitors, stickers (packers), diffusers (spaaders), leaf penetrants (leaf permeabilizers), dispersants, systemic acquired resistance inducers, systemic acquired resistance inhibitors, biostimulants, seed inoculants, bionematicides, biofungicides (biofungicides), insecticides and fungicides, antifoaming agents, preservatives, pH regulators, co-solvents, wetting agents, UV protectants, vehicles, chelating agents, or other components that facilitate manufacturing, storage stability, product handling, and application.

It is also contemplated that the formulations of the present invention may be used in combination with other active ingredients such as herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, bactericides, nematicides, biochemical insecticides, plant-produced insecticides (botanicals), safeners or plant nutrients.

As used herein, the term "herbicide" broadly refers to compounds or compositions that are useful as herbicides as well as herbicide safeners and algicides. Herbicides may include, but are not limited to, 1,2, 4-triazinones, 1,3, 5-triazines, alkanamides (acetamides), anilides (anilides), aryloxyalkanoic acids, aryloxyphenoxypropionates, benzeneCarboxamides, benzamides (L), benzenedicarboxylic acids, benzofurans, benzoic acids (auxins), benzonitrile, benzothiadiazinones (benzothiazinones), benzothiadiazolones, carbamates (DHP), carbamates, chloroacetamides, cyclohexanedione oximes, dinitroanilines, dinitrophenols, diphenyl ethers (cbi), glycine derivatives, haloalkanoic acids, hydroxybenzonitrile, imidazolinones, isovalerones, benzimidazolinones and benzazolesAzoles and iso-azolesOxazolidinones, N-phenylphthalimides, organic arsenics,A diazole,Oxazolidinediones, oxyacetamides, phenoxycarboxylic acids, phenyl carbamate herbicides, phenylpyrazole herbicides, phenylpyridazines, phosphinic acids, dithiophosphates, phthalamide formates (phthalamates), pyrazole herbicides, pyridazines, Pyridazinones (PDS), Pyridazinones (PSII), pyridines, picolinamides, pyridinecarboxylic acids, pyrimidinediones, pyrimidines, pyrimidyl-oxybenzoic acids, pyrimidyloxybenzoic acid analogs, quinolinecarboxylic acids, BI classes and IV, including thiocarbamates, semicarbazones, sulfonylaminocarbonyl-triazolinones, sulfonylureas, tetrazolinones, thiadiazoles, thiocarbamates, triazoles, triazolinones, triazolopyrimidines, triketones, uracils, ureas, 2,3,6-TBA, 2,4,5-T, 2, 4-D-2-ethylhexyl, 2,4-DB, 2, 4-D-dimethylammonium, 2, 4-D-isopropyl, 2,4-D-triethanolamine (2, 4-D-tromamine, 2,4-D-triethanolamine), ACD 10614, ACD 10435, acetochlor (acetochlor), acifluorfen (acifluorfen), acifluorfen sodium (acifluorfen-sodi)um), aclonifen (aclonifen), acrolein, AD 67, alachlor (alachlor), diclofen (allexydim-sodium), ametryn (ametryn), amicarbazone (amicarbazone), amidosulfuron (amiosulfuron), fenflurazone (amitrole), ammonium sulfamate, anilofos (anilofos), asulam (asulam), atrazine (atrazine), azafenidin (azafenidin), azimsulfuron (azimsulfuron), azinpyr (azaprotryne), avenacin (ban), beflubutamid (beflubutamid), benazolin (benazolin), benazolin-ethyl (benazolin), benfluridone (benflurazone), benfurazan (bensulfuron), benoxacor (benoxacor), bensulfuron (bensulfuron-ethyl (bensulfuron), bensulfuron (bensulfuron), bensulam), bensulfuron (bensulfuron), bensulfuron (bensulam), bensulfuron (bensulfuron), bensulin (bensulam), bensulin (bensulin), bensulam), bensulin (bensulin), bensulin (, Bispyribac-sodium, borax, bromacil (bromoacil), bromobutyryl (bromobute), bromofenoxam (bromofofenoxim), bromoxynil (bromoxynil), bromoxynil octanoate (bromoxynil octanoate), bromoxynil potassium (bromoxonil-potassium), bromofenapyr (broxypyrazol), butachlor (butachlor), butachlor (butfenamide), dinotefuran (butrazol), butachlor (butroxydim), bentazon (butfenflurron), fenflurazon (butfenpyron), fenfluramine (butrox), fenbutachlor (cafenstrole), calcium cyanamide, diacyl (carafenamide), carfentrazone ethyl ester (carfenfenfenflurane-ethyl), methonphenofen (loxypron), lochlor (loxypron), sodium chloride (sodium chloride), sodium chloride-chloride (chloride), sodium chloride (chloride-chloride (chloride), sodium chloride-chloride (chloride-chloride (chloride), sodium chloride (chloride-chloride (chloride), sodium chloride (chloride-chloride (chloride), sodium chloride-chloride (chloride-chloride), sodium chloride (chloride-chloride, sodium chloride, chloramphenimine (chloridazon), chlorimuron-ethyl (chlorimuron-ethyl), cumyl ether (chlorinitrofen), chloroacetic acid, chlortoluron (chlori-toluron), chlorsulfuron (chloriroxuron), chlorpheniramine (chloriropham), chlorsulfuron (chlorisulfuron), dimethyl chlorophthalate (chlorithal-dimethyl), methicillin (chlorithiamid), cinidon-ethyl (cinidon-ethyl), cinosulfuron (cinosulfuron), clethodim (clethodim), and clethodim (chlorimuron-ethyl)Sethoxydim (sethoxydim), tepraloxydim (tepraloxydim), tralkoxydim (trakoxydim), clodinafop-propargyl (clodinafop-propargyl), chloronorflurane (cloofop), chlorobutyl-isobutryl (clofenap), clomazone (clomazone), chloroformamide (clomeprop), clopyralid (clopyrad), cloquine (cloquintocet-mexyl), cloransulam-methyl (cloquinum-methyl), pyriminostrobin (credazine), cumyluron (cumyluron), cyanamide (cyanamide), cyanazine (cyazonitrile), cyclosulfouron (cyclosulfouron), cyclobutyluron (cyclobutylmalon), diclodinyl (2-bromoxydim), diclodinyl (2-ethyl-methyl), diclodinyl (4-ethyl), diclodinyl (2-ethyl-methyl-ethyl, 4-chloro-ethyl (2-ethyl-methyl), diclodinyl (clodinyl), diclodinyl (clodinyl), diclodinyl, clodinyl, diclodinyl, clodinyl, diclodinyl, 2, 4-D-propionic acid (dichlorprop-P), diclofop-P-ethyl (diclofop), diclofop-methyl (diclofop-methyl), diclosulam (diclosulam), acetochlor (diethyl-ethyl); anta (diethylhexyl), cumuron (difenoxuron), difenzoquat (difenoximilsulfate), diflufenican (diflufenican), diflufenzopyr (diffenzopyr), dikegulc (dikegulac), dikekal (dikegulc-sodium), dikegulc sodium (dikegulc-sodium), and combinations thereof,Metosulfuron (dimefuron), dimeflubenz (dimepiperate), dimethenamid (dimethachloride), isoethan (dimethacryln), thionine (dimethipin), dimethylarsinic acid, dinoflagyl (dinitramine dinoseb), dimethenate (dinosetate), dinotefuran (dinoterb), dichlofenad (diphenamid), dimethomorph (dipipetryn), cyprodin (disul), sodium cyprosulfate (disul-sodium), dithiopyr (dithiopyr), diuron (diuron), DNOC, DSMA, ethyl glycyrrhizanate-ethyl, metribuzin (eglinazine), EL 177, endothal (endothal), ethambucil (ethralin), phenmeturon methyl ester (methasulfosulfuron-methyl), thidiazuron (ethoxysulfuron), thion (ethoxysulfuron), thiopyr-ethyl (ethoxysulfuron), thion-ethyl propionate (ethoxysulfuron), thiopyr-ethyl (ethoxysulfuron-ethyl), thidiazuron-ethyl (2-ethyl, ethoxysulfuron (ethoxysulfuron), thiuron (2, 5-ethyl, ethoxysulfuron (ethoxysulfuron), thiuron (thion), thiuron (ethoxysulfuron), thiuron (thion, thio(fenoprop), 2,4, 5-aldicacid-butoxyethyl ester (fenoprop-butyl),Fenoxaprop-ethyl (fenoxaprop-ethyl),Fenoxaprop (fenoxaprop) and essencefenoxaprop-P and fenoxaprop-P extractFenoxaprop-ethyl (fenoxaprop-P-ethyl), fenoxaprop-ethyl (fenthiaprop-ethyl), fentrazamide (fentrazamide), fenuron (fenuron), fluromethyl (flamprop-methyl), fluromethyl (flamprop-isopropyl), fluromethyl (flamprop-M-isoproyl), fluromethyl (flamprop-M-isopropyl), flamprop-methyl (flamprop-M-methyl), flazasulfuron (flazasulfuron), florasulam (flusilamid), butyl flufenoxaprop-butyl (fluazifop-butyl), fluazifop-butyl (sodium), fluazifop-butyl (fluazifop-butyl), fluazifop (fluazifop-butyl), fluazifop-butyl (fluazi-butyl), fluazi-butyl (fluazi-butyl), fluazi-butyl, fluazi, Flumioxazin (flumioxazin), propyzamide (flumipropyn), fluometuron (flumetron), fluridone (fluoroodifen), fluoroglycofen-ethyl (fluoroglycofen-ethyl), fluometuron (fluthiuron), flupyrazoxazole (flupoxam), sodium tetrafluoropropionate (flutopropane-sodium), flazisulfuron-methyl-sodium (flupyr-sulphoron-methyl-sodium), sulfentrazone (fluazole), fluorenol-butyl ester (flurenol-butyl), fluridone (fluridone), fluorochloromethyl (flurochlororidone), fluroxypyr (fluroxypyr), flurtamone (flutamemone), thiamethoxam (fluxon-methyl), fomamide (fluxon-methyl), fluroxypyr (fluxol-methyl), fluroxypyr (fluxolone), fluroxypyr, thiamethoxam, fluxon-methyl oxalate (fluxon-methyl), fluroxypyr (fluxon-methyl ester (fluxon), fluroxypyrGrass (Haw)Oxazole (furilazole), glufosinate-ammonium (glufosinate-ammonium), glyphosate (glyphosate), ammonium glyphosate (glyphosate-ammonium), isopropylammonium (glyphosate-isopyramonum), sodium glyphosate (glyphosate-sodium), sulfophos-methyl (glyphosate-trimetium), halosulfuron-methyl (halosulfuron-methyl), haloxyfen (haloxyfop), haloxyfen-ethyl (haloxyfop-ethyl), haloxyfen (haloxyfop-P), hexafluoroacetate (hexazinone), imazamethabenzuron (azoxybenzuron), imazaquin (imazamox), imazamox (imazamox), imazapyr (imazapyr-ammonium), imazapyr (imazapyr-ammonium, imazamox (sodium iodonium), imazamox (azonitrile (azoxynil), imazamox-methyl (imazamox-methyl), imazamox (sodium iodonium), imazamox-methyl, imazamox (azone), imazamox (iodonium), imazamox (azone), imazamox-methyl azone (imazamox-methyl azone), imazamox-methyl azone (imazamox) and imazamox) or imazamox (imazamox) or imazamox, imazon (imazon, imazon-methyl azone (imazon, imazon-ethyl (azone (azo, Pendimethalin (isocarbamid), isoprotundin (isocil), butazone (isometribuzin), isoproturon (isosoruron), isoproturon (isoproturon), isoflurazon (isoflurazon)Longon (isouron), isoOxamine (isoxaben), isoxabenCarfentrazone-ethyl (isoxaflutole), isoxaflutoleOxalether (isoxapyrofidop), karbutilate (karbutilate), lactofen (lactofen), lenacil (lenacil), linuron (linuron), LS830556, malehydrazide, MCPA, 2-methyl-4-chloroethyl thioester (MCPA-thioethyl), MCPB, 2-methyl-4-chlorobutyric acid ethyl ester (MCPB-ethyl), 2-methyl-4-chloropropionic acid (mecoprop-P), dimethomorph (medidinotexate), methyl terberb (medidinerb), benzothiophene (thiabendate), and mixtures thereofOxamide (mefenacet), mefenpyr-diethyl, meflulidine (mesulsulfuron-methyl), mesotrione (mesotrione),Metolachlor (metamifop), metamitron (metamitron), metazachlor (metazachlor), metolazuron (methabenzthiazuron), metamitron (methazol), methuron (methurone), metribuzin (methatryne), metribuzin (methamphron), metribuzin (methamphetone), metoclopramide (metharsonate), metoxuron (methacylron), metolachlor (metolachlor), metosulam (metoxuron), metoxuron (metoxuron), metribuzin (metribuzin), ethyl metsuluron (ethyl), MK-616, metsultrine (monellin), chlorsulfuron (nuoliron), metoxuron (metoxuron), metosulron (metosulron), metosulam (metosulron-ethyl), prozin (metosulindron), naproxen (naproxen), napropamide (metosulindron), naproxen (naproxen), naproxen (naproxen), nap, Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae (oryzalin), oxabetrinil (oxabetrinil), and propyne(oxadiargyl) and,Benazolin, oxasulfuron, bensulfuron, etc,Metribuzin (oxaziclomefone), oxyfluorfen (oxyfluorfen), pendimethalin (pendimethalin), penoxsulam (penoxsulam), pentachlorophenol, benzalkonium chloride (pentanochlor), cyclopenta (penoxsulam)Clomazone, flusulfamide, pethoxamid, phenisopham, benidilGrasses (phenomenedipham), phenylmercuric acetate (phenylmercuric acetate), picolinafen (picolinafen), primisulfuron methyl ester (primisulfuron-methyl), prodiamine (prodiamine), ciproflumin (profluralin), propaquin ethyl ester (proglazine-ethyl), propaquinone (prodigiosin), prometon (prometryn), prometryn (propynil), propachlor (propachlorlorlon), propanil (propaquizafop), propazine (propazine), propaquizafop (propazone), propaphorin (proppham), propisochlor (propyzachlor), propaferon sodium propafenone (propaferon-pydilum), propyzamide (propazamide), fludaruron (propaferon ether), pyrafludaruron (pyrithion-methyl ether), pyrithiobac (pyrithion-methyl ether (pyrithiobac-ethyl), pyribenzopyrithion (pyrithion-pyriproxyfen), pyribenzofenapyr (pyriproxyfen), pyriproxyfen (pyriproxyfen), pyriproxyfen (pyribenzopyriproxyfen-ethyl), pyriproxyfen (pyriproxyfen-ethyl), pyribenzopyribenzopyribenzopyriproxyfen (pyriproxyfen (pyriftalid), pyriftalid (pyribenzopyriftalid (pyriftalid), pyri, Chloroquine acid (quinmerac), chlorambucil (quinophthalone), ethyl quizalofop-ethyl (quinalofop-ethyl), quizalofop-P-ethyl (quinalofop-P-ethyl), quizalofop-P-tefuryl (quinalofop-P-tefuryl), rimsulfuron (rimsulfuron), terbuthylazine (sebutylazine), metolachlor (secbumeton), siduron (siduron), simazine (simazine), simetryn (simetryn), metolachlor (S-metolachllor), SMY 1500, sodium chlorate, sulcotrione (sulcotrione), sulfentrazone (sulfentrazone), sulfluron (sulfometrazone), sulfometuron (sulfometuron-methyl), sulfometuron (sulsulfuron), buthiouron (tebuthiuron), pyrane (terbacil), thiflufen (thiflufen), thifentrazone (thiflufen), thifensulfuron (thifenuron (thiflubenzuron), thifenuron (thifensulfuron), thifensulfuron (thifenuron), thifenuron (thifenuron), thifensulfuron (thifensulfuron), thifensulfuron-methyl thifensulfuron), thifensulfuron (thifensulfuron), thifensulfuron (thifensulfuron-methyl thifensulfuron), thifensulfuron (thifensulfuron), thifensulfuron (, 1-dichloroacetyl azepane, tralkoxydim, triallate (tri-allat), triasulfuron (triasulfuron), tribenuron-methyl, trichloroacetic acid, triclopyr, dichlormid (triclopyr), dichlorbenzuron (tridephane), metribuzin (triazazine), trifloxysulfuron-sodium, trifluralin (trifluralin) and triflusulfuron-methyl.

Fungicides may include, but are not limited to, amino acid amide carbamates, anilinopyrimidines, antibiotics, aromatic hydrocarbons, heteroaromatic compounds, chloro/nitrophenyl compounds (chloro/nitrophenyl), benzamides (F), benzenesulfonamides, benzimidazoles, benzimidazole precursors, benzotriazines, carboxamides, cinnamic acids, cyanoacetamide oximes, dicarboximides, dithianes, DMI: imidazoles, piperazines, pyrimidines, and triazoles; enolpyruronium (enopyranic acid) antibiotics, heteroatomic hydroxyanilides (heteroaromatichydroxyanilides), MBI: dehydratases and reductases; morpholine morpholines, morpholine spiroketals (spiroketamines), multi-site (multi-site) chloronitriles, multi-site dimethyl dithiocarbamates, multi-site guanidines, multi-site inorganics, multi-site phthalimides, multi-site quinones, multi-site sulfonamides, N-phenyl carbamate fungicides, organotin fungicides, phenylamides: acylalanines, phenylamides: butyrolactone, phenylamide:oxazolidinones, phenylpyrroles, phenylurea fungicides, phosphonates, phosphorothioates, pyridazinone fungicides, pyrimidinamines (pyrimidines), pyrimidineols (pyrimidinols), QiI, quinolines, SBI class IV: thiocarbamates, strobilurin (strobilurin) analogues: dihydro diOxazines, strobilurin types: imidazolinones, strobilurin types: strobilurins, strobilurin type: ethoxycarbamates, strobilurin types:oxazolidinediones, strobilurin types: oximidoacetamides, strobilurin type: oximidoacetates, thiazole carboxamides, thiocarbamate fungicides and thiophene carboxamides. Suitable pesticideFungicides include 1, 2-dichloro-propane, 2-methoxyethyl mercuric chloride, 2-phenylphenol, 8-hydroxy-quinoline sulfate, aminopropyl phosphonic acid (ampropylfos), benomyl (anilazine), azaconazole (azaconazol), azoxystrobin (azoxystrobin), benalaxyl (benalaxyl), benalaxyl (benodanil), benomyl (benomyl), diethanol (benazol), diethanol (benquinox), benthiavalicarb-isoprox), binapacryl (apacryl), biphenyl, trioctyl oxide (trioctyltin), bitertanol (bitertanol), blasticidin S (blasticidin-S), borax, boscalid (boscalid), bromuconazole (brouconazole), pyributiridine (butraline), thiotepine (butrytin), captopril (butrysum), propiconazole (carthamide), propiconazole (CGanil), propiconazole (pyrad), pyraclostrobin (80000), carbendazim (carboxim (a), carbendazim (fenpropiconazole), carbendazim (fenpropathrin (a), propiconazole (carbafenapyr (a), pyrazone (carbafenapyr (a), pyrazone (carbafenapyr), pyrazone (benoxacarb), pyrazone (benoxacarb), pyrazone (benoxacarb, Dicyclopentadienyl (chloroneb), chlorothalonil (chlorothalonil), chlozolinate (chlorozolite), climbazole (climbazole), copper oxychloride (copper oxychloride), copper sulfate (tribasic), cuprous oxide, cyazofamid (cyazofamid), cyflufenamid (cyflufenamid), cymoxanil (cymoxanil), cyproconazole (cyproconazole), cyprodinil (cyprofanil), esteram (cyprofufurym), dazomet (diclofluanid), dichloronaphthoquinone (dichloline), dichlofen (dichlorrophen), chlorotriazol (diclorotriazole), diclocyanide (diclocset), pyridaben (diclomezine), nicamide (dicloronide), dichlorphenan (diclofen), dichlorphenan (difenon), dinotefuran (difenoconazole), dinotefuran (difenon (difenoconazole), dinate (difenoconazole), difenoconazole (difenoconazole), fenpropiconazole (fenpropiconazole), fenpropiconazole (fenpropiconazole), fenpropiconazole, Dodine (dodine), dizoxolon (drazoxolon), edifenphos (edifenphos), epoxiconazole (epoxiconazole), epoxiconazole (etaconazole), ethametem (etem), ethaboxam (ethaboxam), ethirimol (ethirimol), hymexazol (etridiazole),Famoxadone (fenbutazone), fenamidone (fenamidone), fenamidol (fenarimol), fenbuconazole (fenbuconazole), difuramide (fenfuram), fenhexamid (fenhexamid), pyrimethanil (fenpropanol), fenpropam (fenpiclonil), fenpropimorph (fenpropimorph), fentin (fentin acetate), fentin (fentin hydroxide), pyrimethanil (ferimzone), fluazinam (fluazinam), fludioxonil (fluoroxonil), flumorph (flumorph), fluocinolone (flunomide), flufenacet (flufenamide), flufenacet (flufenamidone), triflumizole (flutriazone), fluoxastrobin (fluquinconazole), flufenamidone (flufenamide), flufenamidone (flufenamidone), flufenamidone (flufenamidone), flufenamic (flufenamic), flufenamic (flufenamic), flufena, Quinoline acrylate (halaricinate), hexachlorobenzene (hexachlorobenzene), hexaconazole (hexaconazole), and,Myclobutanil (hymexazol), imazalil (imazalil), imibenconazole (imibenconazole), iminoctadine triacetate (iminoctadine triacetate), iminoctadine tris (albesilate)), ipconazole (iprazole), iprodione (iprodione), iprovalicarb, isoprothiolane (isoprothiolane), kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate (kasugamycin hydrochloride), kresoxim-methyl (kresoxim-methyl), mebenil (mebenil), mepanipyrim (mepanipyrim), basidinin (mepronil), mercuric chloride, metalaxyl (metalaxyl), metalaxyl-M (metalaxyl-M), metconazole (metconazole), sulam (sulfamycin), fenflurazole (trimethoprim), pyrimethanil (metoclopramide), pyrimethanil (metominostrobin (isopromycin), pyrimethanil (propiconazole), pyrimethanil (propiconazole), pyrimethanil (propiconazole), pyrimethanil, Furosemide (ofarace), oleic acid, fatty acid), oxabetrinil,Oxadixyl (oxadixyl), fumaric acidImidazole (oxyponazole fumarate), oxycarboxin (oxypyroxin), penconazole (penconazole), pencycuron (pencycuron), pentachlorophenol, phenylmercuric acetate, phenylmercuric dimethyldithiocarbamate (phenylmercuric dimethylthionocarbamate), phenylmercuric nitrate, phosphonic acid, tetrachlorophthalide (phthalide), picoxystrobin (picoxystrobin), polyoxin B (polyoxin B), dactinomycin (polyoxomi), potassium bicarbonate, potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate (potassium hydroxyquinoline sulfate), prochloraz (prochloraz), procymidone (procymidone), propamocarb hydrochloride (propamocarb hydrochloride), propiconazole (propazozole), propoxymidine (propaquizid), and aminoproparb (propocarb); propamocarb hydrochloride (prothiocarbhydroxychloride), prothioconazole (prothioconazole), pyraclostrobin (pyracarbid), pyraclostrobin (pyraclostrobin), pyrifos (pyrazophores), pyributicarb, pyrimethanil (pyrimethanil), pyroquilon (pyroquilon), imazaquin, quinoxalin, quinoxyfen (quinoxyfen), quintozene (quintozene), silthiofam (silthiofam), simeconazole (simeconazole), sodium bicarbonate, spiroxamine (spiroxamine), SSF-109, sulfur, tebuconazole (tebuconazole), tetrachlorbenzne (tetraconazole), tetraconazole (tetraconazole), thiabendazole (thiabendazole), thiabendazole (thiocyanofen), thifenpyr (thifenpyr), thifluzamide (thifluzamide), thiflufenapyr (thiflufen), trimethoprim (thiophanate), trimethoprim (thiophanate), trimethoprim (thion), trimethoprim (thiophanate (thion), trimethoprim (thiothifluzone), trimethoprim (trimethoprim), trimethoprim (thiothifenpyr-methyl-tris (thion), thifenpyroxate (trimethoprim), thifenpyroxate (trimethoprim (thiofenamide), thifenpyroxate (trimethoprim), thifenpyroxim-tris (thion), thifenpyroxate (thiofenamide), thifenpyroxate (thiofena, Trifloxystrobin (trifloxystrobin), triflumizole (triflumizole), triforine (triforine), triticonazole (triticonazole), asomate (urcerid), validamycin (validamycin), benomyl (vinclozolin), cyanamide (zarilamid), ziram (ziram) and zoxamide (zoxamide).

Fungicides can include, but are not limited to, bronopol (bronopol), dichlorophene, nitrapyrin (nitrapyrin), nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, kasugamycin, octulone (octilinone), furoic acid (furazanylic acid), oxytetracycline (oxytetracycline), probenazole (probenazole), streptomycin, sulfophthalide (tecloftalam), copper sulfate, and other copper formulations.

insecticides, acaricides and nematicides may include, but are not limited to, abamectin (abamectin), ABG-9008, acephate (acephate), acequinocyl (acefenamic), acetamiprid (aceamiprid), acetofenapyr (acetoprole), flupropathrin (acrinathrin), AKD-1022, AKD-3059, AKD-3088, alanycarb (alanycarb), aldicarb (aldicarb), aldicarb (aldoxycarb), allethrin (allethrin), α -cypermethrin (α -cypermethrin) (alphacypermethrin), sulfadimidine (amidoflumet), methomyl (aminocarb), amitraz (traamicz), avermectin (avermectin), neem-60541, azadirachtin (azadirachtin), picoline (picoline), pyriproxyfen (aceponil), flufenoxynil (aceponil), acetoprole (acriflavine), fluthrin (acriflavine), fluzone (aceponicin (aceponin (aceponicin), fluzonePhosphorus (azamethiphos), methyl valefos (azinphos-methyl), ethyl valefos (azinphos-ethyl), azocyclotin (azocyclotin), Bacillus firmus (Bacillus firmus), Bacillus japonicus (Bacillus popilliae), Bacillus sphaericus (Bacillus sphaericus), Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), Bacillus thuringiensis strain EG-2348, Bacillus thuringiensis strain GC-91, Bacillus thuringiensis strain NCTC-11821, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies chromoseri (Bacillus thuringiensis), Beauveria bassiana (Beauveria bassiana), Beverauveria bassiana (Beverautentilla), Isothia (benziothiazole) typha, Bezilla typha, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillus thuringiensis), Bacillus popillia, Beauveria bassiana (Bacillus sphaerica), Bezilla pomona bassiana-ethyl, Bacillus populinus (Bacillus populinus) and Bacillus sphaera,bendiocarb (benfurocarb), benfuracarb (benfuracarb), bensultap (bensultap), benzoximate (benzoximate), β -cyfluthrin (β -cyfluthrin), β -cypermethrin(beta-cypermethrin), bifenazate (bifenazate), bifenthrin (bifenthrin), binaphthhrin, bioallethrin (bioallethrin), biothrin-5-cyclopentyl isomer, pentothrin (bioethrin), biopenthrin (biopermethrin), biothrin (bioresmethrin), bistrifluron (bistrifluron), BPMC, bronchex (brofenprox), ethyl bromophos (bromophos-ethyl), bromopropylate (bromopyralate), bromophenylphosphine (-methyl) (bromopinnvinfos (-methyl)), BTG-504, BTG-505, carbohydrargyrib (bufencarb), pyrithion (bufenpropizin), temethiofenphos (butythethios), butanone (butocarboxin), thiocarb (buthiocarb), carbothiocarb (carbothiocarb) (carbothiocarb (439), carbothiocarb (carbothiocarb), carbothiocarb (CGcarb (439), carbothiocarb (carbothiocarb), carbothiocarb (carbothion), carbothiocarb (carbothiocarb), carbothiocarb (carbothiocarb), carbothion (carbothion), carbothiocarb (carbothiocarb), carbothion (carbothion), carbothion (carbothio, Chlorfenapyr, chlorantraniliprole (chlorantraniliprole), chlordane (chlordane), chlordimeform (chlorfenapyr), chlorethopa (chlorethocarb), phosphorus oxychloride (chlorethoxyfos), chlorfenapyr (chlorenaph), chlorfenvinphos (chlorfenphos), chlorfluazuron (chlorfluazuron), phosphorus oxychloride (chlormephos), dicofol (chlorobenzilate), chloropicrin (chlorepicrin), chlorohexyfen (chlorethoxyfen), chlorpyrifos (chlorpyrifos-methyl), chlorpyrifos (chlorpyrifos-ethyl), dichlorothrin (chlorethrin), chromafenozide (chlorenozide), cis-cypermethrin (cis-resmethrin), cis-cypermethrin (cyhalothrin), cyhalothrin (cyhalothrin), cyfluthrin (cyhalothrin), cyhalothrin (cyhalothrin), cyhalothrin (cyhalothrin ), cyhalothrin (cyhalo, Cyclohexyltin (cyclohexoxatin), cypermethrin, cyphenothrin (1R-trans-isomer), cyclopropanamine crop (cyromazine), DDT, deltamethrin (deltamethrin), systemic phosphorus-5-methyl (demeton-5-methyl), systemic phosphorus-5-methyl sulfone (demeton-5-methyl sulfone), diafenthiuron (diafenthiuron), chlorfenapyr (diafenphos), diazinePesticide (diazinon), dichlofenthion (dichlofenthion), dichlorvos (dichlorvos), clonidine (dicofol), chlorothalofop (dicrotophos), dicyclanil (dicyclanil), diflubenzuron (diflubenzuron), transfluthrin (dimefluthrin), dimethoate (dimethoate), methoprene (dimethyvinphos), dichlorvos, dinocap, dinotefuran (dinotefuran), bendiofenolan (diofenolan), disulfoton (disulfoton), docusate sodium (docusat-sodium), fenpropidin (doxenpyn), DOCO-439 (DOWN-439), efusinate, emamectin (emamectin), emamectin benzoate (mefenbenzonate), dexethyne (penethinylthion) (1R-phosphate), thiofenthion (etofenthion), thiobac (etofenthion), thion (ethion), thiofenthion (ethione), thiofenthion (etofenthion), thion (ethione), thion (ethiofenphos), thion (thion), thiofenthion, thion (thion), thion (thiofenthion), thion (thion), thion (thiofenthion), thion (thion, thiofenthion, thion (thion), thion, thiofenthion (thion, thion (thion, thiofenthion, thion, thio, Fenamiphos (fenamiphos), fenazaquin (fenazaquin), fenbutatin oxide (fenbutatin oxide), fenflurrin (fenfluthrin), fenitrothion (fenproprion), fenobucarb (fenobucarb), fenoxycarb (fenothiocarb), fenoxacrim, fenoxycarb (fenproparab), fenpropathrin (fenpropathrin), fenpyrad (fenpyrathrin), fenpropathrin (fenpropathrin), fenthion (fenthion), fluorodiphenylamine (fenthiuron), fenvalerate (fenvalerate), flufenpyrate (flufenite), flufenpyrazamide (flufenamidopyrad), flufenamidothion (flufenpyrazofen), flufenpyrazothrin (flufenpyrazofenoxafen), flufenpyrafluthrin (flufenpyrafluthrin), flufenpyrafluthrin (flufenthiuron (fluthrin), flufenpyrafluthrin (fluthrin), flufenthifluthrin (fluthrin), flufenpyrafluthrin (fluthrin), fluthrin (flufenpyrafluthrin), fluthrin (fluthrin), fluthrin (fluthrin), fluthrin (, Dinofos, varacetam, difenoconazole, fosmethrin, fosthiazate, fenazaquin, furathiocarb, gamma-cyhalothrin, gamma-HCH, hexaflumuron, chlorfenapyr, chlorhexadine, and granulosis virus (g)raulosis viruses), bifenthrin (halanprox), chlorfenapyr (halofenozide), HCH, HCN-801, heptenophos (heptanophos), hexaflumuron (hexaflumuron), hexythiazox (hexythiazox), hydramethylnone (hydramethylnone), hydroprene (hydroprene), IKA-2002, imidacloprid (imidacloprid), prallethrin (imiprothrin), indoxacarb (indoxacarb), iodophos (iodofenphos), iprobenfos (iprobenfos), chlorazol (isazofos), isoprothiolane (isofenphos), isoprocarb (isoprocarb), isoprocarb (isofencarb), isofenthion (isofenprox)Triazophos (isoxathion), ivermectin (ivermectin), Tortoise sex attractant (receptacle), thiacloprid (kadethrin), nuclear polyhedrosis virus, kinoprene (kinoprene), lambda-cyhalothrin, lindane (lindane), lufenuron (lufenuron), malathion (malathion), triazophos (mecarbam), methomyl (mesufos), metaldehyde (metaldehyde), methaldehyde (metaldehyde), metam (methyl-sodium), chlorfenvinphos (methlifos), methamidophos (methamidophos), metarhizium (metarhizium anisopliae), metarhizium anisopliae (metarhizium flavoviride), methidathion (methiocarb), methomylothrion (methomylohydrochloride), methomylorhiuron (methomyl), methomyl (methomyl) and methomyl (methomyl), methomyl (methomyl) can (methomyl) s), methomyl (metho,Methoxadone (methoxadiazole), phosmet (mevinphos), milbemycin (milbemycin), MKI-245, MON-45700, monocrotophos (monocrotophos), moxidectin (moxidectin), MTI-800, naled (naled), NC-104, NC-170, NC-184, NC-194, NC-196, niclosamide (niclosamide), nicotine (nicotinine), nitenpyram (nitenpyram), nithiazine (nithiazine), NNI-0001, NNI-0101, NNI-0250, NNI-9768), novaluron (novaluron OK), OK-5101, OK-5201, OK-9601, OK-9602, OK-9701, OK-9802, omethyl (omethyl), penoxsulide (metosulide), rhodozyl (fumosol), rhodozyl (thymol), rhodozyl (mycol), rhodozyl (mycol), xanthotoxin () Methyl parathion (parathion-methyl), parathion (-ethyl), (permethrin (cis-, trans-), petroleum, PH-6045, phenothrin (phenothrin) (1R-trans isomer)), phenthoate (phenthoate), phorate (phorate), phorate (phosine), phosmet (phosmet), phosphamide (phosphamidon), foscarb (phosphonocarb), phosmet (phosxim), piperonyl butoxide (piperonyl butoxide), pirimicarb (pirimicarb), pirimiphos-methyl (pirimiphos-methyl), pirimiphos (pirimiphos-ethyl), potassium oleate, prallethrin (propargyl), profenofos (profenofos), proffluthrin (profluthrin), menecarb (mepocarb), profenofos (propaphos), propite (propylthion), propylthion (propylthion), propylthion (propylthion), pyrazofos (pyriclofos), pyraflufenapyr (pyrafluprole), pyrethroids (pyremethrin), pyridalyl (pyridalyl), pyrethrum (pyrethrum), pyridaben (pyridaben), pyridalyl (pyridalyl), pyridaphenthion (pyridaphenthion), pyridaphenthion (pyridalyl), pyriminostrobin (pyrimidifen), pyrazofenozide (pyriproxyfen), pyriproxyfen (pyriproxyfen), quinalphos (quinalphos), resmethrin (resmethrin), RH-5849, ribavirin (ribavirin), RU-12457, RU-15525, chlorantraniliprole (rynapyrax), S-421, S-0001833, sulfothiotepa (salvite), keratidine (sebums), flusilafluofen (silafluofen), flufen (silafluofen), spirotetramine (pyraclostrobin (pyrad), pyraflufenozide (pyraflufen), pyraflufen (pyrazofen), pyraflufen (pyraflufen), pyraflufen (pyraflufen) (pyrazofos) (flufen), pyraflufen (thion), pyraflufen) (pyrazofos) (flufen), pyrazofos (pyrazofos) (thion), flufen) (flufen, Flufenoxuron (teflubenzuron), tefluthrin (tefluthrin), temephos (temephos), tetramethephons (temivnphos), tertbutyrocarb (terbam), terbufos (terbufos), tetrachlorvinphos (tetrachlphos), tetraclofenacet (tetradifon), tetramethrin (tetramethrin), tetramethrin (1R-isomer), dicofol (tetramsul), theta-cypermethrin, thiacloprid (thiamethoxam), thiamethoxam (thiamethoxam), thiproperonil (thiopropathrin), thiatriphos (thiocyclam), thiodicarb (thiodicarb), immonium (thiamethoxam), thifenthifenuron (thiodicarb), thifluthrin (thiamethoxam), thifenuron (thiodicarb), thifluthrin (thiamethoxam), thifenthifenuron (thiodicarb), thifenuron (thiodicarb), thifluthrin (thiamethoxam), thifenphos (tetramethrin), thiProbenazole (thiofanox), thiophosphoryl-dimethyldithiocarbamate (thiometon), thiodicap-sodium, thuringiensis (thioninx), tolfenpyrad (tolfenpyrd), deltamethrin (tranocythrin), tralomethrin (tralomethrin), transfluthrin (transfluthrin), triallate (triarthhene), triazamate (triazamate), triazophos (triazophos), triazacyclocarb (triazuron), trichlophenamine (trichlophenamine), trichlorfon (trichlorfon), triflumuron (triflumuron), methiocarb (trimethacarb), vamidothion (vamidothion), fluoropyrazole (vanine), propargyl ether (bubuter), Verticillium (Vertici), Thiaclonium-477, thiocarb-27-5-methyl-4001-5302, triazophos (Zaocytidyl), triazophos (triazophos-53074, triazophos (triazophos), triazTriazophos (zolaprofos), ZXI-8901, compound propylcarbamic acid 3-methylphenyl ester (Tsumacide Z), compound 3- (5-chloro-3-pyridyl) -8- (2,2, 2-trifluoroethyl) -8-azabicyclo [3-,. 2.1]Octane-3-carbonitrile (CAS-registry No. 185982-80-3) and the corresponding 3-endo isomer (CAS-registry No. 185984-60-5) (see WO-96/37494, WO-98/25923), as well as formulations comprising pesticidally active plant extracts, nematodes, fungi or viruses.

As used herein, "plant growing environment" refers to an area where plants are growing, such as soil in a field or pots containing soil.

As used herein, all numbers relating to amounts, weight percentages, and the like, are defined as "about" or "approximately" each particular value, i.e., plus or minus 10% (± 10%). For example, the phrase "at least 5% by weight" is to be understood as "at least 4.5% by weight to 5.5% by weight". Accordingly, the scope of the claims encompasses amounts within 10% of the claimed value.

As used herein, "% wt/wt" refers to the weight percent of a material relative to the weight percent of a formulation.

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention and to teach one of ordinary skill in the art how to prepare the formulations of the invention. They are not intended to be limiting in any way.

Examples

The following products are sources of materials used in the examples.

Agrimer^TMVA-6 (available from Ashland) was used as a source of adhesive and is a copolymer of vinyl acetate and 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone.

Tween^TM20 (available from Croda) was used as a source of surfactant, which was polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate.

Polyethylene glycol 200 is used as a solvent, which is available from Oxiteno, BASF, and Dow.

Use of7A (Zeolex available from J.M. Huber company and is a registered trademark thereof) was used as a source of sodium aluminosilicate free flow aid.

Silica sand (available from Agsco) in the size range of about 14 to about 30 mesh was used as the carrier source (particle diameter about 0.6mm to about 1.4 mm).

When preparing the formulations of the present invention, applicants used GA in the form of a technical grade active ingredient ("TGAI")₃。GA₃The percentage was about 96.6% w/w. GA in TGAI₃Can be varied by decreasing or increasing the amount of solvent to produce a desired percentage of GA in the formulation₃Causing it to be. This is in accordance with standard practice within the national environmental Protection Agency (guidelines of u.s.environmental Protection Agency) of 40c.f.r. § 158.175(b) (2).

Example 1

First, the following Table 1 was usedConcentrated GA was prepared in the amounts indicated and using the following method₃And (4) preparing the preparation. The solvent was warmed in a3 liter glass beaker with a stir plate/hot plate. Add surfactant and mix. Then add GA₃TGAI t and mixed until dissolved. The binder was added and stirred until dissolved. Next, dye was added and stirred until the formulation was homogeneous. The formulation is allowed to cool and then packaged.

FD & C red No. 40 was used as the source of the dye in this formulation.

TABLE 1

Next, 10% GA was added using the amounts shown in Table 2 below and using the following method₃Preparation for preparing GA₃And (3) sand particles. Silica sand was placed in an electric cement mixer. While blending, concentrated GA₃The formulation was slowly sprayed onto the sand. Then, GA was added₃And sodium aluminosilicate and blending. Next, the remaining sodium aluminosilicate was added and blended. Finally, the GA is sieved₃Sand particles to remove particles larger than 12 mesh and fines smaller than 30 mesh.

TABLE 2

Thus, 0.2% GA was prepared₃A granular preparation. The sand particles do not stick and do not agglomerate together. The formulation appeared uniform in color and texture and was free flowing.

Example 2

First, a concentrated GA was prepared using the amounts shown in table 3 below and using the following method₃And (4) preparing the preparation. In a3 liter glass beaker with a stir plate/hot plateAnd (5) heating the solvent. Then add GA₃TGAI and surfactant and mixed until dissolved. The binder was added and stirred until dissolved. Next, dye was added and stirred until the formulation was homogeneous. The formulation is allowed to cool and then packaged.

FD & C blue No. 1 was used as the source of the dye in this formulation.

TABLE 3

Next, 10% GA was added using the amounts shown in Table 4 below and using the following method₃Preparation for preparing GA₃And (3) sand particles. Silica sand was placed in an electric cement mixer. While blending, concentrated GA₃The formulation was slowly sprayed onto the sand. Then, GA was added₃And sodium aluminosilicate and blending. Next, the remaining sodium aluminosilicate was added and blended. Finally, the GA is sieved₃Sand particles to remove particles larger than 12 mesh and fines smaller than 30 mesh.

TABLE 4

Thus, 0.1% GA was prepared₃A sand granule formulation. The sand particles do not stick and do not agglomerate together. They appear uniform in color and texture and are free flowing.

Example 3

The following experiment was conducted to determine the GA of the present invention₃Effect of sand granule preparation on rice grain yield. Multiple trials were performed in Haryana nation (Haryana), North acamprosand (Uttarakhand) and West Bengal, India. Preparation of three GAs₃And (4) preparing the preparation. Specifically, at 0.1% and 0.2% GA₃Sand granule formulations of Table 4 were prepared at concentrations and 90% technical grade GA was added₃Preparing into wettable powder. The GA3 formulation was then diluted and applied as a broadcast spray (broadcastspray) at a rate of 12.5 grams of active ingredient per hectare together with 50 kilograms of urea per hectare. Control rice fields were treated with urea alone at each location. Rice crop yield was determined by counting ears per square meter, grains per ear, and thousand kernel weight, 9 to 18 days after transplantation. The results of these tests can be seen in table 5 below.

TABLE 5

g/HA in grams per hectare

Kg/HA means Kg/HA per hectare

As shown in Table 5, 0.1% GA₃Application of the sand granule formulation exhibited an increase in yield of 6.69% to 9.33% of the grain. 0.2% GA₃Application of the sand particle formulation exhibited a similar increase of 6.39% to 12.03%. Such an increase in rice grain yield is similar to that when 90% technical grade GA is applied₃Increase after wetting of the powder, the latter showing an increase of 6.2% to 13.45% of the rice grain yield.

Example 4

The following experiment was conducted to determine the GA of the present invention₃Effect of sand granule formulation on corn seed yield. Multiple trials were performed in Maharashtra (Maharashtra) and simegalaa, india. Preparation of three GAs₃And (4) preparing the preparation. Specifically, at 0.1% and 0.2% GA₃Sand granule formulations of Table 4 were prepared at concentrations and 90% technical grade GA was added₃Preparing into wettable powder. The GA3 formulation was then diluted and applied as a spray application at a rate of 25 grams of active ingredient per hectare, together with urea. Control corn was treated with urea alone at each location. In applicationCorn crop yield was determined 28 days after use by calculating corn cob length, number of rows per corn cob, number of kernels per corn cob and 100 seed weight. The results of these tests can be seen in table 6 below.

TABLE 6

g/HA in grams per hectare

Kg/HA means Kg/HA per hectare

As shown in Table 6, 0.1% GA₃Application of the sand granule formulation exhibited a yield increase of 3.6% to 11.9% of seed yield. 0.2% GA₃Application of the sand particle formulation exhibited a similar increase of 4.3% to 9.79%. Such an increase in corn seed yield is superior to applying 90% technical grade GA₃An increase after wetting of the flour, which shows an increase of 3.6% to 7.79% in corn seed yield.

Example 5

The following experiment was conducted to determine the GA of the present invention₃Effect of sand granule formulation on wheat grain yield. Multiple trials were performed in northern acamprosate, india. Preparation of three GAs₃And (4) preparing the preparation. Specifically, at 0.1% and 0.2% GA₃Sand granule formulations of Table 4 were prepared at concentrations and 90% technical grade GA was added₃Preparing into wettable powder. The GA3 formulation was then diluted and applied as a spray application at a rate of 12.5 grams of active ingredient per hectare along with urea. Control wheat was treated with urea alone at each location. At 23 days post-application, wheat crop yield was determined by calculating plant height, tiller count, number of ears per square meter, number of grains per ear, and test weight. The results of these tests can be seen in table 7 below.

TABLE 7

g/HA in grams per hectare

Kg/HA means Kg/HA per hectare

As shown in Table 7, 0.1% GA₃Application of the sand granule formulation exhibited a yield increase of 6.2% of grain yield. 0.2% GA₃Application of the sand particle formulation exhibited a similar increase of 6.7%. Such an increase in wheat grain yield is superior to that obtained when 90% technical grade GA is applied₃Increase after wetting of the powder, which showed a 4.9% increase in wheat grain yield.

Claims (20)

1. An agricultural granule formulation comprising:

about 0.01% wt/wt to about 1% wt/wt of at least one gibberellin selected from the group consisting of Gibberellic Acid (GA)₃) Gibberellins, gibberellins₄(GA₄) Gibberellins, gibberellins₇(GA₇) And gibberellins_4/7(GA_4/7) A group of (a);

about 0.1% wt/wt to about 1% wt/wt of at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of about 190 daltons to about 420 daltons and C8-C12 fatty acid dimethylamide;

about 0.0001% wt/w to about 0.1% wt/wt binder;

from about 0.0001% wt/wt to about 0.1% wt/wt of a nonionic surfactant;

about 0.01% wt/wt to about 2% wt/wt of a free-flow aid; and

about 97% wt/wt to about 99.9% wt/wt of sand particles having an average diameter of about 0.05mm to about 2 mm.

2. The formulation of claim 1 comprising about 0.05% wt/wt to about 0.3% wt/wt gibberellin.

3. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the solvent is polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of about 190 daltons to about 210 daltons.

4. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of: alkylated vinylpyrrolidone polymers, copolymers of vinyl acetate and 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and copolymers of polyvinylpyrrolidone and 1-eicosene.

5. The formulation of claim 4, wherein the binder is a copolymer of vinyl acetate and 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone.

6. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the non-ionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate and polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate.

7. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the non-ionic surfactant is polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate.

8. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the free flow aid is selected from the group consisting of sodium aluminosilicate, silica, calcium carbonate, and magnesium carbonate.

9. The formulation of claim 8, wherein the free-flow aid is sodium aluminosilicate.

10. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the grit particles have an average diameter of about 0.6mm to about 1.4 mm.

11. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the sand is silica sand.

12. An agricultural granule formulation comprising:

gibberellic Acid (GA) from about 0.01% wt/wt to about 1% wt/wt₃)；

About 0.1% wt/wt to about 1% wt/wt of at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of about 190 daltons to about 420 daltons and C8-C12 fatty acid dimethylamide;

from about 0.0001% wt/wt to about 0.1% wt/wt of a copolymer of vinyl acetate and 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone;

from about 0.0001% wt/wt to about 0.1% wt/wt of a nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate and polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate;

from about 0.01% wt/wt to about 2% wt/wt sodium aluminosilicate; and

about 97% wt/wt to about 99.9% wt/wt silica sand particles having an average diameter of about 0.6mm to about 1.4 mm.

13. The formulation of claim 12, comprising from about 0.1% wt/wt to about 0.2% wt/wt GA₃。

14. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the solvent is polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of about 190 daltons to about 210 daltons.

15. The formulation of claim 12, wherein the non-ionic surfactant is polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate.

16. A method for regulating plant growth, the method comprising treating a plant or plant growing environment with an effective amount of the formulation of claim 1.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the effective amount is about 0.1 to about 30 grams of gibberellin per hectare.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the effective amount is about 10 to about 25 grams of gibberellin per hectare.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of rice, cotton, corn, soybean, sugarcane, wheat, and sugar beet.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of rice, corn, and wheat.