HK1115421B - Automatic proximity faucet - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a hands-free faucet, according to the preambles of claims 1 and 17 and, more particularly, to a hands-free faucet that operates consistently and that reduces intermittent and undesired activation and deactivation of fluid flow.

BACKGROUND

A serious drawback in traditional faucets is that they are easily contaminated with germs. The germs can then be transferred from one person using the faucet to the next person using the faucet when each person has touched the handle of the faucet. Many users fear contacting the germs by touching the faucet handle. The fear prevents many users from using faucets in public. A hands-free faucet, on the other hand, eliminates the problem of users contacting germs and the fear of using faucets in public.

. In many hands-free faucets, a sensor detects the presence of the user. Many of the sensors use infrared light. In order to sense the user with theses units, the user must be located directly in the path of the light beam. Accordingly, if the user does not stand directly in that light path, or moves out of the light path, then the sensor does not detect the user, and the water will not turn on or will turn off before it should. One way to overcome this shortcoming in a hands-free faucet is to utilized a capacitive field sensor. This type of sensor, which works by detecting an electric charge at or near the sensor, can detect presence of a user whenever he or she is near the faucet. A faucet using a capacitive field sensor is designed to remain activated as long as the user is near the faucet.

. Automatic faucets using capacitive field sensors, however, have been found to have several significant problems. First, faucets have turned on for no apparent reason. This appears to have occurred when there is some movement near the faucet, even if not by an approaching user. Such movement can be a nearby faucet turning an, a nearby toilet flushing, or someone walking by the unit Second, these faucets have not always worked consistently and, at times, would not stay on as long as they should. This appears to have occurred when the sensor switches its operational mode from sensing a user through the air surrounding the sensor to sensing the continued presence of the user through the flow of water.

. The present invention solves these problems in hands-free faucets according to claims 1 and 17, using capacitive field sensors. It is desirable, in particular, to have a hands-free faucet that uses a capacitive field sensor and that will turn on only when approached by the person desiring to use the faucet. It is also desirable to have a hands-free faucet that users a capacitive field sensor in which the faucet will continuously be on, without shutting off prematurely, the whole time that the user is near the faucet and desiring to wash his or her hands.

US-A-5730165 describes a hands-free faucet according to the preambles of claims 1 and 17 hereof.

BRIEF SUMMARY

The present invention provides hands-free faucets as claimed in claims 1 and 17 hereof. Preferred but optional features of the invention are specified in claims 2 to 16 and 18 to 21.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the drawings hereof, in which:

Figure 1 is a front view of an embodiment of a hands-free faucet ;

Figure 2 is a partial cutaway view of a spout mounted to a surface in Figure 1 ;

Figure 3 is a front cutaway view of the mixing and valve housing ;

Figure 4 is a side exploded view of a valve assembly ;

Figure 5 is a partial top cutaway view of Figure 3 ;

Figure 6 is a flow diagram of a manual override method ;

Figure 7 is a flow diagram of a control logic of a sensor utilizing two modes ;

Figure 8 is a side cutaway view of a valve housing ; and

Figure 9 is a side perspective of the hands-free faucet mounted on a sink.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS AND THE PRESENTLY PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The presently preferred embodiment provides a system for ensuring consistent control of an automatic faucet. In one embodiment, the system contains a faucet that utilizes a sensor to detect the presence of a user within a predetermined proximity of the faucet. The sensor is grounded and isolated to prevent the faucet from shutting off prematurely, and the field of the sensor from extending beyond a predetermined size. As a result, the system provides consistent operation and ensures that the faucet functions as intended

Figure 1 shows a front view of an embodiment of an automatic faucet The embodiment comprises a spout 10, a valve housing 12, and a mixing housing 14. Preferably, hot and cold water enter the system through a hot water inlet line 16 and a cold water inlet line 18. The hot and cold water inlet lines 16, 18 have shut-off valves 17, 19 to allow for simplified maintenance of the system. The hot and cold water inlet lines 16, 18 are operatively connected to the mixing housing 14. In the present embodiment, the hot water inlet and cold water inlet line 16, 18 are connected to the mixing housing 14 at the nine and three o'clock positions respectively. The hot water inlet 16 and cold water inlet line 18 are connected to the mixing housing 14 by compression fittings, solder, or other means known in the art.

Preferably, the mixing housing 14 mixes the hot and cold water from the hot water inlet line 16 and cold water line 18 respectively to a desired temperature, as described below. The mixed water then travels through a valve adapter 20 to the valve housing 12. The valve housing 12 contains an electrically-operable valve, hereinafter discussed in detail, which controls the flow o the water. When the valve is open, the stream of mixed water travels through an outlet 22 to the spout 10. Preferably, the spout 10 directs the stream of mixed water through an opening in the spout 10 to the atmosphere.

In an alternate embodiment, a mixing housing 14 is not utilized. In this embodiment, either the hot water inlet line 16, the cold water inlet line 18, or an alternate line is directly connected to the valve housing 12.

In the present embodiment, to the spout 10 also serves as a sensing plate 24. In the present embodiment, the sensing plate 24 is electrically connected to a capacitor-based sensor circuit, embodiments of which are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,730,165 and 6,466,036 . The sensing plate 24 and capacitor-based sensor circuit, which will be described hereinafter, serves as a sensor to detect the user. When the sensor detects the approach of a user, it sends the activation signal to a valve actuation mechanism. The valve actuation mechanism then opens the valve. The sensor also monitors the presence of the use, and when the sensor no longer detects a user, the sensor terminates the activation signal, and the valve closes. Although the illustrated sensing plate 24 is a spout 10, the sensing plate 24 can be a separate element positioned adjacent to or away from the spout 10.

As shown in Figure 2, an aerator 26 is threaded to the spout 10 at the terminal end of the spout 10. The aerator 26 maintains fluid pressure by mixing air into the fluid. At another end, a threaded fitting 30 couples couples the spout 10 to a surface 28. In this embodiment, the spout 10 can have many shapes. Besides the rectangular and circular cross-sections that are shown, the spout 10 encompasses many other designs that vary by shape, height, accessories (e.g. use of a built-in or attachable filters for example), color, etc.

Referring to Figure 1 and 3, the presently preferred mixing housing 14 encloses a mixing valve 32. As noted above, hot and cold water are blended to a pre-set temperature. The mixing valve 32 blends the hot and cold waters by combining the two waters utilizing means known in the art. In the present embodiment, the mixing housing 14 and valve housing 12 are connected by a valve adapter 20.

As shown in Figure 3, in the present embodiment, the mixing housing 14 is coupled to the valve housing 12 by a valve adapter 20. Presently, the valve adapter 20 is a cylinder having a keyway 36 and threads 38 at one end as shown inFigure 4. When secured to the valve housing 12, a valve pin 40 sits within the keyway 36, ensuring a secure connection between the valve housing 12 and the valve adapter 20, An O-ring 42 preferably provides a positive fluid tight seal between the valve housing 12 and the valve adapter 20, An axial filter 44 can be disposed within the valve adapter 20 to separate fluids from particulate flowing from the mixing housing 14 to the valve housing 12. The filter 44 can comprise a mesh or a semi-permeable membrane. In another embodiment, other materials that selectively pass fluids without passing some or all contaminants can be used as a filter. In an alternate embodiment, the valve housing 12 and mixing housing 14 are combined into a unitary housing. In this alternate embodiment, a valve adapter 20 is not required.

As shown in Figure 3 and 4, the valve housing 12 encloses a motor 46. Preferably, the motor 46 is mechanically coupled to a cam 48. In the embodiment, the cam 48 is a wheel with a varying radius. The cam 48 is mounted to the motor 46 through a shaft and gear train 50. Preferably, the cam 48 and a cam follower translate the rotational motion of the shaft into a substantially linear movement that opens and closes a diaphragm 54. In this embodiment, the cam 48 has an offset pivot that produces a variable or reciprocating motion within a cutout portion of the cam follower. The cam follower is moved by the cam 48 within an orifice, which engages a rod-like element. Preferably, the rod-like element comprises a pilot 56 that slides through an orifice 58. Movement of the pilot 56 can break the closure between the inlet port 60 and outlet port 62 by moving the diaphragm 54.

The diaphragm 54 is connected to the pilot 56 by a bias plate 66. Preferably, the diaphragm 64 is coupled between legs of the bias plate 66 by a connected 68. In this embodiment, the connected 68 comprises a threaded member. However, the connector 68 can be an adhesive, a fastener or other attaching methods know in the art.

As shown in Figures 3-5, when the valve mechanism is closed, the diaphragm 54 sits against a seating ring or seating surface 70. In this position, the fluid and the pilot 56 exert a positive pressure against the diaphragm 54 which assures a fluid-tight seal between the inlet port 60 from an oulet port 62. When the pilot pressure is released the fluid pressure acting on the underside of the diaphragm 54 exceeds the seating pressure of the fluid pressing against the inlet surface of the diaphragm 54. When the pressure is greater on the underside than that on the inlet side, the diaphragm 54 is forced up which opens the valve and allows for a continuous angled fluid flow. When a pilot pressure is re-exerted, a fluid backpressure builds up on the inlet surface of the diaphragm 54. Preferably, the pilot 56 and fluid backpressure force the diaphragm 54 to seat, which in turn, stops the flow. The build up of backpressure occurs after the sensor no longer senses an appendage such as a hand.

As shown in Figure 3-5, the diaphragm 54, which is the part of a valve mechanism that opens or closes fluid communication between the inlet port 60 and the outlet port 62, is wedge-shaped. Some diaphragm 54, however, can have a uniform thickness throughout or have many other shapes depending on the contour of the seating surface.

Figure 4 shows an exploded view of the valve assembly. A housing 12 encloses a pilot valve assembly 74 and a board containing the sensor circuit 76. In this embodiment, the capacitor-based sensor circuit 76 interfaces the sensing plate 24 to the motor 46. A compression of a moling 78 that outlines the lower edges of the housing cover 80 causes a fluid tight seal to form around the edges of the housing 12. Preferably, power to the sensor circuit 76 and motor 46 are passed trhough the sides of the housing cover 80 through orifices 82. In the present embodiment, battery packs provide the primary power. Preferably, low-voltage direct current power supplies or battery packs drive a Direct Current motor and the logic. In an alternate embodiment, the power is provided by hardwired alternating current with or without a battery backup.

The pilot valve assembly 74 of the hands-free embodiment shown in Figure 3-5 is preferably comprised of the motor 46, its shaft, the cam 48, the cam follower, the gear train 50, and the pilot 56. Preferably, the O-ring 84 shown in Figure 3 makes a fluid tight seal between the motor 46, its shaft, the cam 48, cam follower, the gear train 50 and a portion of the pilot 56. Preferably, the seal is located approximately three quarters down the length of the pilot valve assembly 74.

In the present embodiment, the hands-free faucet also includes an override control that allows for continuous water flow without requiring a use to be present. The override control shown in Figure 4 comprises an override arm 88. The override arm 88 fits on a stem 90. The stem 90 is a cylindrical projection extending from an outward face of one of the interconnected gears that from the gear train 50. In this embodiment, the stem 90 is a part of a spur gear 92 having teeth radially arrayed on its rim parallel to its axis of rotation.

In the present embodiment, a strike plate 94 is connected to the spur gear 92 by 8 shaft 96. The shaft 96 transmits power from the motor 46 through the gear train 50 to the pilot 56. As shown, the strike plate 94 can interrupt the rotation of the shaft 96 and gear train 50 when the pilot 56 reaches a top or a bottom limit of travel, preferably, preferably established by the stem 90 connecting the convex surfaces of the strike plate 94. At one end, the stem 90 strikes a positive moderate sloping side surface 98 of the strike plate 94. At another end, the stem 90 strikes a substantially linear side surface 100.

Preferably, an override knob 102 shown in Figure 4 is coupled to an override shaft 104 projecting from the override arm 88. In this embodiment, when the override knob 102 is turned clockwise, the gear train 50 rotates until a projection 106 on the override arm 88 strikes the substantially linear side surface 100 of the strike plate 94. In this position, the pressure on the underside of the diaphragm 54 will be greater than that on the inlet side, and the valve will be open.

Preferably, an electronic detent locks the movement of the shaft 96 until the sensor detects a user or the override knob 102 is manually turned to another mode. When the sensor detects a user, the valve remains open. When the user is no longer detected, which can occur when the sensor no longer senses an appendage, the hands-free embodiment automatically returns to its automatic mode. As the hands-free embodiment transitions from the open to the automatic mode, the override knob 102 will automatically rotate from the open marking to the auto marking on the housing. In this embodiment, hands-free faucet is continuously flushed by an uninterrupted fluid flow that is shut off by a sensor detection after a manual selection.

While some embodiments encompass only an open and an automatic mode, another hands-free embodiment also encompasses a closed mode. In this mode, the valve is closed and the motor 46 will not respond to the sensor. While such a control has many configurations, in one embodiment this control can be an interruption of the ground or power source the motor 46 by the opening of an electronic, mechanical, and/or an electro-mechanical switch. Only a turning of the override knob 102 to the automatic or open mode will allow fluid to flow from the inlet port 60 to the outlet port 62.

As shown in Figure 6, the operation of the open mode begins when an open selection is made at act 162. Once the open selection is made, fluid flows. Fluid flow is shut off by either an automatic or manual selection at act 164. In a manual mode, the detection of a user biases the motor 46 to rotate the gear train 50 which is already in an open position. When a user is no longer detected, the motor 46 rotates the gear train 50 and the override knob 102 to the auto position shutting off fluid flow at act. In an automatic selection, the sensor initiates a fluid flow when a user is detected in a field of view at act 168. When an activation signal is received, an electronic switch electrically connected to the sensor actuates the motor 46 at act 170. Once the user is no longer detected, the motor 46 rotates the gear train 50, cam 48, and the cam follower 52 from an active state of continuous fluid flow to an inactive state of no fluid flow at acts 172 and 174. When in an automatic state, fluid will again flow when a user is again detect in the field of view.

The above-described system provides an easy-to-install, reliable means of flushing a hands-free fixture without requiring continuous sensor detection. While the system and has been described in cam and gear embodiments, many other alternatives are possible. Such alternatives include automatic actuators, solenoid-driven systems, and any other system that uses valves for fluid distribution.

Furthermore, the detent is not limited to an electronic detent that can be unlocked by an activation signal sourced by a sensor. The electronic detent can comprise a programmable timing device that sustains an uninterrupted fluid flow for an extended period of time. Moreover, the hands-free system and method also embrace mechanical detents, for example, that lock movement of the motor 64 or the gear train 50 and/or the shaft 96. One such embodiment can comprise a catch lever that seats within a channel of the spur gear 92 of the gear train 50. Preferably, the torque of the motor 46 and/or a manual pressure can unlock some of these embodiments.

Many other alternative embodiments are also possible. For example, the mixing valve 14 shown in Figures 1 and 3 can comprises an above surface or an above-deck element that provides easily accessible hot and cold adjustments which allows users to adjust or preset the temperature of the water being dispensed from the spout 10. In an alternative embodiment, the han-free fixture can include a scalding prevention device, such as a thermostatic control that limits water temperature and/or a pressure balancing system that maintains constant water temperature no matter what other water loads are in use, as known in the art Preferably, the non-scalding device and pressure balancing systems are interfaced to and control the mixing valve 14 and are unaffected by water pressure variation.

In yet another alternative embodiment, the limits of travel of the pilot 56 can be defined by the contacts between the override arm 88 and the convex surfaces of the strike plate 94. At one end of this embodiment, the override arm 88 strikes a positive moderate sloping side surface 98 of the strike plats 94 and at another end the override arm 88 strikes a substantially linear side surface 100.In another alternative, pilot 56 movement causes the pilot supply air 120 shown in Figure 5 to be vented to the atmosphere which unseats the diaphragm 64 allowing fluid to flow from the inlet port 60 to the outlet port 62. In this embodiment, the fluid which comprises a substance that moves freely but has a tendency to assume the shape of its container will flow continuously until the venting is closed. Once the vent is closed, a backpressure builds up on the diaphragm 54 isolates the inlet port 60 from the outlet port 62.

Installation of the hands-free embodiments can be done above or below a sink deck or surface. While the complexity of the installation can vary, the above-described embodiments can use few pre-assembled parts to connect the outlet port 62 to an output accessory. For example, a valve pin seated within a keyway can provide a seal between the valve housing and the output accessory. An O-ring can also be used to provide a positive fluid tight seal between the valve housing and accessory.

As illustrated in Figure 7 above, the sensor circuit 76 controls the sensor. In a preferred embodiment, the software invoices two modes of operation. The first mode 176 of operation is through the air. During this mode, the sensor provides a group of short pulses through the air. When a user approaches, the sensor detects the user at act 178, and the sensor circuit 76 sends a signal to activate the motor 46, which opens the valve at act 180, and the sensor circuit 76 switches to the second mode of operation. The second mode 182 operates through the stream of water. In this mode, the sensor monitors the presence of the user in the water stream at act 184. When the user is no longer in the water stream, the sensor detects the absence of the user, and deactivates the motor 46, thereby closing the valve at act 186 and shutting off the water flow. The sensor circuit 76 then returns to the first mode of operation 176.

To ensure consistent operation of the sensor, a consistent ground reference must be maintained during transition between the two modes of operation. More specifically, a consistent ground reference must be maintained during the transition from sensing through the air 176 to sensing through the water stream 182. In the present embodiment, the non-conductive inlet port 60 and outlet port 62 are situated within a non-conductive valve housing 12. Prior to the detection of a user, a diaphragm 54 separates the inlet port 60 from the outlet port. 62. In the preferred embodiment, the diaphragm 54 is made of rubber, and therefore, interrupts the ground potentially provided by the water in the inlet port 60 and outlet pod 62. In the present embodiment, a consistent ground reference is accomplished by electrically connecting the inlet port 60 to outlet port 62 regardless of the position of the diaphragm 54.

As indicated in Figure 8, a pin 184 is present to electrically connect the input port 60 to the output port 62 through the seating surface 70. By locating the pin 184 in the seating surface 70, the pin 184 electrically connects the input port 60 to the output port 62 regardless of the position of the diaphragm 54. The pin 184 prevents a large change in the ground reference when the diaphragm 54 opens; thereby providing a stable ground reference connection between the inlet port 60 and outlet port 62. The establishment of a stable ground reference ensures that the change in resistance remains in the normal range of the signal, thereby preventing premature deactivation.

As shown in Figure 9, the presence of a direct ground further ensures a robust ground reference. In the present embodiment, the direct connection to the earth ground 136 is obtained through a first ground wire 138 connecting the sensor circuit 76 to an earth ground 136. Presently, the earth ground 136 is a metal pipe that leads to the cold water inlet valve 19. The first ground wire 138 is electrically attached to the earth ground 136 by a metallic clamp 140. In the preferred embodiment, a screw 142 serves as a junction between the first ground wire 138 and a ground wire 141 originating from the sensor circuit 76, which is located within the valve housing 12. In alternate embodiments, the first ground wire 138. can be attached directly to the earth ground 136, or by any other means that allows electricity to be conducted from the first ground wire 138 to the earth ground 136. By bypassing any crimps in metal braided fittings or any pipe tape or any pipe tape or dope the direct ground avoids any possible compromises to the ground connection. The direct ground further provides a robust ground reference that decreases the possibility of the faucet prematurely activating.

Installation of the preferred embodiment onto or near a metallic surface 28, including but not limited to stainless steel and cast iron sinks, requires additional grounding. More specifically, in the preferred embodiment, the spout. 10 is electrically connected to the sensor circuit 76 by a, sensing wire 148. The sensing wire 148 extends from the sensor circuit 76 and is connected to an electrically conductive stem 144 of the spout 10 by a first metallic tab washer 146. In the preferred embodiment, the stem 144 contains threading and is situated in a aperture within the metallic surface 28. A nut 150 secures the first metallic tab washer 146 to the stem 144. The nut 150 contains threading that corresponds to the threading on the stem 144. Preferably, the nut 150 is electrically conductive, as to ensure an electrical connection between the first metallic tab washer 146 and the stem 144.

To ensure that spout 10, stem 144, tab washer 146, and nut 150 are not in electrical contact with the metallic surface 28, the assembly contains a top spacer 152 and a bottom spacer 154. In the present embodiment, the top spacer 152 is positioned between the spout 10 and the surface 28. The top spacer 152 contains a similar cross-section to that of the spout 10. However, the top spacer 152 ia other embodiments may utilize other shapes that isolate the spout 10 from the surface 28. The top spacer 152 contains an aperture through which the stem 144 can be positioned.

Preferably, the bottom spacer 154 is positionned below the metallic surface 28, but above the first metallic tab washer 146. The bottom spacer 154 in the present embodiment has a washer shaper, although other embodiments may contain bottom spacers of other shapes. The bottom spacer 154 contains an aperture through which the stem 144 can be positioned. In the present embodiment, the bottom spacer has a ridge 156, which is located around the diameter of the aperture of the bottom spacer 154, In the preferred operation, the ridge 156 extends through the metallic surface 28 and enters the aperture of top spacer 152, thereby completely isolating the stem 144, spout 10, and sensor wire 148 from the metallic surface 28, while allowing the nut 150 to be tightened onto the stem 144 to ensure that the spout, 10 is securely attached to the metallic surface 28. The tightening of the nut 150 also ensure that the sensor wire 148 has an electrical connection to the stem 144 and spout 10. To ensure proper isolation, the top spacer 152 and bottom spacer 154 should be made of an electrical insulator.

In the preferred embodiment, a second ground wire 158 grounds the metallic surface 28. In the present embodiment, the second ground wire 158 is electrically connected to the metallic surface 28 by a second metallic tab washer 160. The second metallic tab washer 154 is located between the metallic surface 28 and the bottom spacer 154. The second metallic tab washer 160 contain an aperture through which the ridge 156 of the bottom spacer 154 can be positioned. The ridge 156 thereby isolates the second metallic tab washer 160 from the stem 144 and spout 10. In the presently preferred embodiment, the second ground wire 158 is electrically connected to the first ground wire 138 by the screw 142 that serves as a junction.

By isolating and grounding the metallic surface 28, the sensing plate 24 is limited to the stem 144 and spout 10, and therefore, the hands-free faucet will not activate when a user approaches the metallic surface 28, but does not approach the spout 10. In an alternate embodiment, the second ground wire 158 can be directly connected to the earth ground 136.

It is therefore intended that the foregoing detailed description be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting and that it be understood that it is the following claims that are intended to define the scope of this invention.

Claims (21)

1. A hands-free faucet for installation in the proximity of an electrical ground to provide water from at least one reservoir, comprising: a conductive sensing plate (24) ; a capacitor-based sensor circuit (76) electrically connected to the sensing plate, the conductive sensitive plate (24) and the capacitor-based sensor circuit (76) serving as a sensor to detect a user; a non-conductive valve housing (12) containing an electrically-operable valve which controls the flow of water, said valve having a valve inlet port (60) and valve outlet port (62), the valve outlet port (62) being operatively connected to the sensing plate (24), and a grounding wire (138) connecting in use, the capacitor based sensor circuit to the electrical ground (136), characterised by:

   a non-conductive seating ring (70) situated between the valve inlet port (60) and the valve outlet port (62); and

   a conductive connector (184) traversing the seating ring, the conductive connector providing an electrical connection between the valve inlet port (60) and the valve outlet port (62).
2. A hands-free faucet according to claim 1, including a non-conductive diaphragm (54) in the proximity of the seating ring (70), wherein in a first state, the diaphragm (54) does not contact the seating ring (70), and in a second state, the diaphragm (54) operatively seals the valve inlet port (60) from the valve outlet port (62).
3. A hands-free faucet according to claim 2, wherein the conductive connector is a metal pin (84).
4. A hands-free faucet according to claim 2 or 3, including a motor (46) having a shaft, wherein the motor is operatively, connected to the diaphragm (54) and switches the diaphragm from its first state to its second state when activated.
5. A hands-free faucet according to claim 4, wherein the capacitor-based sensor circuit (76) is electrically connected to the motor (46).
6. A hands-free faucet according to any preceding claim, wherein the sensing plate (24) is a spout (10).
7. A hands-free faucet according to any preceding claim, wherein the sensing plate (24;10) and the capacitor-based sensor circuit (76) comprise a proximity sensor.
8. A hands-free faucet according to claim 7, wherein the proximity sensor operates in a first mode that senses the presence of a user by sending a plurality of short pulses.
9. A hands-free faucet according to claim 8, wherein the proximity sensor operates in a second mode that senses the presence of a user by sending a plurality of wide pulses.
10. A hands-free faucet according to claim 9, wherein the proximity sensor switches from the first mode to the second mode when the proximity sensor detect a user.
11. A hands-free faucet according to claim 10, wherein the proximity sensor switches from the second mode to the first mode when the proximity sensor no longer detects a user.
12. A hands-free faucet according to any of claims 7 to 11, wherein the motor receives an activation signal from the proximity sensor, the faucet including ; an override control is coupled to the motor, the override control being configured to allow a continuous flow of fluids though the faucet when the motor is not receiving the activation signal from the proximity sensor; and an electronic detent is coupled to the override control, the electronic detent being configured to unlock and allow movement of the shaft of the motor when the activation signal is received from the override control.
13. A hands-free faucet according to any preceding claim, wherein the conductive sensing plate (24) is electrically 5 connected to the capacitor-based sensor circuit by a sensing wire (148). from the override control.
14. A hands-free faucet according to claim 6 when installed, the faucet including a non-conductive top spacer (152), located between the spout and a surface (28) upon which the spout is mounted, and a non-conductive bottom spacer (154).
15. A hands-free faucet according to claim 14, wherein a part of the non-conductive bottom spacer (154), said part being in form of a ridge (156), is located between the spout and the surface upon which the spout is mounted.
16. A hands-free faucet according to claim 14 or 15, including a second grounding wire (158) electrically connecting the surface to an electrical ground in proximity to the faucet.
17. A hands-free faucet for installation on an electrically conductive surface (28) in the proximity of an electrical ground (136), comprising: a conductive spout (10); a capacitor-based sensor circuit (76) electrically, connected to the spout (10), the conductive spout (10) and the capacitor-based sensor circuit, serving as a sensor to detect a user; a non-conductive valve housing (12) containing an electrically-operable valve which controls the flow of water, said valve having a valve inlet port (60) and a valve outlet port (62), the alve outlet port (62) being operatively connected to the conductive spout (10), and a first electrical conductor (138) electrically connecting in use, the capacitor-based sensor circuit (76) to the electrical ground (136), the hands-free faucet being characterised by :

    a non-conductive top spacer (152) located between the spout (10) and the conductive surface (28);

    a non-conductive bottom spacer (154) ; and

    a conductive pin (184) within the valve housing (12) which provides a continuous electrical connection between the valve inlet port (60) and the valve outlet port (62).
18. A hands-free faucet according to claim 17, wherein a part of the non-conductive bottom spacer (154), said part being in the form of a ridge (156), is located between the spout and the surface upon which the spout is mounted.
19. A hands-free faucet according to claim 17 or 18 when installed, wherein an electrically conductive surface on which the faucet is installed is electrically connected to an electrical ground in proximity to the faucet.
20. A hands-free faucet according to claim 19, including a second electrical conductor (158) electrically connecting the electrically conductive surface to the electrical ground.
21. A hands-free faucet according to claim 20, wherein the second electrical conductor is electrically connected to the first electrical conductor.