HK1157375B

HK1157375B - Material-plastic composite and method for the manufacture thereof

Info

Publication number: HK1157375B
Application number: HK11111768.4A
Authority: HK
Inventors: Lehmann Dieter; Hupfer Bernd; Gedan-Smolka Michaela; BRÄUER Matthias; Nagel Jürgen; Edelmann Mattias
Original assignee: Leibniz-Institut Für Polymerforschung Dresden E.V.
Priority date: 2008-08-04
Filing date: 2009-08-03
Publication date: 2015-07-17

Description

Material-plastic composite and method for the production thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of material science and chemistry, and to material-plastic composites which can be used, for example, as composites in functional parts, consisting of lacquered base materials, such as, for example, plates, metal molded parts, automobile parts, containers, wood parts, plastic parts (consisting of thermoplastic and thermosetting substances, such as, for example, phenolic resins, epoxy resins, glass fiber reinforced plastic sheets (GMT) or Sheet Molding Compounds (SMC)), and to a method for producing said material-plastic composites.

Background

Different solutions for producing material-plastic composites and in particular metal-plastic composites in this case are known. However, a hot welding or brazing process similar to metal bonding is not suitable for preparing metal-plastic composites, since there is no common process window. Thus, the connecting element is used to prepare a metal-material composite.

In addition, the joining of sheet metal or metal shaped parts and plastic parts is often achieved by adhesion (bonding) by means of adhesive techniques (by using special adhesion promoters/binders). As adhesive materials, solvent-containing adhesive material systems, dispersions, hot melts and reactive adhesives, preferably heat-activatable adhesives (DE 4109397a1), are used.

In some cases, it has proven advantageous to improve the bond adhesion by plasma treatment and surface modification of the plastic parts by burning or surface activation of the plastic parts.

Adhesion has also been increased without the use of adhesives by cleaning and pretreating the bonding surface with atmospheric plasma (g.kr ü ger et al,-Kleben&dichten (stick-bond and seal), 42 (1998). The low bonding strength can be compensated for here by increasing the bonding surface.

A new solution was created by Giese (v.m.giese, discovery 1995,Erlangen-N ü rnberg, Lehrstuhl fur Polymerwerkstoffe) describes a special type of composite injection molding by using compatibilizersPlastics modified by adhesion promoter.

For the bonding, a needle-punched non-woven fabric can also be used as an adhesion promoter between the steel and the polypropylene or polyethylene (M.Wei. beta. -Quasdorf et al, Taschenbuch fur dieTextilindustrie, 2000).

Another known solution is the overmolding of hybrid components by mechanical clamping. For this reason, in addition to adhesion, mechanical engagement/undercuts are preferably utilized to form the composite. The process is used in a large number of variants and variants to produce correspondingly stable metal-plastic connections (EP 0721090A 1; EP 0721831A 1; DE 10029411A 1; DE 10149522A 1; DE 10317218A 1; DE 10329710A 1). The insert part can be lockingly encapsulated from a plastic material (23.IKV-Kolloquium Aachen 2006, S.11ff.).

EP 01699612a1 discloses plastic-metal composite pipes, according to which the composite is produced by joining the plastic to a form-locking connection (undercuts in the metal body); complicated metal working methods are necessary. Mechanical clamping schemes similar to riveting or other attachment methods known from metal composite technology are used at the internal cavity and/or bore.

A method for producing a connection between a plastic material and a metal surface is known from EP 01086166a1, in which a powder of an adhesive polymer composition is applied to the metal surface, the metal surface is overmoulded with the plastic material by injection molding, and heat is supplied to the metal surface.

A similar process for manufacturing metal-plastic composites is known from WO 00/59990, wherein in a first step a powder of a polymeric binding material is applied to a metal surface and in a second step the composite is prepared by over-moulding (Overmoulding) of the metal surface and finally a temperature treatment is performed on top of the metal surface.

A photoreactive coating (adhesive) of the DISPECOLL series (bayer material science AG) is known from US 6,403,673C1, which is used as a heat-activatable adhesive for bonding aluminum parts to plastics via ethylenically unsaturated double bonds. The adhesive layer is applied to the aluminum part in the form of an aqueous solution, filmed and dried, the layer being stable on standing. In a subsequent injection molding or extrusion process, the radical crosslinking reaction is activated with an adhesive layer in the thermoplastic melt of the compounded components (hybrid partner), which leads to improved bond adhesion.

However, in the case of planar bonding, the problem arises that the plastic component shrinks on cooling. The different coefficients of thermal expansion when using thermal joining methods always lead to material stress problems that significantly reduce the initial bond strength of the joint or can lead to complete failure of the bond.

The Lvdensscheid plastic institute (K-Zeitung 5-9.2006, 3 months, F ü getechnik, incorporated technology)) developed a special solution for post-injection-molding (Hinterspritzen) metal parts with the aim of achieving a surface effect of the plastic part in the form of a true metal surface. The action of the different adhesion promoters takes up a first place here. After the shaped parts have been pre-coated with a specific adhesion promoter/Primer (Primer) suitable for the plastic component, the plastic is sprayed and still shows good to very good adhesion even after weathering tests. The decorative effect is achieved on the surface of each metal surface. However, the problem is that, in the case of planar components, deformations are caused by the high shrinkage of the plastic component due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion. When the metal parts have a corresponding hardness such that stress balance cannot be compensated for by the solution, partial or complete delamination may result.

WO2005/061203 describes a metal-plastic composite in which a force-locking thermal connection of the metal region and the plastic layer is present between the plastic layer and the metal region. The adhesion promoter layer is made elastic to such an extent that the different coefficients of thermal expansion of the metal region and the plastic layer are largely compensated for by the adhesion promoter layer.

DE 102005032421a1 likewise describes plastic-metal composites and a method for producing such plastic-metal composites by metal post-injection molding, wherein metal parts are modified with adhesion promoters. The sheet metal part consists of aluminum and/or an aluminum alloy. The inner side of the sheet metal part is connected to a plastic carrier part. The plastic part consists of a heat-resistant plastic, and an anti-aging, material-locking connection is present between the sheet metal part and the plastic. The composite is formed by activating heat and chemical resistant adhesion promoters applied to the metal part prior to post-injection molding.

Due to the increasing importance of composite materials and composite elements, different preparation methods are used in the art.

When producing composite materials or composite elements, the aim is to combine economically different material properties in the component. Thereby, the specific properties of the respective (functional) material can be optimally utilized. The utilization scheme here depends essentially on the nature of the complex. When combining materials, different material properties often achieve insufficient bond strength in view of the thermal expansion coefficient. Therefore, a complicated bonding process and an adhesion process are used.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a material-plastic composite, which achieves direct material-locking combination by means of adhesion and in particular covalent bonding between the material components and the plastic components, which has hitherto only been possible by mechanical fixing, subsequent adhesion or by adhesion promoters applied to the material parts prior to the injection molding process, and a simple and cost-effective method for producing such a material-plastic composite.

This object is achieved by the invention provided in the claims. The subject matter of the dependent claims is an advantageous embodiment.

The material-plastic composite according to the invention consists of at least one material component and at least one elastic plastic component, wherein a (partially) crosslinked lacquer is arranged at least partially between the material component and the elastic plastic component,

-wherein the (reactive) free isocyanate and/or epoxy groups and/or isocyanate groups deblocked by thermal cracking and/or uretdione and/or allophanate and/or biuret groups which can be (thermally and/or catalytically) activated react with the functional groups of the elastoplastic component and form covalent bonds between the (partially) crosslinked lacquer and the elastoplastic component via urethane and/or allophanate groups and/or urea groups and/or biuret groups and/or ester groups and/or ether groups and/or amide groups and/or amine groups,

or

-wherein the reactive functional hydroxyl and/or carboxylic acid and/or epoxy groups of the (partially) crosslinked lacquer react with free isocyanate groups and/or thermally cracked unblocked isocyanate groups and/or (thermally and/or catalytically) activated uretdione and/or allophanate and/or biuret and/or epoxy groups of the elastomeric component and form covalent bonds between the (partially) crosslinked lacquer and the elastomeric component via urethane and/or allophanate and/or ester and/or ether and/or amide groups,

wherein the covalent bonds are produced by addition reactions of the free isocyanate groups and/or thermally cracked deblocked isocyanate groups and/or with thermal and/or catalytic activation of the uretdione groups and/or allophanate groups and/or biuret groups and/or epoxy groups and reaction of the uretdione groups and/or allophanate groups and/or biuret groups and/or epoxy groups with functional groups and with exclusion of non-specific free-radical reactions,

and wherein the lacquer after application does not melt anymore during all other processing of the material-plastic composite,

and the elastic plastic component is applied at least partially to the paint layer by thermal coating, without thermal post-treatment after the composite formation.

The material-plastic composite according to the invention is further composed of at least one material component, at least one elastic plastic component and at least one thermoplastic hard plastic component, wherein the material components are coated with at least one (partially) crosslinked lacquer,

-wherein the (reactive) free isocyanate and/or epoxy groups and/or thermally cracked unblocked isocyanate and/or (thermally and/or catalytically) activatable uretdione and/or allophanate and/or biuret groups of the (partially) crosslinked lacquer react with the functional groups of the elastomeric component and form covalent bonds between the (partially) crosslinked lacquer and the elastomeric component via urethane and/or allophanate groups and/or urea groups and/or biuret groups and/or ester groups and/or ether groups and/or amide groups and/or amine groups,

or

-wherein the reactive functional hydroxyl and/or carboxylic acid and/or epoxy groups of the (partially) crosslinked lacquer react with the free isocyanate groups and/or thermally cracked unblocked isocyanate groups and/or (thermally and/or catalytically) activated uretdione and/or allophanate and/or biuret and/or epoxy groups of the elastomeric component and form covalent bonds between the (partially) crosslinked lacquer and the elastomeric component via urethane and/or allophanate and/or ester and/or ether and/or amide groups,

and wherein the elastic plastic component forms a connection between the lacquer layer and the thermoplastic hard plastic component,

and wherein the covalent bonds are produced by addition reactions of the free isocyanate groups and/or thermally cracked, deblocked isocyanate groups and/or with thermal and/or catalytic activation of the uretdione groups and/or allophanate groups and/or biuret groups and/or epoxy groups and reaction of the uretdione groups and/or allophanate groups and/or biuret groups and/or epoxy groups with functional groups and with exclusion of non-specific free-radical reactions,

and wherein the lacquer after application does not melt anymore during all further processing of the material-plastic composite and the elastic plastic component is at least partially applied to the lacquer layer by a hot coating process and the thermoplastic hard plastic component is at least partially applied to the elastic plastic component by a hot coating process or the elastic plastic component and the thermoplastic hard plastic component are at least partially applied to the lacquer layer in a sandwich (injection molding) process, wherein the elastic component constitutes the main component in the sandwich process and after the composite formation no thermal post-treatment is performed.

The material-plastic composite according to the invention is also composed of at least one material component, at least one elastic plastic component and at least one thermosetting plastic component, wherein the material component is coated with at least one (partially) crosslinked lacquer,

or

and wherein the elastic plastic component forms a connection between the lacquer layer and the thermosetting plastic component,

and wherein the lacquer after application does not melt anymore during all further processing of the material-plastic composite and the elastic plastic component is at least partially applied to the lacquer layer by a hot coating process and the thermosetting plastic component is at least partially applied to the elastic plastic component by a hot coating process of a thermosetting process, without thermal post-treatment after the composite formation.

The material components advantageously consist of metals and modifications thereof, wood and modifications thereof, plastics and modifications thereof, ceramics and modifications thereof or material combinations thereof.

Likewise, the elastic plastic component advantageously consists of a thermoplastically processable elastomer/thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), in particular a polyurethane, which has functional groups for forming covalent bonds with (reactive) active and/or (thermally and/or catalytically) activatable groups of the lacquer layer or which has (reactive) active and/or (thermally and/or catalytically) activatable groups for forming covalent bonds with functional groups of the lacquer layer.

Furthermore, the elastic plastic component is advantageously applied by extrusion, injection molding, transfer molding or sandwich (injection molding) or foaming (Dolphin process).

The elastic plastic component is also advantageously applied by multicomponent injection molding or sandwich (injection molding) methods.

In the method for producing a material-plastic composite according to the invention, a lacquer layer is applied, film-formed and (partially) cross-linked to at least one material component,

-wherein the (partially) crosslinked lacquer has (reactive) free isocyanate and/or epoxy groups and/or thermally cleavable deblockable isocyanate groups and/or (thermally and/or catalytically) activatable uretdione and/or allophanate groups and/or biuret groups, and subsequently at least one elastomeric plastic component is applied in the molten state onto the (partially) crosslinked lacquer layer by means of a hot-coating process, wherein the plastic component has functional groups which are capable of forming covalent bonds in the molten state with the (reactive) active and/or (thermally and/or catalytically) activatable groups of the (partially) crosslinked lacquer in the form of urethane and/or allophanate groups and/or urea groups and/or biuret groups and/or ester groups and/or ether groups and/or amide groups and/or amine groups,

or

-wherein the (partially) crosslinked lacquer has functional groups in the form of epoxy groups and/or hydroxyl groups and/or carboxylic acid groups, and subsequently the at least one elastic plastic component is applied in the molten state at least partially onto the lacquer layer by means of a thermal coating process, wherein the plastic component has free and/or thermally resealable isocyanate groups and/or uretdione groups and/or allophanate groups and/or biuret groups and/or epoxy groups capable of forming covalent bonds in the molten state with the functional groups of the (partially) crosslinked lacquer,

and wherein the lacquer does not melt during all other processing of the material-plastic composite after application of the elastic plastic component and the composite is not thermally post-treated.

Furthermore, in the method for producing a material-plastic composite according to the invention, a lacquer layer is applied, film-formed and (partially) crosslinked to at least one material component,

or

-wherein the (partially) crosslinked lacquer has functional groups in the form of epoxy groups and/or hydroxyl groups and/or carboxylic acid groups, and subsequently at least one elastic plastic component is applied in the molten state at least partially onto the lacquer layer by means of a thermal coating process, wherein the plastic component has free and/or thermally resealable isocyanate groups and/or uretdione groups and/or allophanate groups and/or biuret groups and/or epoxy groups which are capable of forming covalent bonds in the molten state with the functional groups of the (partially) crosslinked lacquer,

and, in a multi-component process, at least one thermoplastic hard plastic component is at least partially applied to the elastomeric plastic component by a hot coating process, and wherein the lacquer does not melt during all other processing of the material-plastic composite after the application of the elastomeric plastic component and the composite is not thermally post-treated.

Likewise, in the process for the production of the material-plastic composite according to the invention, a lacquer layer is applied, film-formed and (partially) crosslinked on at least one material component,

or

and at least partially applying at least one thermosetting plastic component onto the elastomeric plastic component by a hot coating process,

and wherein the lacquer does not melt after application during all other processing of the material-plastic composite and the composite is not thermally post-treated.

Metals and their modifications, wood and its modifications, plastics and its modifications, ceramics and its modifications or their material combinations are advantageously used as material components.

It is also advantageous to use as the elastic plastic component a thermoplastically processable elastomer/thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), in particular a polyurethane, which has (reactive) active and/or (thermally and/or catalytically) activatable groups for forming covalent bonds with the functional groups of the lacquer layer, or which has functional groups for forming covalent bonds with the (reactive) active and/or (thermally and/or catalytically) activatable groups of the lacquer layer.

In addition, the elastic plastic component is advantageously applied by extrusion, injection molding, transfer molding or sandwich (injection molding) or foaming (Dolphin process).

The elastic plastic component is also advantageously applied as an intermediate layer or as a functional layer having a thickness of 0.1 to 10mm, preferably 0.5 to 2 mm.

It is also advantageous if the elastic plastic component is applied as an intermediate layer or as a functional layer in a modified and/or filled and/or reinforced manner.

It is also advantageous if the thermoplastic hard plastic component is applied in a modified and/or filled and/or reinforced manner.

It is also advantageous if the thermosetting plastic component is applied in a modified and/or filled and/or reinforced manner.

It is also advantageous that the lacquer layer is applied from a solution or dispersion or as a powder or as a melt or as a 100% liquid system.

The solution according to the invention makes it possible for the first time to: covalent bonds are achieved between the material component and the elastic plastic component in addition to the adhesive bonding forces present in each case, which significantly improve the bonding strength.

The surface coating of materials with lacquers according to the invention can be carried out with (partially) crosslinkable lacquers in a preceding step in time and place. The lacquer layer can be applied here from a solution or dispersion or as a powder or as a melt or as a liquid (100%) system at room temperature (solvent-free reactive lacquer). In each case, either the lacquer must have reactive and/or (thermally and/or catalytically) activatable groups which are reactive and/or (thermally and/or catalytically) activatable during the application of the elastomeric plastic component in the molten state and which form covalent bonds with the functional groups of the elastomeric plastic component; or the lacquer must have functional groups which form covalent bonds with reactive and/or (thermally and/or catalytically) activatable groups of the elastomeric plastic component which are reactive and/or (thermally and/or catalytically) activatable during the application of the elastomeric plastic component in the molten state. In addition to thermal activation, advantageously by temperature increase, activation can also be carried out by specific known catalysts. The catalyst is used as an additive in the composition without an activatable group. The catalytic activation may be performed separately from the thermal activation or in combination.

For example, it is advantageous if the lacquers have blocked isocyanate and/or uretdione and/or allophanate and/or biuret groups as heat-activatable groups and/or epoxy groups as reactive groups and form covalent bonds with functional groups of thermoplastically processable polyurethanes.

It is also advantageous if the lacquer has epoxy groups as reactive groups and forms covalent bonds with the functional groups of the thermoplastically processable polyurethane.

On the other hand, it is also advantageous if the plastic component and in particular the polyurethane component has blocked isocyanate groups and/or uretdione groups and/or allophanate groups and/or biuret groups as heat-activatable groups and/or free isocyanate groups and/or epoxy groups as reactive groups and forms covalent bonds with functional groups on the surface of the unmelted lacquer layer.

It is also possible to: the lacquer and plastic components (in particular the polyurethane component here) have blocked isocyanate and/or uretdione and/or allophanate and/or biuret groups as heat-activatable groups and/or have free isocyanate and/or epoxy groups as reactive groups and form covalent bonds with additionally present functional groups of the respective opposing faces (lacquer/plastic components).

The skilled person is thereby informed about the reactive and/or (thermally and/or catalytically) activatable groups and the corresponding functional groups for forming covalent bonds of the scope of the protocol corresponding to his knowledge, and knows or can select by few experiments the optimum concentration of the individual groups and the reaction conditions. Due to the large number of protocols, the known protocols for the reaction of isocyanates and/or epoxy resins are not specified in detail.

The reaction which leads to the formation of covalent bonds in the composite according to the invention is not a non-specific radical reaction but a known addition reaction defined in the case of thermal cleavage of the blocked isocyanate groups and/or thermal and/or catalytic activation (cleavage) of the individual uretdione groups and/or allophanate groups and/or biuret groups and the reaction of said individual uretdione groups and/or allophanate groups and/or biuret groups with the functional groups of the hot elastomeric component. It is particularly advantageous here that the lacquer layer does not melt after its production, otherwise the internal strength and possibly the reactive and/or (thermally and/or catalytically) activatable groups or functional groups are partially or completely lost as a result of the reaction.

It is also particularly advantageous, above all, if lacquers having uretdione and allophanate groups are used, since during the production of the composite the lacquer layer does not melt, since in this case too the internal strength is reduced and the composite is therefore weakened.

The painted material component is then introduced according to the invention into a device which is capable of thermally painting the elastic plastic component on at least a partial region of the paint layer. As thermal coating methods, there come into consideration: extrusion, (multicomponent) injection molding, transfer molding or sandwich (injection molding) processes or foaming (Dolphin process).

In the case of injection molding, the coated material components are placed in an injection mold fixed on an injection molding machine and fixed. After closing the mold, the mold cavity is sprayed or foamed over-coated with the elastic plastic component or plastic components by means of an injection molding machine in a multicomponent injection molding (two-component injection molding and/or sandwich injection molding with successively sprayed components)The mold cavity forms the contour of the plastic component to be applied.

In addition to the adhesive interaction, the bond strength between the lacquer and the contacting elastic plastic component is based here on a chemical reaction between the components by formation of covalent bonds. Furthermore, in the case of multicomponent injection molding, the chemical reaction can also contribute in a known manner to an increase in the bonding strength according to DE 19810312. In the case of plastic compositions consisting of a plurality of plastics, it is necessary to apply to the paint layer as contact layer an elastic plastic composition having reactive and/or reactable and/or (thermally and/or catalytically) activatable connecting or functional groups.

Advantageously, thermoplastic elastomers, preferably thermoplastically processable polyurethanes (TPU), which are unmodified or adhesion-modified and/or modified with filler materials and/or reinforcing materials, can be used as the elastic plastic component. In the case of the use of the plastic component, form-locking can be achieved simultaneously with the coated material component. A (medium-) tightness between the coated material component and the plastic component, which can be used for sealing the system, is likewise achieved.

A further advantage of the solution according to the invention is that, as long as the components have different coefficients of expansion, a stress balance between the components and/or a pressure, tensile and vibration force balance under the conditions of use and/or improved adhesion can be achieved with a material composition of the correspondingly selected material components and the elastic plastic component.

The preparation of the composite is carried out in the following manner: direct overmolding, planar or localized, of the lacquered material composition is achieved. The bonding is thus produced directly at the interface between the lacquer layer and the desired elastic plastic component by adhesive bonding and covalent bonding.

It is also possible to use an intermediate layer of an elastic plastic component if a bond between the painted material component and the hard, thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic component is to be achieved in contrast.

In the method, in a first step an intermediate layer of an elastic plastic composition is applied to the paint surface, for example by injection molding, which intermediate layer, apart from adhesive bonding forces, is irreversibly bonded to the paint layer, mainly by covalent bonds. In a second working step, a hard, thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic component is then sprayed, for example also by injection molding, onto the intermediate layer of the elastic plastic component, which advantageously forms covalent bonds in addition to the adhesive bonding forces to promote the bond adhesion and thus irreversibly couples the elastic plastic component and the hard plastic component to one another. Such an advantageous material composition between the lacquered material component and the hard plastic component (for example polycarbonate or polyamide) by means of the elastic plastic component as an intermediate layer can be realized with a TPU material (for example Elastollan 85 Shore a).

When using sandwich injection molding with elastomer main components, the individual components are sprayed in one process step.

The intermediate layer of the elastic plastic component here forms a good adhesion to the lacquer surface by covalent bonds. In addition to the adhesive bonding forces, the elastic plastic component advantageously also forms covalent bonds with the rigid, thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic component, so that a stable bond is achieved between the "material/lacquer/elastic plastic component/rigid plastic component".

The elastic properties of the plastic component, preferably TPU, compensate at the same time for the tensile stresses which occur as a result of processing shrinkage, as are the shrinkage states and stress states which occur under the conditions of use.

The method can be used to prepare composites as components or as components for the decoration or functional conformation of component surfaces for the field of surface modification.

The application fields can be as follows:

automotive and domestic fields, for example:

+ spraying conductive plastic formed part

+ spray-on decorative surface elements

+ spraying operating element

+ spray seal element

+ spray coating of photoconductive elements

+ painting holding elements and/or functional elements (threaded holes, cams, eyelets, snap-on connection elements, hinges, etc.)

+ spray seal member and spring member

+ spraying reinforcement element (Rib, Rib Structure)

+ spraying of friction material-sliding elements, for example made of chemically bonded polyamide-Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) -material.

The material component used according to the invention can advantageously be metal, wood, thermosetting wood materials, plastics, WPC (wood plastic composite), SMC, ceramics or material combinations of said materials.

As material components for the lacquered base material, there can be used plates, metal shaped parts, metal and/or plastic automobile parts, containers, wood (shaped) parts of solid wood, chip composites (Spanverbund) or WPC (wood-plastic composites), plastic (shaped) parts made of thermoplastic and thermosetting materials (e.g. phenolic resins, epoxy resins), GMT or SMC.

At least one surface of the material component is coated wholly or only partially/locally with a (partially) crosslinkable lacquer which has at least reactive and/or activatable groups which are reactive and/or activatable during the application of the elastic plastic component in the molten state and which form covalent bonds with functional groups of the elastic plastic component; or the lacquer must have functional groups which form covalent bonds with reactive and/or activatable groups of the elastomeric plastic component which are reactive and/or activatable during application of the elastomeric plastic component in the melt.

The lacquer layer can be applied to the material components by known methods as a solution or dispersion or as a melt or as a powder or as a 100% liquid system at room temperature (solvent-free reactive lacquer), and then filmed and hardened. In the context of the present invention, the hardening of the paint layer is to be understood as: stable, (partially) crosslinked, workable, form-stable (umformmstabil) paint films with (reactive) active and/or (thermal and/or catalytic) (reactive) activatable groups (e.g. isocyanate groups, blocked isocyanate groups, uretdione groups, allophanate groups and/or biuret groups and/or epoxy groups) or functional groups (e.g. hydroxyl groups, carboxylic acid groups and/or epoxy groups) are present, and the (reactive) active and/or (reactive) activatable groups or functional groups of the paint films form covalent bonds in the interface with the elastoplastic component applied in the molten state by thermal methods during the preparation of the composite without melting the paint film. The application of heat of fusion in the elastomeric plastic composition by the use of heat initiates, in addition to the formation of adhesive bonds, chemical reactions that cause the formation of covalent bonds.

The simultaneous presence of the adhesive force and the additional covalent bond results in an improved, technically useful bonding strength.

The new property of forming a composite is achieved by the solution according to the invention. In the formation of the composite, the lacquer layer is bonded and in particular covalently bonded to the material surface on the one hand and to the elastic plastic component on the other hand in a form-locking and force-locking manner, which is stable over time.

The coating can also be applied after the modification process, as long as the composite of the coating and the material component does not have sufficient elasticity for the modification process, or can be stabilized by selecting a corresponding elastic plastic component and/or the layer thickness thereof.

The composite according to the invention can thus be modified with the corresponding material selection either before or after the preparation of the composite.

Thus, it is also possible to produce material-locked sandwich plate-like systems or multilayer systems according to the invention with elastomer-dense or foamed interlayers or with elastomer/thermoplastic/elastomer interlayers.

May for example be:

(a) the lacquered component or shaped part is introduced as a coated material component (e.g. metal or plastic) into a mold of an injection molding machine, and after closing the mold, the elastic plastic component is sprayed or cast partially/partially and/or in a planar manner, or

(b) The coated semifinished product is introduced as a coated material component (for example in the form of a lacquered sheet) into the mold of an injection molding machine, is modified in the mold of the injection molding machine, and the elastic plastic component is sprayed directly onto the modified component, or the elastic plastic component is sprayed partially/locally and/or flat onto the modified component in a carousel mold with an injection molding device (Spritzgie β agglegraat) at another mold location.

When spraying a plurality of plastic components, a thin, resilient plastic component is sprayed as a first component as an intermediate layer and then a hard or resilient second plastic component is sprayed which achieves the component properties. The plastic components can be processed one after the other in multicomponent injection molding or in a special form of sandwich injection molding in one process step.

According to the method, the coated material components are placed into an open injection mold fixed on an injection molding machine and fixed, either manually or by means of a robot for forming the composite. After closing the injection mold, the mold cavity is sprayed or over-foamed with at least one elastic plastic component and/or with a plurality of components. The mold cavity forms the contour of the plastic component to be applied.

It is also advantageous here to cover the coated material component completely or partially/partially with lacquer and/or an elastic plastic component.

It is also advantageous that the processes for the thermal application of the elastic plastic component are also combined, for example by combining by injection molding and foaming (Dolphin process).

Here, the long-term stable formation of the composite in the material-plastic composite according to the invention is based, in addition to the adhesive bonding forces, also on the covalent bonds which are caused/initiated by chemical reactions during the preparation of the composite and using the heat of fusion when applying the elastic plastic component.

The following exemplary combinations of material-plastic composites according to the invention are possible and advantageous:

material/paint/TPU (→ as a functional element)

material/paint/TPU (→ as intermediate layer)/TPU (TPU.. second TPU-component)

material/paint/TPU (→ as intermediate layer)/polyamide

material/lacquer/TPU (→ as intermediate layer)/polycarbonate

material/paint/TPU (→ as intermediate layer)/polyester

In this case, it is possible to use TPUs, polyurethanes, polycarbonates and polyesters which are unmodified and are chemically modified with reactive functional groups and/or modified with known filler materials and/or reinforcing materials for forming composites.

The intermediate layer can have a thickness of 0.1 to 10mm, preferably 0.5 to 2mm, as long as the elastic plastic component acts as an intermediate layer. It is known that the modification of elastomer interlayer components (for example TPUs) can be carried out with an excess of free or blocked isocyanate and/or uretdione and/or allophanate and/or biuret groups or, in the case of, for example, polyether block amide (PEBA) -elastomers, with an excess of hydroxyl and/or carboxylic acid and/or epoxy groups or with an excess of hydroxyl and/or amino groups, in order to achieve optimum formation of the composite/bonding by forming covalent bonds with the paint layer (if necessary with other plastic components) with corresponding reactive groups known to the expert.

The functional element and the decorative element can thus be combined by the lacquered and optionally modified component (as a material component of the lacquer coating) to form a composite which is firmly adhering and for which a subsequent lacquering can be avoided, if necessary even without additional complex modification processes and/or cutting processes (for undercuts or mechanical fastening elements) and in particular without an adhesive process. Subsequent flat painting is no longer necessary, wherein the painted plastic element must be covered in a very complicated manner.

Detailed Description

The present invention is explained in detail below by means of a number of examples.

Comparative example 1 (prior art)

As material components, uncoated steel sheets of a gauge of 120 × 50 × 2 (in mm) were used. The plate was placed and clamped with a closing force of 500kN in an injection mold on an injection molding machine and fixed.

After closing the injection mold, a thermoplastically processable polyurethane (TPU, Elastollan 1185a10) was sprayed by means of an injection molding machine at a melt temperature of 215 ℃.

The specification of the sprayed surface was 120X 25 (in mm) and the thickness was 2 mm.

The bond strength between the TPU and the uncoated steel component was tested with a roll peel test according to DIN EN 2243T 3. The peel force was 35N.

For technical applications, this bond strength is insufficient.

Without pre-treating the steel surface, bond adhesion cannot be achieved. During demoulding, the sprayed TPU layer is detached from the steel surface.

Comparative example 2 (prior art)

As material component, an uncoated aluminum plate with a gauge of 120 × 50 × 2 (in mm) was used. The plate was placed in an injection mold clamped on an injection molding machine with a closing force of 500kN and fixed.

After closing the injection mold, a thermoplastically processable polyurethane (Elastollan 1185a10) was sprayed by means of an injection molding machine at a melt temperature of 215 ℃.

The bond strength between the TPU and the uncoated aluminum member was tested by a roll peel test according to DIN EN 2243T 3. The peel force was 85N.

For most technical applications, this bond strength is insufficient.

Without pre-treating the aluminum surface, bond adhesion could not be achieved. During demolding, the sprayed TPU layer is detached from the aluminum surface.

Comparative example 3 (prior art)

As material components, a steel plate with a specification of 120X 50X 2 (in mm) coated with powder lacquer (PUR-powder lacquer 1, composition: 32% amorphous OH-functionalized polyester resin, 8% partially crystalline polyester resin, 25% uretdione hardener, 2% epoxide, 0.5% catalyst and 30% white pigment (TiO) was used₂) And additives (leveling agent, degassing agent)) and hardened at 200 ℃ for 15 minutes, so that the coating has only urethane groups and no allophanate groups. The layer thickness is 60 to 75 μm.

The plate was placed in an injection mold clamped on an injection molding machine with a closing force of 500kN and fixed.

The specification of the sprayed surface was 120X 25 (in mm) and the thickness was 1.5 mm. During demoulding, the TPU components are separated from the painted steel component. The bond strength between the TPU and the painted steel component could not be tested.

Example 1

As material components, a steel plate with a specification of 120X 50X 2 (in mm) coated with powder lacquer (PUR-powder lacquer 1, composition: 32% amorphous OH-functionalized polyester resin, 8% partially crystalline polyester resin, 25% uretdione hardener, 2% epoxide, 0.5% catalyst and 30% white pigment was usedMaterial (TiO)₂) And additives (levelling agents, degassing agents) as (partially) hardened allophanate lacquers. The layer thickness is 60 to 70 μm.

The specification of the sprayed surface was 120X 25 (in mm) and the thickness was 1.5 mm.

The bond strength between the TPU and the painted steel component was tested with a roll peel test according to DIN EN 2243T 3. The peel force was 245N.

For technical applications, the composite has good strength compared to the composite forming scheme in comparative example 1.

Example 2

As material components, powder-lacquer-coated (PUR-powder lacquer 1, see example 1) aluminum panels with a specification of 120X 50X 2 (in mm) were used. The layer thickness was about 80 μm.

After closing the injection mold, a thermoplastically processable polyurethane (Elastollan C85 a10) was sprayed by means of an injection molding machine at a melt temperature of 215 ℃.

The bond strength between the TPU and the painted aluminum component was tested with a roll peel test according to DIN EN 2243T 3. The peel force was 186N.

For technical applications, the bond strength was considered good compared to the composite formation scheme in comparative example 2.

Example 3

As material components, a steel plate with a specification of 120X 50X 2 (in mm) coated with powder lacquer (PUR-powder lacquer 2, composition: 39% amorphous OH-functionalized polyester resin, 10% partially crystalline polyester resin, 15% uretdione hardener, 2% epoxide and 0.5% catalyst and 30% white pigment (TiO) was used₂) And additives (levelling agents, degassing agents) as (partially) hardened allophanate lacquers. The layer thickness is 70 to 80 μm.

After closing the injection mold, a thermoplastically processable polyurethane (Elastollan C85 a10, adhesion modified with 5% by mass of MDI (diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate) was sprayed in a thin layer of 0.8mm by means of an injection molding machine at a melt temperature of 215 ℃. The specification of the sprayed surface was 120X 25 (in mm). In a second step, the steel sheet, which is locally surface-modified with TPU-layer, is sprayed with PA6ultramid b3EG6 in a second mold during the overcladding.

The bond strength between PA and painted steel components with TPU-interlayer was tested by shear test. The shear force was 320N.

The bond strength is very good for technical applications.

Example 4

As material components, powder-lacquer-coated (PUR-powder-lacquer 2, see example 3) aluminum panels with a specification of 120X 50X 2 (in mm) were used. The layer thickness is 60 to 70 μm.

After closing the injection mold, a thermoplastically processable polyurethane (Elastollan 1185a10, adhesion-modified with 3% by mass of MDI (diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate) was sprayed in a thin layer of 0.5mm by means of an injection molding machine at a melt temperature of 215 ℃. The specification of the sprayed surface was 120X 25 (in mm). In a second step, the aluminum plate partially surface-modified with TPU-layer was sprayed with PC (polycarbonate) Lexan 121 in a second mold during the overcladding.

The bond strength between PC and painted aluminum components with TPU-interlayer was tested by shear test method. The shear force was 460N.

The bond strength is very good for technical applications.

Example 5

As material components, powder-lacquer-coated (PUR-powder lacquer 1, see example 1) aluminum plates/semi-finished products were used, with a specification of 100X 1 (in mm). The layer thickness was about 80 μm.

The plate is placed in an injection mold in which a deep-drawing mold (molding member) for the retrofitting process is integrated. In the injection molding machine, the mold was clamped and fixed with a closing force of 500 kN.

The injection mold is closed and the process of preparing the coated aluminum semi-finished product is carried out by means of an injection molding machine until the molded component (small basin-shaped mold) is formed. Immediately thereafter, in a second step, thermoplastically processable polyurethanes (Elastollan C60D, adhesion being modified with 3% by mass of MDI (diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate) are sprayed at a melt temperature of 215 ℃ in order to form a TPU shaped body locally/vertically on the modified molded part/pot surface in the sample shape specification (TPU-bonding surface on the aluminum shaped part is 4 × 10 (in mm)).

The bond strength between the TPU and the clamped painted aluminum component was determined according to the tensile test DIN ISO 53455. Tensile strength of 23.6N/mm²This is a good bond strength for technical applications.

Example 6 (foaming: Dolphin technique/Skinform method)

As base material, an aluminum plate with a specification of 120X 50X 2 (in mm) coated with powder paint (PUR-powder paint 2, see example 3) was used. The layer thickness is 70 to 80 μm.

After closing the injection mold, the polyurethane is filled to overflow in an injection molding machine in a second step by means of an injection molding machine (Dolphin technology, ENGEL corporation, or Skinform method, Krauss-Maffei corporation). Good adhesion of the two materials to one another is achieved by chemical compatibility between the lacquer layer and the polyurethane and by the formation of additional covalent bonds.

The bond strength between the TPU and the painted aluminum member was again tested by peel test. The peel force was 160N. The bond strength is good for many technical applications.

Example 7

As base material, MDF-boards (medium density fiberboard) coated with powder lacquer (PUR-powder lacquer 1, see example 1) with a specification of 120X 50X 4 (in mm) were used. The layer thickness is 60 to 70 μm.

After closing the injection mold, a thermoplastically processable polyurethane (Elastollan 1185a10, adhesion modified with 5% by mass of MDI (diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate) was sprayed by means of an injection molding machine at a melt temperature of 200 ℃).

The bond strength between the TPU and the painted MDF panels was tested by the peel test method. The peel force was 165N.

The bonding strength is good for the material composition.

Example 8

As base material, SMC-plates (sheet moulding compound, SMC-a class, Polytec Group) coated with powder lacquer (PUR-powder lacquer 2, see example 3) with a specification of 120 × 50 × 4 (in mm) were used. The layer thickness is 70 to 80 μm.

The SMC-plate was placed in an injection mold clamped to an injection molding machine with a closing force of 500kN and fixed.

After closing the injection mold, a thermoplastically processable polyurethane (Elastollan 1185a10, adhesion modified with 3% by mass of MDI (diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate) was sprayed by means of an injection molding machine at a melt temperature of 200 ℃).

The bond strength between TPU and the painted SMC-plate was tested by the peel test method. The peel force was 170N.

The bond strength is good for technical applications.

Example 9

As material components, steel plates were used, which were coated with powder lacquers (PUR powder lacquers) having a specification of 120X 50X 2 (in mm) and which had a composition of 25% amorphous OH-functionalized polyester resin, 10% partially crystalline polyester resin, 30% uretdione hardener, 2% epoxide, 0.5% catalyst and 30% white pigment (TiO)₂) And additives (levelling agents, degassing agents) as a lacquer hardener with allophanate and residual uretdione content). The layer thickness is 80 to 85 μm.

After closing the injection mold, a reactive thermoplastically processable copolyester elastomer (TPC) modified with OH end groups (Hytrel, OH-modification) was sprayed on by means of an injection molding machine at a melt temperature of 225 ℃.

The specification of the sprayed surface was 120X 25 (in mm) and the thickness was 1.0 mm.

The bond strength between the copolyester elastomer and the painted steel component was tested with a roll peel test according to DIN EN 2243T 3. The peel force was 145N.

For technical applications for forming composites, the respective components have a sufficiently good bonding strength.

Example 10

As material components, a steel plate is used, a PUR-lacquer-coated melt (PUR lacquer, the composition of which is 55% of an amorphous OH-functionalized polyester resin, 35% of a uretdione hardener, 2% of an epoxide and 0.5% of a catalyst and 5% of a white pigment (TiO), the specification of which is 120X 50X 2 (in mm)₂) And additives (leveling agents, degassing agents) as a lacquer with allophanate hardening. The layer thickness is 90 to 100 μm.

After closing the injection mold, a thermoplastically processable polyesteramide elastomer having OH end groups (OH-modified PEBA-material) is sprayed by means of an injection molding machine at a melt temperature of 240 ℃.

The bond strength between the thermoplastic polyesteramide elastomer and the painted steel component was tested by the roll peel test according to DIN EN 2243T 3. The peel force was 180N.

Example 11

As material components, a steel plate with a specification of 120X 50X 2 (in mm) coated with a PUR-lacquer melt (PUR-lacquer, its composition: 50% of amorphous OH-functionalized polyester resin, 40% of uretdione hardener, 2% of epoxide and 0.5% of uretdione hardener) was used% catalyst and 5% white pigment (TiO)₂) And additives (leveling agents, degassing agents) as a lacquer with allophanate hardening. The layer thickness is 80 to 95 μm.

After closing the injection mold, a thermoplastically processable polyesteramide elastomer having OH end groups (block copolymer structure similar to PEBA-material, OH-modification) is sprayed by means of an injection molding machine at a melt temperature of 220 ℃.

The specification of the sprayed surface was 120X 25 (in mm) and the thickness was 1.2 mm.

The bond strength between the thermoplastic polyesteramide elastomer and the painted steel component was tested by the roll peel test according to DIN EN 2243T 3. The peel force was 155N.

Example 12

As material components, a steel plate with a specification of 120X 50X 2 (in mm) coated with powder lacquer (PUR-powder lacquer 1, its composition is 40% amorphous OH-functionalized polyester resin, 25% uretdione hardener, 2% epoxide, 0.5% catalyst and 30% white pigment (TiO)₂) And additives (leveling agents, degassing agents) as a lacquer with allophanate hardening. The layer thickness is 65 to 80 μm.

After closing the injection mold, a blend of thermoplastically processable polyurethane and modified EVA (70% of Elastollan 1185a10 and 30% of maleic anhydride grafted EVA, reactive blending ═ EVA) was sprayed by means of an injection molding machine at a melt temperature of 215 ℃.

The specification of the sprayed surface was 120 × 25 (in mm), and the thickness was: 0.8 mm.

The bond strength between the blend (70TPU/30 EVA) and the painted steel component was tested with a roll peel test according to DIN EN 2243T 3. The peel force was 215N.

For technical applications for forming composites, the values are good bond strengths for the respective components.

Example 13

As base material, an aluminum plate with a specification of 120X 50X 2 (in mm) coated with an epoxide powder lacquer (epoxide powder lacquer, consisting of a carboxyl-terminated polyester resin and Araldit PT910 with an excess of 15% of epoxide groups, 0.5% of a catalyst and 10% of a white pigment (TiO)₂) And additives (leveling agents, degassing agents)). The layer thickness is 60 to 70 μm.

After closing the injection mold, a thermoplastically processable carboxyl-terminated copolyester elastomer (TPC) was sprayed by means of an injection molding machine at a melt temperature of 215 ℃.

The bond strength between the specifically modified copolyester elastomer and the painted steel component was tested with a roll peel test according to DIN EN 2243T 3. The peel force was 135N.

For technical applications for forming composites, the values are sufficiently good bond strengths for the respective components.

Example 14 (sandwich: TPU-Main component PA 6/GF-core component)

As base material, an aluminum plate with a specification of 120X 50X 2 (in mm) coated with powder paint (PUR-powder paint 2, see example 3) was used. The layer thickness is 70 to 85 μm.

The plates were placed in an injection mould clamped on a two-component injection moulding machine ENGEL ES model 200H/80V/50HL-2F (equipped with a special pressure-controlled two-component plate system for sandwich injection) and fixed.

After closing the injection mold, sandwich injection was carried out by means of an injection molding machine in the following manner: TPU-composition Elastollan 1185A10 was pre-sprayed as main component at 220 ℃ and then PA6/GF (Ultramid B3EG6, BASF) was sprayed as core component again at 285 ℃. Very good adhesion of the materials to one another is achieved by chemical compatibility between the lacquer layer and the TPU and PA6/GF and by the formation of additional covalent bonds between the lacquer and the TPU and PA 6/GF.

The bond strength between the TPU-PA 6/GF-sandwich stack (placed perpendicular to the painted aluminum sheet) and the painted aluminum sheet with a circular contact surface of 10mm diameter was determined according to tensile test DIN ISO 53455. Tensile strength of 29.1N/mm²This is a very good bond strength for technical applications.

Example 15 (sandwich: TPU-Main component; PC-core component)

As base material, an aluminum plate with a specification of 120X 50X 2 (in mm) coated with powder paint (PUR-powder paint 1, see example 1) was used. The layer thickness is 65 to 85 μm.

After closing the injection mold, sandwich injection was carried out by means of an injection molding machine in the following manner: TPU as main component Elastollan 1185A10 was pre-sprayed at 220 ℃ and PC (polycarbonate Lexan 121, GE Plastics) as core component was then sprayed at 285 ℃. Very good adhesion of the materials to one another is achieved by chemical compatibility between the lacquer layer and the TPU and PC and by the formation of additional covalent bonds between the lacquer and the TPU and PC.

The bond strength between the TPU-PC sandwich stack (placed perpendicular to the painted aluminum plate) and the painted aluminum plate with a round contact surface of 10mm diameter was determined according to the tensile test DIN ISO 53455. The tensile strength is 26.5N/mm²This is a very good bond strength for technical applications.

Example 16

As material components, powder-lacquer-coated (PUR-powder-lacquer 2, see example 3) aluminum panels with a specification of 120X 50X 2 (in mm) were used. The layer thickness is 60 to 75 μm.

After closing the injection mold, a thermoplastically processable polyurethane-polyethylene blend (Elastollan 1185a10, reactive blend with 30% LLDPE-gMAn (maleic anhydride modified LLDPE, scona tspe 1112 GALL, Kometra GmbH)) was sprayed in a thin layer of 1.0mm by means of an injection molding machine at a melt temperature of 215 ℃. The specification of the sprayed surface was 120X 25 (in mm). In a second step, the aluminium plate, which is surface-modified locally with a layer of the TPU/PE-blend, is sprayed with Polyethylene (PE) during the overmoulding in a second mould.

The bond strength between PE and painted aluminum components was tested by shear test. The shear force was 270N, which is a very good bond strength for technical applications.

Example 17

After closing the injection mold, a thermoplastically processable polyurethane-polyethylene blend (Elastollan 1185a10, reactive blended with 30% PP-gMAn (maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (PP), Scona TPPP2112FA, Kometra GmbH)) was sprayed in a thin layer of 1.0mm by means of an injection molding machine at a melt temperature of 215 ℃. The specification of the sprayed surface was 120X 25 (in mm). In a second step, the aluminium plate, which is surface-modified locally with a layer of TPU/PP-blend, is sprayed during the overmoulding with PP reinforced with glass fibres in a second mould.

The bond strength was tested by the shear test method. The shear force was 345N. This is a very good bond strength for technical applications.

Claims

1. A material-plastic composite consisting of at least one material component and at least one elastic plastic component, wherein a partially crosslinked lacquer is arranged at least partially between the at least one material component and the at least one elastic plastic component,

-wherein the reactive free isocyanate and/or epoxy groups and/or thermally cracked unblocked isocyanate and/or thermally and/or catalytically activatable uretdione and/or allophanate and/or biuret groups of the partially crosslinked lacquer react with the functional groups of the elastomeric component and form covalent bonds between the partially crosslinked lacquer and the elastomeric component via urethane and/or allophanate groups and/or urea groups and/or biuret groups and/or ester groups and/or ether groups and/or amide groups and/or amine groups,

or

-wherein the reactive functional hydroxyl and/or carboxylic acid and/or epoxy groups of the partially crosslinked lacquer react with free isocyanate groups and/or thermally cracked unblocked isocyanate groups and/or thermally and/or catalytically activated uretdione and/or allophanate groups and/or biuret groups and/or epoxy groups of the elastomeric component and form covalent bonds between the partially crosslinked lacquer and the elastomeric component via urethane and/or allophanate groups and/or ester groups and/or ether groups and/or amide groups,

and

wherein the lacquer after application does not melt again during all further processing of the material-plastic composite and the elastic plastic component is applied at least partially to the lacquer layer by a hot-coating process without thermal post-treatment after the composite has been formed.

2. Material-plastic composite consisting of at least one material component, at least one elastic plastic component and at least one thermoplastic rigid plastic component, wherein the material components are coated with at least one partially crosslinked lacquer,

or

-wherein the reactive functional hydroxyl and/or carboxylic acid and/or epoxy groups of the partially crosslinked lacquer react with the free isocyanate groups and/or thermally cracked unblocked isocyanate groups and/or thermally and/or catalytically activated uretdione and/or allophanate groups and/or biuret groups and/or epoxy groups of the elastomeric component and form covalent bonds between the partially crosslinked lacquer and the elastomeric component via urethane and/or allophanate groups and/or ester groups and/or ether groups and/or amide groups,

and

wherein the elastic plastic component forms a connection between the lacquer layer and the thermoplastic hard plastic component,

and

wherein the lacquer after application does not melt anymore during all further processing of the material-plastic composite and the elastic plastic component is at least partially applied to the lacquer layer by a hot coating process and the thermoplastic hard plastic component is at least partially applied to the elastic plastic component by a hot coating process or the elastic plastic component and the thermoplastic hard plastic component are at least partially applied to the lacquer layer in a sandwich injection molding process, wherein the elastic plastic component forms the main component in the sandwich injection molding process and after the composite formation no thermal post-treatment is performed.

3. A material-plastic composite consisting of at least one material component, at least one elastic plastic component and at least one thermosetting plastic component, wherein the material component is coated with at least one partially crosslinked lacquer,

or

and

wherein the elastic plastic component forms a connection between the lacquer layer and the thermosetting plastic component,

and

wherein the lacquer after application does not melt anymore during all further processing of the material-plastic composite and the elastic plastic component is applied at least partially onto the lacquer layer by a hot-coating process and the thermosetting plastic component is applied at least partially onto the elastic plastic component by a hot-coating process of a thermosetting process, without thermal post-treatment after the composite formation.

4. The material-plastic composite of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the material component consists of metal and metal modifications, wood and wood modifications, plastic and plastic modifications, ceramic and ceramic modifications, or material combinations thereof.

5. The material-plastic composite of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the elastic plastic component consists of a thermoplastically processable elastomer/thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), the elastic plastic component having functional groups for forming covalent bonds with reactive and/or thermally and/or catalytically active groups of the paint layer, or the elastic plastic component having reactive and/or thermally and/or catalytically active groups for forming covalent bonds with functional groups of the paint layer.

6. The material-plastic composite of claim 5, wherein the elastic plastic component is comprised of polyurethane.

7. A material-plastic composite according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the elastic plastic component is applied by extrusion, multicomponent injection moulding, transfer or sandwich injection moulding or a foamed Dolphin process.

8. The material-plastic composite of claim 7, wherein the elastic plastic composition is applied by multi-component injection molding or sandwich injection molding.

9. A method for producing a material-plastic composite, wherein a paint layer is applied, film-formed and partially cross-linked to at least one material component,

-wherein the partially crosslinked lacquer has reactive free isocyanate and/or epoxy groups and/or isocyanate groups which can be deblocked by thermal cracking and/or uretdione and/or allophanate and/or biuret groups and subsequently at least one elastoplastic component is applied in the molten state at least partially onto the partially crosslinked lacquer layer by means of a thermal coating process, wherein the elastoplastic component has functional groups which are capable of forming covalent bonds in the molten state with the reactive and/or thermally and/or catalytically activatable groups of the partially crosslinked lacquer in the form of urethane and/or allophanate groups and/or urea groups and/or biuret groups and/or ester groups and/or ether groups and/or amide groups and/or amine groups,

or

-wherein the partially crosslinked lacquer has functional groups in the form of epoxy groups and/or hydroxyl groups and/or carboxylic acid groups, and subsequently at least one elastomeric plastic component is applied in the molten state onto the lacquer layer by means of a thermal coating process, wherein the elastomeric plastic component has free and/or thermally deblockable isocyanate groups and/or uretdione groups and/or allophanate groups and/or biuret groups and/or epoxy groups which are capable of forming covalent bonds in the molten state with the functional groups of the partially crosslinked lacquer,

10. A method for producing a material-plastic composite, wherein a paint layer is applied, film-formed and partially cross-linked to at least one material component,

-wherein the partially crosslinked lacquer has reactive free isocyanate and/or epoxy groups and/or isocyanate groups which can be deblocked by thermal cracking and/or uretdione and/or allophanate and/or biuret groups and subsequently at least one elastoplastic component is applied in the molten state at least partially onto the partially crosslinked lacquer layer by means of a thermal coating process, wherein the elastoplastic component has functional groups which are capable of forming covalent bonds in the molten state with the reactive and/or thermally and/or catalytically activatable groups of the partially crosslinked lacquer in the form of urethane groups and/or allophanate groups and/or urea groups and/or biuret groups and/or ester groups and/or ether groups and/or amide groups and/or amine groups,

or

-wherein the partially crosslinked lacquer has functional groups in the form of epoxy groups and/or hydroxyl groups and/or carboxylic acid groups, and at least one elastomeric plastic component is then applied in the molten state at least partially onto the lacquer layer by means of a thermal coating process, wherein the elastomeric plastic component has free and/or thermally deblockable isocyanate groups and/or uretdione groups and/or allophanate groups and/or biuret groups and/or epoxy groups which are capable of forming covalent bonds in the molten state with the functional groups of the partially crosslinked lacquer,

and in a multicomponent process at least one thermoplastic rigid plastic component is at least partially applied to the elastomeric plastic component by a hot coating process,

11. A method for producing a material-plastic composite, wherein a paint layer is applied, film-formed and partially cross-linked to at least one material component,

or

and at least partially applying at least one thermosetting plastic component onto the elastic plastic component by means of a thermal coating process,

12. The method according to claim 9, 10 or 11, wherein a metal and a metal-modified product, a wood and a wood-modified product, a plastic and a plastic-modified product, a ceramic and a ceramic-modified product, or a material composition thereof is used as the material component.

13. Method according to claim 9 or 10 or 11, wherein a thermoplastically processable elastomer/thermoplastic elastomer TPE is used as the elastic plastic component, which has reactive and/or thermally and/or catalytically activatable groups for forming covalent bonds with the functional groups of the paint layer, or which has functional groups for forming covalent bonds with the reactive and/or thermally and/or catalytically activatable groups of the paint layer.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein polyurethane is used as the elastic plastic component.

15. A method according to claim 9 or 10 or 11, wherein the elastic plastic composition is applied by extrusion, multi-component injection moulding, transfer or sandwich injection moulding or a foamed Dolphin process.

16. The method according to claim 9 or 10 or 11, wherein the elastic plastic composition is applied as an intermediate layer or as a functional layer having a thickness of 0.1 to 10 mm.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the thickness is 0.5 to 2 mm.

18. Method according to claim 9 or 10 or 11, wherein the elastic plastic component is applied in a modified and/or filled and/or reinforced manner as an intermediate layer or as a functional layer.

19. The method according to claim 10, wherein the thermoplastic rigid plastic component is applied in a modified and/or filled and/or reinforced manner.

20. The method according to claim 11, wherein the thermosetting plastic composition is applied in a modified and/or filled and/or reinforced manner.

21. The method according to claim 9 or 10 or 11, wherein the lacquer layer is applied from a dispersion or as a powder or as a melt or as a 100% liquid system.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the 100% liquid system is a solution.