HK1167120B - Method for producing cutting blade and cutting blade produced by this method - Google Patents

Description

Method for manufacturing cutting blade and cutting blade manufactured by same

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a cutting blade of a shear crusher or the like for crushing various objects to be crushed by shearing action, and a cutting blade manufactured by the method.

Background

Conventionally, there is known a shear crusher for shearing and crushing a solid object to be crushed such as plastic, wood chips, paper, metal, rubber, fiber, and leather. For example, as such a shear crusher, there is a shear crusher which the present applicant has previously applied (see patent document 1).

As shown in a plan view showing a shear crusher in fig. 7 and a sectional view VIII-VIII shown in fig. 7 in fig. 8, in this shear crusher 100, spacers 104 are alternately arranged across a plurality of rotating blades 103 in the axial direction of rotating shafts 101 and 102. The spacer 104 is formed with an outer diameter that positions and fixes the rotary blade 103 in the axial direction and that can position the base of the rotary blade 103 in the axial direction.

These rotary blades 103 have blade rests 106 fixed to the rotary shafts 101 and 102 and split-type cutting blades 105 fixed around the periphery of the blade rests 106, and the cutting blades 105 are arranged in a state of being meshed with each other and overlapping with each other with an axial gap of, for example, about 0.1mm to 1mm provided between the side surfaces of the rotary blades 103 rotating in the rotation direction R. The cutting blades 105 provided on the outer periphery of the rotating blades 103 crush the object to be crushed 120 by shearing action between the rotating blades 103 opposed thereto while sucking the object to be crushed 120.

An engagement step portion 107 is provided on the mounting surface of the cutting blade 105, and engages with an engagement projection 108 provided on the blade base 106 to receive the crushing reaction force. The divided cutting blade 105 has a front end edge portion 109 that protrudes outward and is pointed in the rotation direction of the blade front end portion, and a side edge portion 110 (side edge) along the outer shape of the side surface, and the cutting blade 105 having these edge portions 109, 110 that wear out early due to shear fracture is divided, and only the cutting blade 105 can be replaced.

However, since the leading edge portion 109 of the cutting blade 105 used in the shear crusher is used to crush an object to be crushed by being drawn in and is sheared by the leading edge portion 109 and the side edge portion 110, the leading edge portion 109 and the side edge portion 110 are worn out early as described above.

As such early wear, the front end edge 109 and the side edge 110 form circular wear, and when such wear occurs, the crushing performance is reduced, and the crushing efficiency is lowered. Further, the object to be crushed may be chipped at the leading edge portion 109 and the side edge portion 110, and the chipping may cause a reduction in crushing performance and a reduction in crushing efficiency. Therefore, when such wear or chipping occurs, a new cutting blade 105 is usually replaced every time.

However, since the cutting blade 105 is made of an expensive material such as alloy tool steel as a whole in order to improve wear resistance, in the case of a shear type crusher using a plurality of cutting blades 105 in one crusher, the cost required for replacing the cutting blade is high. Moreover, since a very long time is required for replacing the cutting blade 105, the rate of operation of the crusher is low, the productivity is reduced, and much labor is required.

Therefore, the present applicant has already filed an invention in which, for example, a base portion (central metal base) is formed of inexpensive carbon steel, and a surface portion such as a tip edge portion of a blade tip portion is formed of a special powder alloy layer having excellent wear resistance, impact resistance, and the like, thereby extending the life of the blade tip portion (see patent document 2). In this invention, a tungsten carbide-based special powder alloy is welded to the periphery of the hook-shaped tip portion by a fusion-shot method, and then the surface is finished by grinding.

Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 8-323232;

patent document 2: japanese patent No. 2851000.

Disclosure of Invention

However, in the invention of patent document 2, the portion other than the portion formed with the special powder alloy layer may be worn out early depending on the conditions such as the type of the object to be crushed and the amount of processing. Further, the manufacturing equipment and the processing work require different costs depending on the size and shape of the cutting blade.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a cutting blade, which has a long edge part life and a low replacement frequency and can reduce manufacturing costs, and a cutting blade manufactured by the method.

In order to achieve the above object, a method of manufacturing a cutting blade for a shear crusher according to the present invention is a cutting blade including a blade tip portion protruding outward from a fixed portion, the blade tip portion including a tip edge portion that is pointed in a rotation direction, the cutting blade including the blade tip portion including a side edge portion along a side outer edge of the cutting blade, the method including: the method for manufacturing the cutting edge of the present invention includes a step of performing a predetermined chamfering to the thickness direction of the tip edge portion and the outer shape end of the side edge portion, a step of performing build-up welding with a hardened build-up welding material in the thickness direction of the cutting edge of the tip edge portion, a step of performing build-up welding with a hardened build-up welding material to the tip edge portion of the edge portion along the side outer shape of the cutting edge, and a step of finishing the built-up part by a machining method to form the two edge portions. With this, the hardness of the distal end edge portion of the blade distal end portion provided outward from the fixed portion and the side edge portion of the cutting blade provided with the blade distal end portion can be increased by the hardened surfacing material, and therefore, a low-hardness material can be used for the base body of the cutting blade, and the cutting blade with reduced material cost and manufacturing cost can be provided.

The overlay welding of the tip edge portion may include a step of performing arc spot welding at both ends of the cutting blade in the thickness direction of the tip edge portion, and a step of performing overlay welding with a hardened overlay welding material in the thickness direction from the end previously subjected to the arc spot welding. By doing so, it is possible to prevent weld sagging at both ends in the thickness direction where arc spot welding is performed, and to perform stable overlay welding.

Further, the bead welding of the tip end portion may be performed by at least 2 layers from the side on which the bead welding is first performed. By doing so, the hardness of the most worn tip edge portion can be further increased, and the life of the cutting blade can be further extended.

The overlay welding of the side edge portion may include a step of performing overlay welding on the tip edge portion with the hardened overlay welding material along the side surface outer shape of the cutting blade, and a step of performing overlay welding on the tip edge portion in a reverse direction along the side surface outer shape with the hardened overlay welding material. By doing so, distortion of the cutting edge caused by the build-up welding can be suppressed.

The cutting blade may be a divided cutting blade detachably fixed to a blade base fixed to the rotary shaft and fixed around the blade base, and the overlay welding of the side edge may include a step of performing arc spot welding at both ends in the thickness direction of an acute angle portion of an end portion of the outer shape of the side surface of the divided cutting blade and a step of performing overlay welding with a hardened overlay welding material from the end portion subjected to the arc spot welding to the tip edge portion. In this case, even in the divided cutting blade separable from the blade base, the hardness of the entire periphery of the side edge portion can be increased by the hardened build-up material, and the manufacturing cost of the cutting blade can be reduced by forming the base body with a low-hardness material.

In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a cutting edge for a shear type crusher, wherein the cutting edge is manufactured by any one of the above-described methods for manufacturing a cutting edge, a base of the cutting edge is formed of a low-hardness material, a tip edge portion and a side edge portion of the cutting edge are formed by overlay welding using a high-hardness hardened overlay welding material, and a overlay welding portion of the side edge portion is continuously formed over an entire circumference. With this, the material cost of the cutting blade can be reduced, and the machining area of the high-hardness material can be reduced, thereby reducing the time and cost required for machining. Moreover, the cutting blade adopts high-hardness materials on the whole circumference of the front end edge part and the side edge part, so that good crushing performance can be kept for a long time, and the frequency of replacing the cutting blade is reduced.

The substrate of the cutting blade may be made of low alloy steel or carbon steel, and the hardened surfacing material may be made of a material having a vickers hardness of 350 to 1800. By doing so, it is possible to perform overlay welding using a hardened overlay welding material such as martensite, high-chromium iron, tungsten carbide, or the like, which is easily available, and it is possible to relatively easily increase the hardness of the edge portion.

The present invention can provide a cutting blade in which the hardness of the leading edge portion and the side edge portion is improved, the hardness of the portion directly used for shearing and crushing is high, the life is long, and the base can be manufactured at a low cost.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a cutting blade according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 (a) to (c) are perspective views showing a method of manufacturing the cutting blade shown in fig. 1.

Fig. 3 (a) to (c) are schematic perspective views of the method for manufacturing the cutting blade shown in fig. 2.

Fig. 4 (a) to (c) are schematic perspective views showing a method of manufacturing a cutting blade in succession to fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a side view showing a rotary blade provided with the cutting blade shown in fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a side view showing a cutting blade according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a plan view showing a conventional shear crusher.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of XIII-XIII shown in FIG. 7.

Description of the symbols:

1 cutting blade;

2, a fixed part;

3, the front end part of the blade;

4 a front end edge part;

5 side edge part;

10. 11, chamfering;

12. 13 arc spot welding;

14, overlaying;

15. 16 arc surfacing;

17-24 surfacing;

30 rotating the blade;

35 an integral cutting blade;

120 crushed objects;

m, hardening the surfacing material;

r direction of rotation.

Detailed Description

The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a cutting blade according to embodiment 1 of the present invention. In the present embodiment, a divided cutting blade 1 fixed around a blade base 106 (fig. 8) fixed to a rotating shaft having a rectangular cross section will be described as an example. In the following description, a method of manufacturing the new cutting blade 1 will be described, and the same components as those shown in fig. 7 and 8 will be described with the same reference numerals.

As shown in the drawing, the cutting blade 1 of the present embodiment is a divided cutting blade 1 fixed around the blade base 106 shown in fig. 7 and 8, and has a fixing portion 2 fixed to the blade base 106 and a blade tip portion 3 projecting outward from the fixing portion 2. The blade tip 3 is formed with a tip edge 4 that is pointed in the rotation direction R. The cutting blade 1 is formed with a side edge 5 on its side edge contour (upper side edge).

The fixing portion 2 is provided with an engagement step portion 6 that engages with an engagement projection 108 provided on the blade base 106. The end portion (the end portion opposite to the rotation direction) of the side surface outer shape of the cutting blade 1 provided with the engaging step portion 6 is processed into an acute-angled end portion which is in contact with the rotation direction end portion of the next cutting blade 1 (see fig. 5) provided around the edge base 106.

Further, the cutting blade 1 is provided with bolt holes 7 in the front and rear in the circumferential direction (the direction of the rotation direction R) with the blade tip portion 3 interposed therebetween, and a fixing bolt is inserted into the bolt hole 7 and screwed into a bolt hole (not shown) of the blade base 106 to fix the same.

The base of the fixing portion 2 and the blade tip portion 3 of the cutting blade 1 of the present embodiment is formed of, for example, carbon steel or chromium steel, and the tip edge portion 4 and the side edge portion 5 of the blade tip portion 3, which are easily worn, are formed of a hardened overlay welding material M such as martensite, high-chrome iron, or tungsten carbide. The front edge portion 4 forms an acute-angled edge, and the side edge portion 5 forms a right-angled edge. The "hard-facing material" in the specification and claims of the present application is formed using a hard-facing material M such as martensite, high-chromium iron, and tungsten carbide, and for example, a material having a vickers hardness of about 350 to 1800 is used depending on the use conditions.

With this, the hardness of the front end edge part 4 of the blade front end part 3 for introducing the object to be crushed 120 (fig. 8) to be crushed and the side edge part 5 of the side edge for shearing and crushing the object to be crushed 120 between the cutting blades 1 engaged therewith can be increased to improve the life of the cutting blades 1, and the area of the edge part in the part where the hardness is high and the long processing time is required at the time of manufacturing the cutting blades 1 is small, so that the material cost and the processing cost can be reduced, and the cost required for manufacturing the cutting blades 1 can be reduced.

Fig. 2 (a) to (c) are schematic perspective views showing a method of manufacturing the cutting blade shown in fig. 1. Fig. 3 (a) to (c) are schematic perspective views showing a method of manufacturing a cutting blade in succession to fig. 2. Fig. 4 (a) to (c) are schematic perspective views showing a method of manufacturing a cutting blade in succession to fig. 3. The manufacturing process of the cutting blade 1 will be described below with reference to these drawings. In these drawings, for the sake of convenience of explanation, the positions of the corners of the cutting blade 1 are denoted by (a) to (F), and the operation sequence is denoted by (1) to (13).

As shown in fig. 2 (a), the front end edge portion 4 and the side edge portion 5 of the base body formed of carbon steel, chromium steel, or the like are chamfered 10, 11.

Next, as shown in fig. 2 (B), arc spot welding 12, 13[ (1), (2) ] of hardening the weld deposit material 1 is performed in order by the welding nozzle 8 on both the thickness direction end portions (a), (B) of the tip edge portion 4.

Then, as shown in fig. 2 (c), a hardened overlay welding material 14[ (3) ] is applied between the arc spot welding 12 and the arc spot welding 13 of the tip end portion 4. The overlay welding 14 is performed from the position (a) to the position (B) of the arc spot welding 12, and the arc spot welding 12 and 13 effectively prevents welding sag.

Further, since the tip edge portion 4 is worn seriously, it is preferable that at least two layers are built up 14 as shown in fig. 3 (a) to increase the portion having high hardness, thereby improving the impact resistance and wear resistance of the tip edge portion 4.

Then, as shown in fig. 3 (b), arc spot welding 15, 16[ (4), (5) ] is performed with a hardened build-up welding material in order at the positions of both end portions (C) (D) in the thickness direction of the acute angle portion opposite to the end portion in the rotation direction of the side edge portion 5.

Then, as shown in fig. 3 (C), overlay welding 17, 18[ (6), (7) ] is performed from the positions of the ends (C), (D) where the arc spot welding 15, 16 is performed to the positions (a), (B) of the tip edge portion 4. The overlay welding 17 and 18 is also performed from the position (C) of the arc spot welding 15 to the position (a) of the leading edge portion 4, and the effect of the arc spot welding 15 and 16 effectively prevents the occurrence of welding sag.

Next, as shown in fig. 4 (a), overlay welding 19, 20[ (8), (9) ] is performed from the other circumferential end portions (E), (F) of the side edge portion 5 to the positions (a), (B) of the front edge portion 4. Since the angles of the circumferential end portions (E) and (F) are not acute angles, the above-described arc spot welding 15 and 16 is not performed, and the overlay welding 19 and 20 is performed.

In this example, as shown in fig. 4 (B), the bead weld of the skirt 5 is performed in the opposite direction to the bead welds 17 and 18 of the skirt 5 from the positions (a) and (B) of the leading edge 4 to the positions (C) and (D) of the circumferential end, and as shown in fig. 4 (C), the bead welds 23, 24[ (12) and (13) ] are performed from the positions (a) and (B) of the leading edge 4 to the positions (E) and (F) of the circumferential end, so as to eliminate the weld distortion caused by the previous bead welds 17 to 20.

After the build-up welding 23, 24 shown in fig. 4 (c) is completed, the cutting blade 1 having the edge portions 4, 5 formed thereon is completed by performing a grinding process or the like on the tip edge portion 4 and the side edge portion 5 by a machine tool not shown, as shown in fig. 1. The machining of the cutting blade 1 is performed by rough machining the surface of the portion where the build-up welding 14, 17 to 24 is performed by a method such as grinding machine (grinder), and thereafter finish machining the surface by a method such as polishing.

Accordingly, if the above-described method of manufacturing the cutting blade is adopted, the base portion of the cutting blade is formed of carbon steel, chromium molybdenum steel, or the like, the edge portions 4 and 5 are subjected to the overlay welding 14, 17 to 24 using a hardened overlay welding material such as martensite, high-chromium iron, tungsten carbide, or the like, and the edge portions 4 and 5 of the overlay welding 14, 17 to 24 are processed into the predetermined edge shape of the cutting blade 1, so that the hardness of the edge portions 4 and 5 that are most effective in the cutting blade 1 is high, and the base portion can be formed of a steel material that can be easily processed, whereby the material cost can be reduced, the facility cost required for the processing can be reduced, the processing area of the hard material can be reduced, and the work can be easily performed.

In the above embodiment, the process of manufacturing the new cutting blade 1 has been described, but the used cutting blade can be regenerated by, for example, chamfering the edge portions 4 and 5 of the cutting blade 1 which are easily worn in use by chamfering 10 and 11, applying build-up welding 14, 17 to 24 with the hardened build-up welding material at the positions where the chamfering 10 and 11 is performed, and then forming the edge portions 4 and 5 by machining with a grinder or the like, by using a method of forming the edge portions 4 and 5 having high hardness by building-up welding with the hardened build-up welding material M on the tip edge portion 4 and the side edge portions 5 as described above. In this case, the base body of the cutting blade (central metal base body) can still be used effectively, enabling an improvement in the effect/cost ratio.

When the distal end edge portion 4 is broken, for example, the broken portion may be subjected to build-up welding with stainless steel which is easily welded with a different material, and then the surface may be finished by machining after the build-up welding 14, 17 to 24 is performed with the hardened build-up welding material as described above. This can provide the same effect as in the case of the above-described abrasion.

Thus, if the above-described method for manufacturing the cutting blade 1 is employed, the worn edge portion can be regenerated by performing the build-up welding 14, 17 to 24 on the cutting blade 1 worn out by use in the same manner. Accordingly, the cutting blade 1 may be new or used, and is not limited.

Fig. 5 is a side view showing a rotary blade provided with the cutting blade shown in fig. 1. The same components as those in fig. 7 and 8 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in the drawing, if the divided cutting blade 1 is used, since the hardened overlay welding material is applied to the entire circumferential direction of the tip end edge portion 4 and the side edge portion 5, the hardness of the entire circumferential side edge portion 5 of the outer shape of the rotary blade 30 can be increased in a state of being fixed around the blade base 106, and therefore the hardness around the rotary blade 30 is high, and stable shearing and crushing can be performed. Accordingly, the rotary blade 30 can be made longer in life by the cutting blade 1, and the rotary blade 30 can be manufactured at a lower cost.

Fig. 6 is a side view showing a cutting blade according to embodiment 2 of the present invention. In this figure, the same components as those in fig. 7 and 8 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the same components as those in fig. 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their descriptions are omitted.

As shown in the drawing, the cutting blade of the present embodiment is the integral cutting blade 35 (rotary blade) in which the cutting blade 1 of the above-described embodiment 1 is integrated with the blade base 106. In the case of such a cutting blade 35, as shown in fig. 1, the leading edge portion 4 is subjected to build-up welding with the hardened build-up welding material M, and the entire periphery of the side edge portion 5 is continuously built-up welded with the hardened build-up welding material M.

That is, when the leading edge portion 4 is subjected to overlay welding, chamfering (10 shown in fig. 2) is performed, arc spot welding (12, 13 shown in fig. 2) is performed on both ends of the leading edge portion 4, and then overlay welding (14 shown in fig. 2) is performed. After the entire periphery of the skirt portion 5 is chamfered (11 shown in fig. 2), one surface of the integrated cutting blade 35 is kept horizontal by, for example, a multi-axis support, and the welding nozzle (8 shown in fig. 2) is tilted downward at an appropriate angle to continuously perform overlay welding on the entire periphery of the skirt portion 5. Then, the multi-axis support machine keeps the other surface of the integrated cutting blade 35 horizontal, and also tilts the welding nozzle downward by an appropriate angle to weld the other edge portion 5 continuously over one circumference. When multilayer overlay welding is required, the side edge portions 5 on the front and rear surfaces are alternately overlaid. Then, the surface of the deposited portion is finished by machining. Since the build-up welding is also performed in the same manner as in the above embodiment, a detailed description of the welding process will be omitted.

With such an integral cutting blade 35, the hardness of the most effective leading edge portion 4 and side edge portion 5 can be increased, and the life of the cutting blade 35 can be prolonged.

As described above, if the cutting blades 1 and 35 are used, the hardness of the edge portions 4 and 5 that work most is high, and therefore, the life of the cutting blades 1 and 35 can be extended to reduce the frequency of replacement, and the labor required for replacement can be reduced to improve the activation rate of the crusher. Furthermore, since the base body is made of a material which is inexpensive and easy to machine, the manufacturing cost of the cutting blades 1, 35 can be reduced.

In addition to the above, even the cutting blades 1 and 35 having worn or damaged edge portions 4 and 5 can be reused by the regeneration process, so that the base body of the cutting blades 1 and 35 can be effectively reused as it is, and the running cost can be reduced.

Although the optimal welding step has been described in the above embodiment, the welding step may be changed depending on the shape of the cutting blades 1 and 35, the hardened overlay material, and the like, and the present invention is not limited to the welding step of the above embodiment.

In the above embodiment, the processing steps of the cutting blades 1 and 35 are sequentially shown, and if the above steps are performed by a dedicated device equipped with a robot, it is possible to automate the manufacturing of the cutting blades and stabilize the operation, and it is possible to provide the cutting blades 1 and 35 at a lower cost and with higher quality.

The above embodiment is merely an example, and various modifications are possible within a range not departing from the object of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.

Industrial applicability

The method for manufacturing a cutting blade according to the present invention can be used for manufacturing a cutting blade for a shear crusher for shearing and crushing various objects to be crushed.

Claims (5)

1. A cutting blade for a shear breaker, the cutting blade having a blade tip portion projecting outward from a fixed portion, the blade tip portion having a tip edge portion pointed in a rotational direction, the cutting blade further having a side edge portion along a side outer shape end including the blade tip portion, wherein,

the base body of the cutting blade is formed of a low hardness material;

a predetermined chamfer is formed in the thickness direction of the cutting blade of the front end edge part and the outer shape end of the side edge part;

overlaying a hardened overlaying material as a high-hardness material in a thickness direction of the cutting blade of the leading end edge portion;

overlaying a hardened overlay material of a high hardness material along the cutting edge side profile of the skirt portion so that an overlaid portion of the skirt portion is continuously formed over the entire circumference of the cutting edge;

the portion subjected to the overlay welding is finished by a machining method to form the leading edge portion and the side edge portion.

2. The cutting blade for a shear type crusher according to claim 1, wherein the bead welding of the leading edge portion is performed after arc spot welding at both ends of the cutting blade in the thickness direction of the leading edge portion; the structure is formed by overlaying the end portion previously subjected to arc spot welding with a hardened overlay material in the thickness direction.

3. A cutting edge for a shear crusher according to claim 2, wherein the bead weld of the nose lip is at least 2 layers from the side initially bead welded.

4. The cutting blade for a shear type crusher according to claim 1, wherein the bead weld of the side edge portion is configured to be bead welded to the hardened bead weld material for the tip edge portion along the side surface contour of the cutting blade, and then to be bead welded from the tip edge portion in the reverse direction along the side surface contour with the hardened bead weld material.

5. The cutting edge for a shear crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 4,

the cutting blade is a split type cutting blade detachably fixed to a blade table fixed to the rotary shaft and fixed around the periphery of the blade table,

the bead welding of the side edge portion is configured to perform arc spot welding at both ends in the thickness direction of the acute angle portion of the end portion of the side surface outer shape of the divided cutting blade, and then perform bead welding with a hardened bead welding material from the end portion subjected to the arc spot welding to the tip edge portion.