HK1240570A1 - Pyrotechnic igniting agent - Google Patents

Description

Pyrotechnic initiator

The subject of the invention is a pyrotechnic igniter.

Pyrotechnic igniters within the scope of the invention are substances or substance mixtures which can exert a pyrotechnic effect.

The subject of the invention is in particular a pyrotechnic igniter which can be used in mechanical, electronic or optoelectronic ignition systems.

From the document DE102010025104 a1, 5 '-azotetrazolium salt explosives are known which comprise iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, cadmium or amidinourea salts of 5,5' -azotetrazole or a mixture of at least one 5,5 '-azotetrazole salt and at least one bistetrazotriazene salt (triazenate) or at least one further metal salt of 5,5' -azotetrazole or amidinourea salt. The salts described there are neutral, i.e. neither acidic nor basic. The zinc and chromium salts according to DE 102010025104A 1, 5,5' -azotetrazole are not storage-stable. Furthermore, pyrotechnic mixtures containing tetrazenes have the problem of inadequate stability to heat, since tetrazenes already decompose at 120 ℃.

It is an object of the present invention to provide another pyrotechnic initiator. It is another object of the present invention to provide pyrotechnic igniters useful in mechanical, electronic or optoelectronic ignition systems.

According to the invention, this object is surprisingly achieved by the features of the main claim.

Further developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

Surprisingly it has been found that a pyrotechnic igniter comprising a basic salt of 5,5' -azotetrazole having the following general empirical formula:

M^m+ _n(C₂N₁₀ ^2-)_p(CO₃ ^2-)_q(OH^-)_r

wherein:

m is an element of groups 3 to 12 of the periodic Table having an atomic number of 21 to 80,

(C₂N₁₀ ^2-) Is an azotetrazole dianion having the structure

m is the valence of the cation(s),

n is an integer of 1 to 6,

p is an integer of 1 to 4,

q is an integer of 0 to 8,

r is an integer from 0 to 4, and q + r ≠ 0,

wherein the proportion of the basic azotetrazolium salt component is 30-100 wt% and contains 0-70 wt% of an additive or a mixture of additives. The novel basic azotetrazolium salt compound according to the present invention has a deflagration temperature in the range of 180 ℃ to 240 ℃, a friction sensitivity of 0.1N to 1.0N and an impact sensitivity of 0.1J to 0.5J. The thermal stability of the basic azotetrazolium salt compound according to the present invention is given. The basic azotetrazolium salt compounds according to the present invention (here in particular zinc compounds) show no decomposition after 28 days of storage at 71 ℃.

Preferably, the pyrotechnic initiator is a reagent containing 10 to 60% by weight of an oxidizer as additive, said oxidizer being selected from one or more of the following: nitrates of alkali metals and/or alkaline earth metals and/or ammonium, perchlorates of alkali metals and/or alkaline earth metals and/or ammonium, peroxides of alkali metals and/or alkaline earth metals and/or zinc.

The pyrotechnic initiators particularly preferably contain 0 to 10 wt.% of a sensitizer, preferably a tetraazaolefin, as an additive.

The pyrotechnic igniter according to the invention preferably comprises 0 to 20% by weight of a reducing agent as additive, the reducing agent being selected from one or more of the following: aluminum, antimony sulfide, calcium silicide, titanium hydride, boron hydride, zirconium hydride, silicon, graphite, activated carbon, carbon black, or an abrasive, preferably cullet.

The pyrotechnic initiators particularly preferably contain 0.1 to 5 wt.% of a binder as additive, the binder being selected from one or more of the following: cellulose and its derivatives, polyvinyl butyral, polytrianitrophenyl (polynitrophenyl), polynitrophenyl ether, Plexgum, polyvinyl acetate and copolymers.

Very particularly preferably, the pyrotechnic initiator comprises

Zn²⁺ ₂(C₂N₁₀ ^2-)(CO₃ ^2-),

Zn²⁺ ₃(C₂N₁₀ ^2-)₂(CO₃ ^2-),

Zn²⁺ ₄(C₂N₁₀ ^2-)₂(CO₃ ^2-)(OH^-)₂,

Zn²⁺ ₂(C₂N₁₀ ^2-)(OH^-)₂And/or

Zn²⁺ ₃(C₂N₁₀ ^2-)₂(OH^-)₂。

The pyrotechnic igniters according to the invention are used in mechanical, electronic or optoelectronic ignition systems.

As additives there may be used:

1. oxidizing agent (alone or in a mixture) selected from:

alkali metal or alkaline earth metal or ammonium nitrates, such as sodium, potassium or ammonium nitrate, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal or ammonium perchlorates, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal or zinc peroxides.

2. Hexogen, octogen, energy-rich aggregates of nitrocellulose (Zuschl ä ge) (alone or in a mixture).

3. Reducing agents (individually or in mixtures) selected from:

aluminum, titanium hydride, boron hydride, zirconium hydride, silicon, graphite, activated carbon, carbon black.

4. A binder (alone or in a mixture) selected from:

cellulose and its derivatives, polyvinyl butyral, polytrianitrophenyl, polynitrophenyl ether, Plexigum, polyvinyl acetate, copolymers.

5. Combustion regulators, stabilizers and processing aids (alone or in a mixture) selected from:

zinc oxide, zinc carbonate, silicates, silica gel, silicas such as Aerosil (from Degussa corporation), boron nitride.

These substances are characterized by the absence of lead and barium, high ignition power, short reaction times and suitable sensitivity. These properties make it possible to reduce the amount of explosive material, which is required for safer ignition.

The decomposition temperature, friction sensitivity and impact sensitivity of selected examples are shown in table 1. The friction and impact sensitivities were measured according to the method given by the Federal materials research institute (BAM) in BAM-report 142 (1987), while the decomposition temperature was measured using dynamic differential calorimetry (DSC) (Mettler Corp.) at a heating rate of 10K/min.

The subject of the invention is in particular:

-a pyrotechnic igniter comprising a basic salt of 5,5' -azotetrazole having the following general empirical formula:

M^m+ _n(C₂N₁₀ ^2-)_p(CO₃ ^2-)_q(OH^-)_r

wherein:

m is an element of groups 3 to 12 of the periodic Table having an atomic number of 21 to 80,

(C₂N₁₀ ^2-) Is an azotetrazole dianion having the structure

m is the valence of the cation(s),

n is an integer of 1 to 6,

p is an integer of 1 to 4,

q is an integer of 0 to 8,

r is an integer from 0 to 4, and q + r ≠ 0,

wherein the proportion of the basic azotetrazolium salt component is 30 to 100% by weight and contains 0 to 70% by weight of an additive or a mixture of additives;

-a pyrotechnic igniter containing 10 to 60% by weight of an oxidizer as additive, said oxidizer being selected from one or more of the following: nitrates of alkali metals and/or alkaline earth metals and/or ammonium, perchlorates of alkali metals and/or alkaline earth metals and/or ammonium, peroxides of alkali metals and/or alkaline earth metals and/or zinc;

a pyrotechnic initiator containing 0 to 10% by weight of a sensitizer, preferably a tetraazaolefin, as an additive;

-a pyrotechnic igniter containing 0-20% by weight of a reducing agent as additive, said reducing agent being selected from one or more of the following: aluminum, antimony sulfide, calcium silicide, titanium hydride, boron hydride, zirconium hydride, silicon, graphite, activated carbon, carbon black, or an abrasive, preferably cullet;

-a pyrotechnic igniter comprising, as an additive, from 0.1 to 5% by weight of a binder selected from one or more of the following: cellulose and its derivatives, polyvinyl butyral, polytrianitrophenyl, polynitrophenyl ether, Plexigum, polyvinyl acetate and copolymers;

pyrotechnic igniters containing Zn²⁺ ₂(C₂N₁₀ ^2-)(CO₃ ^2-)；

Pyrotechnic igniters containing Zn²⁺ ₃(C₂N₁₀ ^2-)₂(CO₃ ^2-)；

Pyrotechnic igniters containing Zn²⁺ ₄(C₂N₁₀ ^2-)₂(CO₃ ^2-)(OH^-)₂；

Pyrotechnic igniters containing Zn²⁺ ₂(C₂N₁₀ ^2-)(OH^-)₂；

Pyrotechnic igniters containing Zn²⁺ ₃(C₂N₁₀ ^2-)₂(OH^-)₂；

Use of a pyrotechnic igniter in a mechanical, electronic or optoelectronic ignition system.

The invention is illustrated in more detail by the following examples, without limiting it:

the composition of the basic salts of 5 different 5,5' -azotetrazoles is listed in table 1.

Table 1: the composition of the selected basic salt of 5,5' -azotetrazole, deflagration temperature and friction and impact sensitivity.

[a] The method comprises the following steps Temperature of deflagration [ b ]: friction sensitivity [ c ]: impact sensitivity.

Claims (11)

1. Pyrotechnic igniter characterised in that it comprises a basic salt of 5,5' -azotetrazole having the following general empirical formula:

M^m+ _n(C₂N₁₀ ^2-)_p(CO₃ ^2-)_q(OH^-)_r

wherein the content of the first and second substances,

m is an element of groups 3 to 12 of the periodic Table having an atomic number of 21 to 80,

(C₂N₁₀ ^2-) Is azotetrazole having the following structureDivalent anions

m is the valence of the cation(s),

n is an integer of 1 to 6,

p is an integer of 1 to 4,

q is an integer of 0 to 8,

r is an integer from 0 to 4, and q + r ≠ 0,

wherein the proportion of the basic azotetrazolium salt component is 30-100% by weight and contains 0-70% by weight of an additive or a mixture of additives.

2. Pyrotechnic igniter according to claim 1, characterised in that it comprises as additive 10-60% by weight of an oxidizing agent chosen from one or more of the following: nitrates of alkali metals and/or alkaline earth metals and/or ammonium, perchlorates of alkali metals and/or alkaline earth metals and/or ammonium, peroxides of alkali metals and/or alkaline earth metals and/or zinc.

3. Pyrotechnic igniter according to claim 1, characterised in that it comprises as additive 0-10% by weight of a sensitizer, preferably a tetraazalene.

4. A pyrotechnic igniter as claimed in claim 1 comprising as additive from 0 to 20% by weight of a reducing agent selected from one or more of the following: aluminum, antimony sulfide, calcium silicide, titanium hydride, boron hydride, zirconium hydride, silicon, graphite, activated carbon, carbon black, or an abrasive, preferably cullet.

5. Pyrotechnic igniter according to claim 1, characterised in that it contains as additive from 0.1 to 5% by weight of a binder chosen from one or more of the following: cellulose and its derivatives, polyvinyl butyral, polytrianitrophenyl, polynitrophenyl ether, Plexigum, polyvinyl acetate and copolymers.

6. Pyrotechnic igniter according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that it comprises Zn²⁺ ₂(C₂N₁₀ ^2-)(CO₃ ^2-)。

7. Pyrotechnic igniter according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that it comprises Zn²⁺ ₃(C₂N₁₀ ^2-)₂(CO₃ ^2-)。

8. Pyrotechnic igniter according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that it comprises Zn²⁺ ₄(C₂N₁₀ ^2-)₂(CO₃ ^2-)(OH^-)₂。

9. Pyrotechnic igniter according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that it comprises Zn²⁺ ₂(C₂N₁₀ ^2-)(OH^-)₂。

10. Pyrotechnic igniter according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that it comprises Zn²⁺ ₃(C₂N₁₀ ^2-)₂(OH^-)₂。

11. Use of a pyrotechnic igniter as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 10 in a mechanical, electronic or optoelectronic ignition system.