HK1011035B

HK1011035B - Curable, photoactive polymeric materials

Info

Publication number: HK1011035B
Application number: HK98112206.8A
Authority: HK
Inventors: Herr Rolf-Peter; Herzog Francois; Schuster Andreas
Original assignee: Rolic Ag
Priority date: 1995-09-15
Filing date: 1998-11-21
Publication date: 2002-01-04

Description

The invention relates to new photoactive polymer materials with 3-aryl acrylic acid esters and amides, which can be interlaced, and their use as orientation layers for liquid crystals and for the construction of unstructured and structured optical elements and multilayer systems.

The orientation layer is of particular importance in (electro-optical) liquid crystal devices, and is used to ensure uniform and undistorted orientation of the molecular axes.

The direction of friction determines the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in liquid crystal displays (LCDs). However, there are some serious disadvantages associated with rubbing, which can greatly affect the optical quality of liquid crystal displays. Rubbing creates dust, which can lead to optical errors in the display. At the same time, the polymer layer is electrostatically discharged, which, for example, in Thin Film Transistor (TFT) TN-LCDs, can have the destruction of the thin layer transistor beneath it as an outcome.

Another disadvantage of rubbing is that it is not possible to produce structured orientation layers in a simple way, since the orientation direction cannot be varied locally when rubbing. Rubbing can thus produce layers that are mainly uniformly aligned over a large area. However, structured orientation layers are of great interest in many areas of display technology and integrated optics.

For some time now, orientation layers have been known where the orientation direction can be specified by irradiation with polarized light, which avoids the problems inherent in rubbing, and there is also the possibility of specifying the orientation direction differently by area and thus structuring the orientation layer.

One method of structured liquid crystal orientation uses the isomerisation ability of certain dye molecules to photochemically induce a preferred direction by irradiation with polarized light of suitable wavelength. This is achieved, for example, by mixing a dye with an orientation polymer, which is then irradiated with polarized light. Such a guest/host system is described, for example, in US-A-4,974,941. In this system, azo molecules are mixed in polyimodification layers and then repeatedly irradiated with polarized light. Liquids that are so refractory to the surface of one layer are in contact with this layer, oriented accordingly.

In contrast to the reversible orientation method described above, the photostructable orientation layers described in Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 31 (1992), 2155 use a polymeric anisotropic network. These photo-oriented polymer networks can be transmitted via one-way circuits, such as structured or unstructured cyclic fluid-oriented arrays. These photostructured non-crystalline fluid-oriented arrays can be transmitted via optical filters such as the European Patent No. 0686-068A, EP-A, EP-A, and the European Patent No. 0689-068A. These can also be transmitted via photoreceptor-based fluid-oriented arrays such as the EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-A, EP-

Err1:Expecting ',' delimiter: line 1 column 503 (char 502)

It now appears that this type of orientation of the cinnamic acid in the known photopolymers is by no means optimal. Photochemical competitive reactions have a disruptive effect on orientation. The known cinnamic acid polymers are characterized by insufficient photochemical long-term stability. For example, prolonged UV light irradiation of a pre-made orientation layer destroys the originally existing orientation. Multiple exposures, in which an existing orientation layer is partially covered with a given pattern once again to orient the unexposed areas in another direction, can only be performed if the previously exposed areas are completely covered by a mask.

Another disadvantage of the cinnamic polymers used so far is that orientation surfaces made from these materials by simple exposure to polarized light do not have an angle of tilt, but in particular for use in LCDs, in addition to the orientation direction, an angle of tilt must be transmitted through the orientation layer.

In the above-mentioned uniaxially rubbed polymer orientation layers, this tilt angle is generated already during the friction process on the polymer surface. If a liquid crystal is brought into contact with such a surface, the liquid crystal molecules are not parallel but inclined to the surface, so the tilt angle is transferred to the liquid crystal. The size of the tilt angle is determined by both friction parameters such as thrust speed and pressure as well as by the chemical structure of the polymer.Err1:Expecting ',' delimiter: line 1 column 144 (char 143)

The purpose of the invention is therefore to produce photoreactive polymers which do not have the disadvantages described above of the cinnamic acid polymers used so far, i.e. the lack of photochemical long-term stability and, in particular, the lack of tilt angle after irradiation, with polarized light, and are thus capable of producing stable high-resolution orientation patterns.

Err1:Expecting ',' delimiter: line 1 column 217 (char 216)

The present invention relates to polymer compounds containing recurrent units of the general formula I: M1a recurrent monomeric unit from the group: acrylate, methacrylate, 2-chloracrylate, 2-phenylacrylate; where appropriate, low-alkyl N-substituted acrylamide, methacrylamide, 2-chloracrylamide and 2-phenylacrylamide; vinyl ether, vinyl ester, styrene derivatives, siloxane;S1spacing units, such as a simple covalent bond, a straight chain or branched alkyl grouping, where appropriate, simple or multiple with fluorine, chlorine or cyano substitution, as follows, represented by the whole number of - ACHr2), and - (COCO2-O2) - (CO2-O2) - (CO2-O2) - (CO2-O2) - (CO2-O2) - (CO2-O2) - (CO2-O2) - (CO2-O2) - (CO2-O2) - (CO2-O2) - (CO2-O2) - (CO2-O2) - (CO2-O2) - (CO2-O2) - (CO2-O2) - (CO2-O2) - (CO2-O2) - (CO2-O2) - (CO2-O2) - (CO2-O2) - (CO2-O2) - (CO2-O2) - (CO2-O2) - (CO2-O2) -O2) - (CO2-O2) - (CO2-O2) -O2) - (CO2-O2) -O2) - (CO2-O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2) -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2 -O2Phenylenes, pyridines, cyanoes, cyanoes, alkyl or alkoxy substituted with chlorine, cyanoes, cyanoes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanes, cyclohexan, cyclohexan, cyclohexan, cyclohexan, cyclohexan, cyclohexan, cyclohexan, cyclohexan, cyclohexan, cyclohexan, cyclohexan, cywherein the term 'substituted alkyl' means a straight chain or branched alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, whether or not substituted with fluorine or chlorine, an alkyl or an alkoxy substitute with a cycloalkyl residue with 3 to 8 ring atoms, if any;

The present invention also relates to the use of the polymers of the invention as a guiding layer for liquid crystals and their use in optical components, in particular for the manufacture of hybrid layer elements.

The polymer materials of the invention are composed only of recurrent units of general formula I (homopolymers as defined in claim 16 or contain in addition to the recurrent units of general formula I additional recurrent units (copolymers) as defined in claims 1.6 and 11).

Comonomer units for the C-C-linked polymer materials of the invention with the main chain may be further structures of formula I and/or other structures commonly used in polymer chemistry, such as straight or branched alkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid, allyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid, alkyl vinyl ether or ester, phenoxyalkylacrylate or phenoxyl methacrylate, or hydroxyalkylacrylate or hydroxyalkylacrylate, phenylalkylacrylate or phenylalkylacrylate, where the structure of the alkyl residues is 1 to 20, but in particular 1 to 10, but not more than 1 to 6 carbonyl nitrites; but they may have a structure of 1 to 20, but not more than 1 to 6, but not more than 4 but not more than 10 but not more than 1 to 6, but not more than 1 to 10, but not more than 1 to 6, of the hydroxy residues of acrylic or methacrylic acid; for example, for acrylic or methacrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic or methacrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic or methacrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic or methacrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic, but not more than 1 to 10, but not more than 1 to 6, of the structure of the hydroxy residues of methacrylic or methacrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic or methacrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic or methalic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic or methalic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic ac

Comonomer units for siloxanes are preferably further siloxan structures of formula I and/or dimethylsiloxane groups.

The proportion of comonomer units in the polymers of the invention not conforming to a structure of formula I shall be less than or equal to 50%, preferably less than or equal to 30%, but in particular less than or equal to 15%.

Err1:Expecting ',' delimiter: line 1 column 62 (char 61)

For example, recurrent monomer units (M1) are Acrylates such as

where R1 means hydrogen or low alkyl;

Err1:Expecting ',' delimiter: line 1 column 54 (char 53)

Err1:Expecting ',' delimiter: line 1 column 64 (char 63)

Err1:Expecting ',' delimiter: line 1 column 69 (char 68)

Err1:Expecting ',' delimiter: line 1 column 56 (char 55)

Err1:Expecting ',' delimiter: line 1 column 54 (char 53)

Err1:Expecting ',' delimiter: line 1 column 69 (char 68)

Err1:Expecting ',' delimiter: line 1 column 64 (char 63)

Err1:Expecting ',' delimiter: line 1 column 75 (char 74)

Err1:Expecting ',' delimiter: line 1 column 56 (char 55)

Examples of preferred phenyl residues are 1,3, 1,4, 4- and 5-methyl-1,3-phenyls, 4- and 5-methyl-1,3-phenyls, 4- and 5-ethyl-1,3-phenyls, 4- and 5-ethyl-1,3-phenyls, 4- and 5-ethyl-1,3-phenyls, 2- and 3-methyl-1,4-phenyls, 2- and 3-ethyl-1,4-phenyls, 2- and 3-methyl-1,4-phenyls, 2- and 3-methyl-1,3-phenyls, 2- and 3-ethyl-1,3-methyl-1,3-methyl-1,3-methyl-1,3-methyl-1,4-phenyls, 2- and 3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1, and 2-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1, and 2-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1, and 2-ethyl-1,3-ethyl-1, and 2-ethyl-1,4-ethyl-1, and 2-ethyl-1,4-ethyl-1, and 2-ethyl-1, and 2-ethyl-ethyl-ethyl-ethyl-ethyl-ethyl-ethyl-ethyl-ethyl-ethyl-ethyl, and 2-ethyl-ethyl-ethyl-ethyl-ethyl, and 2-ethyl-ethyl-ethyl-ethyl, and 2-ethyl-ethyl-ethyl, and 2-ethyl-

The polymer compositions of the invention are copolymer compositions with recurrent units of the general formula Ia, In which M1, M1'independently a recurrent monomeric unit from the group of acrylate, methacrylate, 2-chloracrylate, 2-phenylacrylate, where appropriate with low alkyl N-substituted acrylamide, methacrylamide, 2-chloracrylamide and 2-phenylacrylamide; vinyl ether, vinyl ester, styrene derivatives, siloxane;S1, S1'independently spaced units such as a simple covalent bond, a simple or multiple straight or branched chain with fluorine, chlorine or cyano-substituted alkyl grouping, wherein the whole number is represented by -sr2 (s) and -r2 (s) and -r2 (s) of mass ≤ 20,0 (r2) and -r2 (r2) of mass ≤ 20,0 (r2) and -r2 (r2) of mass ≤ 20,0 (r2) and -r2 (r2) of mass ≤ 20,0 (r2) and -r2 (r2) of mass ≤ 20,0 (r2) and -r2 (r2) of mass ≤ 20,0 (r2) and -r2) of mass ≤ 20,0 (r2) and -r2 (r2) ≤ 20,0 (r2) and -r2) ≤ 20,2 (r2) ≤ 0,2 (r2) ≤ 0,2 (r2) ≤ 0,2 (r2) ≤ 0,2 (r2) ≤ 0,2 (r2) ≤ 0,2 (r2) ≤ 0,2 (r2) ≤ 0,2 (r2) ≤ 0,2 (r2) 0,2 (r2) ≤ 0,2 (r2) 0,2 (r) ≤ 0,2 (r) ≤ 0,2 (r) 0,2 (r) + (r) + (r) + (r) + (r) + (r) + (r) + (r) + (r) + (r) + (r) + (r) + (r) + (r) + (r) + (r) +) + (r) + (r) +) + (r) + (r) + (r) +) + (r) + (r) +) + (r) + (r) +) + (r) + (r) + (r) +) + (r) + (r) +R2 and R3 independently of each other hydrogen or low alkyl;Rings A, A' independently of each other unsubstituted or substituted with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy, or, where appropriate, phenylenes, pyridin-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, cyclohexan-1,4-diyl, piperidin-1,4-diyl, piperazin-1,4-diyl;Rings B, B' independently of each other unsubstituted or, where appropriate, with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy substituted phenylenes, pyridin-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, 1,4- and 2,6-naphthyl, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, 1,1-dioxane-1,1,1,3-dioxane-1,3,3-dioxane-1,3-dioxane-1,2-dioxane-1,2-dioxane-1,2-dioxane-1,2-dioxane-1,2-dioxane-1,2-dioxane-1,2-dioxane-1,2-dioxane-2,2-dioxane-2,2-dioxane-2,2-dioxane-2,2-dioxane-2,4-dioxane-2,4-dioxane-2,4-dioxane-2,4-dioxane-2,4-dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-2,dioxane-dioxane-dioxane-dioxane-dioxane-dioxane-dioxane-dioxane-dioxane-dioxane-dioxane-dioxane-dioxane-dioxane-dioxane-dioxane-dioxane-dioxane-dioxaneC'indistinguishable from each other or substituted with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy phenylenes, or pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, 2,5-thiophenylen, 2,5-furanylen, 1,4- or 2,6-naphthyl;Z, Z'indistinguishable from each other -O- or -NR5-, where R5 is hydrogen or a low alkyl, or a second group of formula D, where D, D'a straight chain or branched alkyl group substituted with fluorine or chlorine, where applicable, containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a fluorinated, chlorinated, alkyl or alkyl substitute with 3- to 8 R-hydroxyethyl chloride, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-methyl acrylate, 2-methyl acrylate, 2-methyl acrylate, 2-methyl acrylate, 2-methyl acrylate and 2-methyl acrylate;Methacrylic acid, allyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid, alkyl vinyl ether or ester, phenoxyalkylacrylate or phenoxyalkyl methacrylate or hydroxyalkylacrylate or hydroxyalkyl methacrylate phenylalkylacrylate or phenylalkylalmethacrylate, where the alkyl residues are 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10, but in particular 1 to 6 carbon atoms; means acrylonitrile, methacryl nitrile, styrene, 4-methylstyrene or siloxane; and w, w1 and w2 are mole fractions of the comonomers with 0 < w1, 0 < w1 < 0,51 and 0< w2≤ 0.

The preferred are copolymer compounds with recurrent units of the general formula Ia, wherein Rings A, A' independently unsubstituted or substituted with each other or with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy phenylenes, pyridin-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or cyclohexane-1,4-diyl;Rings B, B' independently unsubstituted or substituted with each other or with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy phenylenes, pyridin-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, 1,4- and 2,6-methyl or cyclohexane-1,4-diyl respectively;Rings 01, 02, 01, 01, 02, 01, 02, 01, 02, 01, 02, 02, 01, 02, 02, 01, 02, 01, 02, 02, 01, 02, 02, 02, 01, 01, 02, 01, 01, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 01, 01, 01, 01, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 01, 01, 01, 01, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 01, 01, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 01, 01, 02, 02, 01, 01, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 01, 01, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 01, 01, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 01, 01, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 01, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 01, 01, 02, 02, 01, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 01, 02, 01, 01, 02, 02, 02, 01, 01, 02, 01, 01, 02, 02, 02, 01, 02, 02, 01, 01, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 01, 01, 02, 02, 02, 02, 01, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02,

In particular, copolymer compositions with recurrent units of the general formula Ia, where n and n' = 0, are preferred and

M1 and S1 and M1′ and S1′ and M2 have the meanings given above; and Rings B, B' independently unsubstituted or substituted with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy, where appropriate, phenylenes, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or cyclohexane-1,4-diyl;Y2,Y2' independently a simple covalent bond, -CO-O or -O-OC-m, m'0 or 1; Rings C, C' independently unsubstituted or substituted with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy, where appropriate, phenylenes or 1,4- or 2,6-naphthyl;n, n'Z, Z'Z, O'-; and D' independently are a straight or branched chain of 12 to 12 carbon atoms, with carbon atoms < 1 < 01, and w < 0,1 < 01, and w < 0,2 < 0,1.

For example, a copolymer composition of formula Ia can be produced in analogy to example 3, namely

The following are the values of the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (s) in the active substance (in the active substance (in the active substance (in the active substance (in the active substance (in the active substance (in the active substance (in the active substance (in the active substance (in the active substance (in the active substance (in the active substance (in the active) in the active substance (in the active substance (in the active) in the active (in the active (in the active) in the active (in the active (in

Other copolymer formulae of the invention of general formula I with structures common in polymer chemistry consist of compounds of formula Ib, In which

M1, M2, S1, A, B, C, D, Z, Y1, Y2, m and n have the meanings set out above; and The test chemical is a chemical that is used to determine the concentration of a substance in a sample.

The preferred copolymer compositions are those with recurrent units of the general formula Ib, wherein M1, M2 and S1 having the meanings specified above; andRing unsubstituted or substituted with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy phenylenes, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or cyclohexane-1,4-diyl, where appropriate;Ring unsubstituted or substituted with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy phenylenes, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, 1,4- and 2,6-naphenylenes or cyclohexane-1,4-diyl;Y1, Y2 unsubstituted, a simple covalent compound, -CH2CH2, -O-, -CH2-O-, -CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-CO-

In particular, copolymer compositions with recurrent units of the general formula Ib, where n = 0, are preferred. M1, M2 and S1 have the meanings given above;Ring Bunsubstituted or substituted with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy, where applicable, phenylenes, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or cyclohexane-1,4-diyl;Y2a simple covalent bond, -CO-O or -O-OC;m0 or 1;Ring Cunsubstituted or substituted with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy, where applicable, phenylenes or 1,4- or 2,6-naphthyls;n0;Z-O-; andYour straight or branched alkyl group with 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and W2M means Components with w ≤ 1 < 0 and W < 0,5 < 02.

Such particularly preferred copolymer compounds with structures of formula Ib commonly used in polymer chemistry are described in example 7, namely Poly [1-[6-[4-[4-[[[(E) -2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenoxycarbonyl-phenoxy]-hexyloxycarbonyl]-1-methyl-ethylene-co-1-[2-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl]-1-methyl-ethylene] (Example 7); Poly [1-[6-[4-[2-methoxy-4-[E) -2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-methyl-phenoxybonyl-carbonyl-hexyloxycarbonyl]-vinyl-1-methyl-carbonyl-co-ethyl-methyl-methyl-hexy-carbonyl-hexyloxy-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl

Other copolymer formulae of the invention of general formula I consist of recurrent units of general formula Ic, In which

M1, S1, A, B, C, D, Z, Y1, Y2, m and n and M1', S1', A', B', C', D', Z', Y1', Y2', m' and n' have the meanings given above; and w and w1 are mole fractions of the comonomers with 0< w < 1, 0 < w1< 1.

The preferred copolymer compositions are those with recurrent units of the general formula Ic, wherein and rings A, A' independently of each other, or substituted with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy, phenylenes, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or cyclohexane-1,4-diyl, and rings B, B' independently of each other, or substituted with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy, phenylenes, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, 1,4- and 2,6-methyl or cyclohexane-1,4-diyl, respectively; 0Y1, 02, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y2, 0Y1, 0Y2, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 0Y1, 02, 0Y1, 0Y1, 02, 0Y1, 02, 0Y1, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 02, 03, 03, 03, 03, 03, 03, 03, 03, 03, 03, 03, 03, 03, 03, 03, 04, 04, 04, 04, 04, 04, 04, 04, 04, 04, 04, 04, 04, 04, 04, 04, 04, 04, 04, 05, 05, 0

In particular, copolymer compositions with recurrent units of the general formula Ic, where n and n' = 0, are preferred and M1 and S1 and M1' and S1' have the meanings given above; andRings B, B' independently unsubstituted or substituted, where appropriate, with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy phenylenes, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or cyclohexane-1,4-diyl;Y2,Y2' independently of each other a simple covalent bond, -CO-O or -O-OC-m, m' independently of each other 0 or 1;Rings C, C' independently of each other unsubstituted or substituted, where appropriate, with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy phenylenes or 1, 04- or 2,6-naphenylenes;N',N',Z'O, Z'O, Z'D' independently of each other, and a compound containing < 1, 1 or < 12 < 1, 1 M < 1; Compound elements are mixed with alkyl groups and w < 1, 1 < 1;

Such a particularly preferred copolymer composition is described in Example 9, namely

The following is the list of active substances that are to be classified as 'methanol-based' in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council:

The homopolymer compounds of the invention are homopolymer compounds with recurrent units of the general formula I, In which

M1, S1, A, B, C, D, Z, Y1, Y2, m and n have the meanings given above.

Such a preferred homopolymer composition is, for example:

Homopolymer compounds with recurrent units of general formula I are particularly preferred, wherein M1 and S1 having the meanings specified above; andRing unsubstituted or substituted with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy, where appropriate,phenylenes, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or cyclohexane-1,4-diyl;Ring unsubstituted or substituted with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy, where appropriate,phenylenes, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, 1,4- or 2,6-naphthyl or cyclohexane-1,4-diyl;Y1,Y2 independently of each other, a simple covalent bond, -CH2CH2, -O-, -CH2-O-, -CH2-O-, -CO-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O;Ring unsubstituted or substituted with fluorine, chlorine-2,-2, 2,2-diyl or cyclohexane-2, or cyclohexane-2,2, or in particular with methyl or methyl, or methyl, or 1,2-diyl, or 2,5-methyl, or in the case of methyphenols, substituted with methylenes, or alkyl, or methyl, or methyl, or methyl, or 2,2-diol, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or alkyl, or meth, or meth, or alkyl, or meth, or alkyl, or meth, or alkyl, or meth, or meth, or alkyl, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or meth, or

Homopolymer compounds with recurrent units of the general formula I, where n = 0, are particularly preferred and M1 and S1 have the meanings given above; andRing Bunsubstituted or substituted with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy, where appropriate, phenylenes, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or cyclohexane-1,4-diyl;Y2 means a simple covalent bond, -CO-O or -O-OC-;m0 or 1;Ring Cunsubstituted or substituted with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy, where appropriate, phenylenes or 1,4- or 2,6-naphthyls;n0;Z-O; andYour straight or branched alkyl group with 1 to 12 carbon atoms;

The following homopolymer compounds are particularly preferred: The following are the types of products which may be used: [1-[4-[[[E]-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenoxycarbonyl]-1-methylethylene] (Example 1); Poly [1-[[4-[[E]-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenylaminocarbonyl]-1-methylethylene] (Example 1); Poly [1-[2-[[4-[E]-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenylaminocarbonyl]-1-methylethylene] (Example 8); Poly [1-[2-[4-[E]-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenylaminocarbonyl-phenylaminocarbonyl-methyl-carbonyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl] (Example 4); Poly [1-[4-[4-[E]-2-[4-[4-[4-]-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl] (Example 4); Poly [4-[4-[4-]-[4-[4-]-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl] (Example 4); Poly [4-[4-[4-]-[4-]-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl] [4-[4-]]]]]]]] (Example 4); Poly [4-[4-[4-[4-[4-[4-]-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl] (Example 4]]]] (Example 4); Poly

The polymers of Formula I are characterized by their easy accessibility and the methods of production are known to the specialist.

The polymers of formula I can in principle be produced by two different processes: in addition to the direct polymerization of prefabricated monomers, the polymer analogues of reactive cinnamic acid derivatives with functional polymers can be translated.

For direct polymerization, the monomers and comonomers are first assembled separately from the individual components. The formation of the polymers is then done in a known way by exposure to UV radiation or heat or by exposure to radical or ionic catalysts. Examples of radical initiators are potassium peroxodisulfate, dibenzoyl peroxide, azobiasisobutyronitrile or di-tert-butyl peroxide.

In the second method, a polymer of formula I can also be produced in a polymer analogy reaction from a pre-fabricated functional polymer and a suitably functionalized cinnamic acid derivative.

The advantage of this approach is that hydroxycitric acid derivatives can be etherized with polyhydroxyalkylacrylates or polyhydroxyalkyl methacrylates in solution under the conditions of the Mitsunobu reaction, for example, so that all hydroxyl groups are converted (homopolymer) or so that after conversion there are still free hydroxyl groups on the polymer, which can then be further functionalized in a further polymer analog conversion, thus creating copolymers.

The cinnamic acids are partially available for purchase or can be obtained from available aldehydes or from cyano compounds by known methods such as the Knoevenagel or Wittig reaction, by reduction to the corresponding aldehydes.

The cinnamic acid units of the general formula I can be dimerized by irradiation with linearly polarized light after the polymer layer has been applied to a medium.

For example, to produce polymer orientation layers in selectively bounded areas, a solution of the resulting polymer material can be produced and then sprayed in a spin coating apparatus on a medium (e.g. indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass plate) coated with an electrode, to produce homogeneous layers of 0.05-50 μm thickness. The areas to be oriented can then be homogenized, for example, with a mercury high pressure lamp, a xenon lamp or a pulsed UV laser using a polaris and, if necessary, a mask to create structures. The duration of exposure can vary depending on the power of the filter and the number of hours the radiation can be passed through, but the intensity of the exposure can also vary.

The polymers of the invention are further illustrated by the following examples: in the examples below, Tg denotes the glass temperature, ε the molar decay absorption coefficient, G a glass-solid, C the crystalline, S the smectic, N the nematic and I the isotropic phase, p the number of repeating units, so that polymers with a molecular weight between 1 000 and 5 000 000, but preferably between 5 000 and 2 000 000, but particularly advantageously between 10 000 and 1 000 000 MW, are produced; w, w1 and w2 mole fractions of the comonomers with 0.5 < 0 w < 1, 0 < w < 1 and 0 < w < 2 .

Example 1 Poly[[4-[E]-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenoxycarbonyl]-1-methylethylene] and its salts

The solution was rinsed with a weak argon current for 15 minutes. The reaction vessel was then airtight and heated to 60 °C. The vessel was opened for 24 hours, the solution was diluted with 4 ml of THF and repeatedly stirred at room temperature in 800 ml of diethyl ether. The resulting polymer was removed and diluted in 60 °C water. The polymer was further diluted in a vacuum with a volume of 0.37 ml of diethyl ether (max.

The 2-methyl acrylic acid 4-[[[[E]-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenyl ester used as starting material was produced by the following process:

3- (hydroxyphenyl) acrylic acid methyl ester

The solution was heated for 2 hours under reflux, then the main quantity of methanol (about 200 ml) was distilled and the remaining volatile residue was poured into 1.3 litres of ice water. The failed ester was extracted and successively dried with cold water, with a slightly cold NaHCO3 solution and again with cold water. Drying at 50 °C in a water jet vacuum yielded 51.1 g of 3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) acrylic acid methyl ester in the form of a light brownish-coloured powder.

2-Methyl acrylic acid 4-[[[E]-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenyl ester

10.5 g (59 mmol) 3- ((hydroxyphenyl) 4-acrylic acid methyl ester was dissolved in 170 ml of tetrahydrofuran and added successively to 9.1 ml (65 mmol) triethylamine and 0.079 g (0.65 mmol) 4-dimethylamino-pyridine (DMAP). 6.8 g (65 mmol) methacrylic acid was dripped to the solution cooled to about 15 °C over 30 minutes. The reaction product was stirred at room temperature overnight and then filtered over a thin layer of silica gel. The silica gel was thoroughly washed with THF. After purification of the solution, the raw product was crystallized. 200 ml of ethyl ester was extracted from the solution.

The following polymers can be synthesized in an analogue manner: The following entries are added in column 010: 'Chemicals and other products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and other products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and other products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and other products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and other products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and other products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and other products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and other products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and other products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and other products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and other products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and other products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and other products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and other products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and other products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and other products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and other products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and other products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and other products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and other products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and other products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and other products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and other products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and products of heading 2937', 'Chemicals and products of heading 2936, 'Chemicals and products of heading 2936, and products of heading 296', 'Chemicals and products of heading 296', 'Chemicals and products of heading 296', 'Chemicals and products of heading 296', 'Chemicals and products of heading 296', 'Chemicals and products of heading 296', 'Chemicals and products of heading 296', 'Chemicals and products of the following products of the following products of the same heading' and products of the same heading' and of the same heading' and of the same heading' and of the same heading' and of the same heading' and of the same heading' and of the same heading' and of the same heading' and of the same heading' and of the same heading' and of the same heading' and of the same heading' and of

Example 2: Polyethylene, containing by weight:

The solution was rinsed with a weak argon current for 15 minutes. The reaction vessel was then airtightly closed and heated to 55 °C. After 24 hours, the vessel was opened, the solution was diluted with 4 ml of THF and recovered from the solidified R at room temperature in 800 ml of diethyl polyvinyl chloride. The polymer was refreshed and drained to 60 °C. The polymer was dissolved in a vacuum of 60 cm2 after a vacuum of 60 cm2 (maximum 0.34 inches) of diethyl chloride and dissolved in a vacuum of 98 ml of diethyl chloride.

The 2-methyl acrylic acid 2-[4-[[[[E]-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenoxy]-ethyl ester used as starting material was obtained by the following process:

(E) 3-[4-[2-Hydroxyethoxy]-phenyl]-acrylic acid methyl ester

30 g (168 mmol) 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acrylic acid methyl ester (Example 1), 29 g (210 mmol) anhydrous K2CO3 and a spatula tip KJ were presented in 200 ml of dimethylformamide. Under stirring, 14.91 g (185 mmol) 2-chlorothenol was added at 85 °C within 5 minutes. The solution was stirred at 85 °C for 3 days. The salts were then filtered and the filter was pressed dry in the water jet vacuum. After crystallization from i-propanol methyl methyl, 16.1 g (E) -3-[4-[2-hydroxy[2-hydroxy]phenyl]acrylic ester was obtained in white crystalline form.

2-methyl acrylic acid 2-[4-[[[E]-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenoxy]ethyl ester

To complete the reaction, the solution of 6 g (27 mmol) (E) -3-[4-[2-hydroxyethoxy]phenyl]acrylic acid methyl ester, 5.85 g (28.3 mmol) N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and 0.37 g (3 mmol) 4-dimethylamino-pyridine in 80 ml tetrahydrofuran (THF) was slowly dripped with 2.56 g (30 mmol) methacrylic acid in 10 ml THF. The solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. To complete the reaction, 1.46 g (7.1 mmol) DCC were added and after one hour of stirring, 0.5 g (9.5-vinyl) 4-dimethylamino-pyridine was added. The solution was then stirred for 24 hours, resulting in a dilution of 236 g (8.3 mmol/L) of cyclohexyl phenylethyl ester (CAS 2-62-75-62-OH) and a dilution of 0.25 g (0.2 mmol/L) of 2-methyl phenylethyl ester (CAS 2-62-OH) and a dilution of 0.25 g (0.2 mmol/L) phenylethyl phenylethyl phenyleth ester (CAS 2-62-OH) was added to a solution of 0.25 g (0.2 mmol) phenylethyl phenylethyl phenyleth phenyleth ester (CAS 2-62-OH) and a dilution of 0.2 mmol phenylethyl phenyleth is added to a solution of 0.25 g (0.2 mmol) phenylethyl phenylethyl phenyleth phenyleth ester (0.2O) and a dilution of 0.2 g (0.2 mmol) phenylethyl phenylethyl phenylethyl phenyleth phenyleth is added to the solution of 0.2 phenylethyl phenyleth is added to a solution of 0.2 g (0.2 mmol) phenylethyl phenylethyl phenyleth is added to the solution of 0.2 g (0.2 mmol) and 0.2 mm

The following polymers can be synthesized in an analogue manner: The term 'methyl methacrylate' means a compound containing a mixture of methacrylate and methacrylate, which is a mixture of methacrylate and methacrylate, and which is a mixture of methacrylate and methacrylate, which is a mixture of methacrylate and methacrylate, and which is a mixture of methacrylate and methacrylate.

Example 3: Polyethylene, containing by weight: by polymer-analogue etherisation to Mitsunobu

The solution was cooled to 0 °C. Within 4 hours, 1.4 ml (8.8 mmol) of azodicarbon diethyl ester (DEAD) were added to argon with 7.5 ml of dimethylacetamide (DMA). This reaction was repeated at room temperature for a further 15 minutes after removal of the triphenylphosphate and 1.44 g (8.8 mmol) 3- (8.1-hydroxyphenyl) acrylic acid methyl ester at room temperature. The reaction was then carried out at 60 °C. The reaction was then conducted in a vacuum chamber at a temperature of 0.6 °C. The solution was then cooled to 0 °C. Within 4 hours, 1.4 ml (8.8-mmol) of azodicarbon diethyl ester (DEAD) were added to a solution. This reaction was repeated at room temperature for a further 15 minutes after removal of the ice-blast at 0 °C. The solution was then removed at room temperature for a further 15 hours. The reaction was then carried out in a vacuum chamber at a temperature of 60 °C. The solution was then dissolved in a 900 ml of diethyl methacrylic amethyl methacrylate (T2O2) and treated in a vacuum chamber at a temperature of 60 °C. The solution was then dissolved in water at a vacuum chamber at a temperature of 0.6 °C. The reaction was then dissolved in a vacuum chamber at a temperature of 0.6 °C. The solution was then dissolved in water at a vacuum at a temperature of 0.6 °C. The reaction was then dissolved in a vacuum chamber at a temperature of 0.6 °C. The solution was then dissolved in water at a vacuum at a temperature of 0.6 °C. The reaction was dissolved in a vacuum at a vacuum at a temperature of 0.6 °C. The reaction was then dissolved in water and dissolved in a vacuum at a vacuum at a temperature of 0.6 °C. The reaction was dissolved in water at a vacuum at a temperature of 0.6 °C. The reaction was dissolved in water was dissolved in a vacuum at a vacuum at a vacuum at a temperature of

The following polymers can be synthesized in an analogue manner: The following entries are added in column 1A.10.A.10.A.10.B. to this row: 'Methyl methacrylate' (which is a compound containing methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, methacry

Example 4: Polyethylene glycol, whether or not chemically defined

The solution was rinsed with a weak argon current for 30 minutes. The gel vessel was then airtight and heated to 55 °C. After 24 hours, the vessel was reopened, the solution was diluted with a standard solution of 8 mg = 35 ml of THF = 8 mg = 50 ml of THF, and the solution was stirred in 1.6 mL polyvinyl chloride at room temperature. The polymer was purified and dissolved in water at 50 °C. The polymer was further dissolved in water at 50 °C. The liquid was then dissolved in a vacuum of 24 mL of methylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxylenedioxygen (THL-dioxylenedioxygen) at a standard temperature of 7 to 75 °C.

The 4-[6-[2-methyl-acryloyloxy) -hexyloxy]benzoic acid 2-methoxy-4-[[[[-E) 2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]phenyl ester used as starting material was produced by the following process:

4- ((6-Hydroxy-hexyloxy) benzoic acid

229.2 g (1.66 mol) p-hydroxybenzoic acid was dissolved in 600 ml of methanol and transferred to 480 ml H2O at 60 °C within 10 minutes with a solution of 151 g (3.77 mol) NaOH. 271.2 g (1.99 mol) 6-chlorhexanol was slowly added to this solution. Finally, 0.75 g potassium iodide was added and the solution was boiled for 60 hours under reflux. For processing, the yellow solution was boiled in 31 H2O and added with 10 percent HCl (about 600 ml) until a pH of 1 was reached. The milky suspension was filtered through a large nozzle. The residue was dried and cauterized twice. 1.51 g of ethanol was decrystallized. This raised 229.6 g (4-hydroxybenzoic acid) to 136 °C.

4-[6-[2-Methyl-acryloyloxy) -hexyloxy]benzoic acid

71.5 g (0.3 mol) 4- ((6-hydroxy-hexyloxy) benzoic acid and 101.5 g (1.18 mol) methacrylic acid were dissolved in 950 ml of chloroform. After adding 7.2 g (0.07 mol) hydroquinone and 7.2 g (0.04 mol) p-toluol sulfonic acid, the solution was boiled for 48 hours in the water separator under reflux. The clear brown solution was then evaporated, the residue was absorbed in 1.5 l diethyl ether, filtered and shaken five times with 300 ml H2O each. The organic phase was dried over Na2SO4, evaporated and the residue from methanol doubled.

4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-cyanoic acid methyl ester

The analysis was performed by analogy with sample 1 of 25 g (0.129 mol) 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-cinnamic acid and 180 ml methanol with concentrated sulphuric acid as catalyst.

4-[6-[2-Methyl-acryloyl-oxy) -hexyloxy]benzoic acid 2-methoxy-4-[[[[-E]-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenyl ester

The remaining acid chloride was absorbed into 20 ml of dichloromethane and slowly reduced to a solution of 5.25 g (0.025 mol) 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid methyl ester and 4.25 ml of triethylamine at 25 °F. The solution was stirred at room temperature, filtered and filtered until the liquid was absorbed. The remaining acid chloride was returned to the gas chamber by a 2-hydroxy-methyl ester at 0 °C; the solution was purified by a 2-hydroxy-methyl ester at 6,31 °F.

The following polymers can be synthesised in an analogue manner:Poly [1-[6-[4-[4-[[E) -methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-methenoxycarbonyl-methenoxy-vinyl]-methenoxy-vinyl]-1-methyl-ethylene], in the phase sequence (°C): G 64 LC1 135 LC2 164 I;Poly [1-[6-[4-[2-methoxy-carbonyl-vinyl]-phenoxycarbonyl]-phenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-vinyl], in the phase sequence (°C): Poly [1-[4-methoxy-methenoxy-vinyl]-methenoxy-methenoxy-vinyl-methenoxy-vinyl-methenoxy-vinyl-methenoxy-methenoxy-vinyl-methenoxy-methenoxy-vinyl-methenoxy-methenoxy-vinyl-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-vinyl-vinyl-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-methenoxy-meth

Example 5: Poly (ethylene glycol) and its salts

0.5 g (1.4 mmol) 4-[E) 2-methoxycarbonylvinyl]phenyl ester and 0.071 g poly (methyl hydrogen siloxane) were dissolved in 3 ml toluene. The solution was rinsed over a septum on the reaction vessel with a weak stream of nitrogen for 10 minutes. Then 8 μl of a platinum-divinyl-methyl tri-diisoyl complex solution was injected into the reaction complex at room temperature in a stirrer. The solution was stirred for 24 hours at 55 °C. The polymer solution was then stirred in 400 ml of ice-cold poly (methyl hydrogen siloxane). The high polymer was separated, dissolved in 400 ml of genoxycarbonyl-methyl n-butyl (methyl genoxy) genoxy (methyl n-butyl) 400 ml, and dissolved in 0.4-methoxy (methyl methoxy) n-butyl (methyl n-butyl) 400 ml. This process was followed by the second vacuum dissolving process using methanol (methyl n-butyl) n-butyl (methyl) n-butyl (methyl) n-butyl).

The 4-but-3-enyloxy) benzoic acid 4-[[[[E]-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenyl ester used as starting material was produced by the following process:

4-butylenedioxybenzoic acid

After 5 hours, the ethanol was removed at the rotary evaporator. The water phase was brought to a pH of 10 with NaOH and extracted several times with diethyl ether. The aqueous phase was poured on a mixture of 46 ml of concentrated HCl and 500 ml of ice water. The resulting acid was filtered, washed with a little water and recrystallized (2:1) with 4-butyl ether. After 60 °C, the water remained white in the vacuum at 120 °C (40 °F) as methanol powder (I) (I):

4-but-3-enyloxy) benzoic acid 4-[[[E]-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenyl ester

The excess thionyl chloride was first completely removed in the water jet and then in a high vacuum. The remaining acid chloride was absorbed in 10 ml of dichloromethane and slowly dissolved at 0 °C to a mixture of 7.59 g (0.042 mol) 3-butyl-3-hydroxyphen) acrylic acid methyl ester (Example 1-butyl) and 6 ml of triethylenediethyl methyl ester (Example 1-butyl) in 40 ml of dichloromethane. The solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. The white vinyl resins were added by diethyl chloride.

The following polymers can be synthesized in an analogue manner: [Oxy-[4-[4-[2-methoxy-vinyl-vinyl]-phenoxy-vinyl-vinyl-butyl], Tg = 47 °C;Poly [Oxy-[4-[2-methoxy-vinyl-butyl]-methyl-vinyl-butyl;Poly [4-[2-methoxy-vinyl-butyl]-methyl-vinyl-butyl;Poly [4-[4-[2-methoxy-vinyl-butyl]-methyl-butyl;Poly [4-[4-methoxy-vinyl-butyl]-methyl;Poly [4-[4-methoxy-vinyl-butyl]-methyl;Poly [4-[4-methoxy-vinyl-butyl]-methyl;Poly [4-[4-methoxy-vinyl-butyl]-butyl;Poly [4-[4-methoxy-vinyl-butyl]-butyl;Poly [4-methoxy-vinyl-butyl]-butyl;Poly [4-[4-methoxy-vinyl-butyl]-butyl;Poly [4-methoxy-vinyl-butyl]-butyl;Poly [4-methoxy-butyl]-butyl;Poly [4-methoxy-butyl]-butyl;Poly [4-methoxy-butyl]-butyl;Poly [4-methoxy-butyl]-butyl;Poly [4-methoxy-butyl]-butyl;Poly [4-methoxy-butyl;Poly [4-methoxy-butyl]-butyl;Poly [4-methoxy-butyl]-butyl;Poly [4-methoxy-butyl;Poly [4-methoxy-butyl]-butyl;Poly [4-methoxy-butyl]-butyl;

Example 6 Poly[1-[3-[4-[4'-[[E]-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-biphenyl-4-yl]-cyclohexyl]-propoxycarbonyl]-1-methyl-ethylene]

The polymerization of the trans-2-methyl acrylic acid 3-[4-[4'-[(E)-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-biphenyl-4-yl]-cyclohexyl]-propyl esters to Poly [1-[3-[4-[4'-[(E)-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-biphenyl-4-yl]-cyclohexyl]-propoxycarbonyl]-1-methyl-ethylene] was carried out by analogy Example 1. The polymer has the following phase sequence (C): G 156 C 208 I.

The trans-2-methyl acrylic acid 3-[4-[4'-[(E)-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-biphenyl-4-yl]-cyclohexyl]-propyl ester used as starting material was obtained by the following process:

Trans-4'-[4-[3-hydroxypropyl) cyclohexyl]-biphenyl-4-carbonitrile

After 45 minutes, 1 g of sodium boric acid was added again. After another hour, the reaction was interrupted and distributed between the methyl chloride and Inorganic acid. The organic phase was then washed several times with water, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and incorporated. The crystal was crystallized and turned into 11,5 g/g of transcyclic acid (methyl-44-biphenyl-4-propyl-4-hydroxy) as crystalline.

Trans-4'-[4-[3-hydroxypropyl) cyclohexyl]-biphenyl-4-carboxaldehyde

The reaction mixture was then slowly heated to room temperature and allowed to react for another 3.5 hours, then 1 n of hydrochloric acid was slowly added, stirred for 1 hour and then the reaction mixture was distributed between and methyl chloride. The organic phase was then washed several times with water, dried through a magnesia crystal, filtered and embedded. Crystallization from a crystalline/tricyclic chloride box produced 9,9 g of trans-hydroxy-4-methyl-propyl-carbonyl-methyl-carbonyl-phosphatate (MH4H4O4-H4O4-H) as a yellow solution.

Trans-4'-[4-[3-[2-methyl-acryloyloxy) -propyl]-cyclohexyl]-biphenyl-4-carboxaldehyde

To make a solution of 2.9 ml methacrylic acid in 30 ml tetrahydrofuran, 9.4 ml triethylamine and then 2.63 ml methanosulfonic acid chloride were first dripped at -25 °C. Then further stirred at -25 °C for 1 hour and then a solution of 9.9 g trans-4'-[4- ((3-hydroxypropyl) cyclohexyl]-biphenyl-4-carboxaldehyde and 1.1 g 4-dimethylamino pyridine was added to 50 ml tetrahydrofuran. Then the reaction was allowed to continue for 2.5 hours at 0 °C and then 18 hours at room temperature. The reaction vessel was then filtered through Celite filter rock, which filtered the ether and water, which dissolved the ether over f-carboxulphate. This was then mixed in 11,5 g trans-4'-hydroxypropyl-methyl-methyl-propyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-propyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-propyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-propyl-methyl-methyl.

Trans-methyl acrylic acid 3-[4-[4'-[[[[[E]-2-methoxycarbonyl vinyl]-biphenyl-4-yl]-cyclohexyl]-propyl ester

A solution of 6.4 ml of phosphonic acid acetylamethyl ester in 50 ml of dry tetrahydrofuran was dripped at 0 °C for 10 minutes, 27.6 ml of a 1.6 n butyl lithium solution was stirred for 1.5 hours at 0 °C, and then within 5 minutes at the same temperature, a solution of 11.5 g of crude trans-4'-[4-[3-[2-methyl-acryloyloxy) -propyl]-cyclohexyl]-biphenyl-4-carboxaldehyde was dripped into 50 ml of dry tetrahydrofuran. The reaction mixture was then slowly heated to room temperature and allowed to react for 15 hours. The reaction mixture was then crystallised between methylvinyl chloride and hydrochloric acid, which was then dissolved in organic solvent with a 0,71'-[2-methyl-acryloxy-propyl]-hydroxy-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-methyl-meth

Example 7 Poly (vinyl alcohol) with a purity by weight of more than 0,5% but not more than 0,5%

The solution was rinsed with a weak argon current for 30 minutes. The reaction vessel was then airtightly closed and heated to 55 °C. After 15 hours, the vessel was reopened, the solution was diluted with 2F polyvinyl chloride and a polymer starch at room temperature of 0.91 °C. The solution was then diluted with 1 ml of diethyl methaxyethyl methaxyethyl methaxyethyl phenol at 50 °C. The reaction was repeated with 1 ml of diethyl methaxyethyl methaxyethyl methaxyethyl phenol at 50 °C.

The 4-[6-[2-methyl-acryloxy) hexyloxy]benzoic acid 4-[[[-E) 2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenyl ester used as starting material was produced by analogy with the 4-[6-[-E] 2-methoxy-carbonyl-vinyl-phenyl ester (Example 4).

The following polymers can be synthesized in an analogue manner: The following substances are to be classified in the immediate vicinity of the product: 1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-meth-1-methyl-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-1-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-2-meth-meth-meth-meth-meth-meth-meth-meth-methyl-1-meth-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-methyl-1-meth-methyl-1-methyl-1-meth

Example 8: Poly (ethylene glycol) and its salts

The solution was rinsed with a weak argon current for 30 minutes. The reaction vessel was then airtight and heated to 60 °C. After 9 hours, the vessel was opened, the solution was diluted with 2 ml THF and dissolved in 11 ml methanol under strong stirring at room temperature. The abnormal polymer was reabsorbed and reabsorbed in polyvinyl chloride at 40 °C. The polymer was further dissolved in cacophonyl chloride (C6H9O2-C) at a vacuum of 0.24 g/cm3 (Thronometallic acid) and dissolved in a vacuum of 1 μm2 and a standard molecular weight of 266 μm; this was obtained by a vacuum dialysis of 1 μm2 and a polymer at 30 °C.

The 2-methyl acrylic acid (E) 2- ((2-methoxycarbonyl vinyl) -naphthalene-6-yl ester used as starting material was produced by the following process.

(E) 3- ((6-Hydroxynaphthalene-2-yl) acrylic acid methyl ester

After adding 545 mg (1.79 mmol) tri-o-tolyyl phosphine, the reaction solution was boiled overnight under reflux. After 15 hours, the reaction was interrupted and distributed between the ethyl acetate and water. The organic phase was washed with water and the aqueous phases were repeatedly treated with methyl acetate three times each. The combined organic phases were treated with magnesium sulphate, filtered over celitrock and completely incorporated in a vacuum.

It consists predominantly of hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C1 through C4.]

0,89 g (3.9 mmol) (E) -3-(6-hydroxynaphthalin-2-yl) acrylic acid methyl ester, one spatula tip BHT and 0,66 ml of triethylamine were dissolved in 10 ml of THF. After cooling to 0 °C, a solution of 0,39 ml (4,07 mmol) methacrylic acid chloride was dripped into 4 ml of THF within 30 minutes. The white suspension was stirred for another hour at 0 °C and then distributed on ether and water. The organic phase was washed twice with water and the aqueous phases were repeated twice with diethyl ether. The combined organic phases were magnetized over magulphur vinyl acetate, filtered over Ceph and fully vacuumed. The product was dissolved in 20 ml of raw methacrylic acid from 2-methyl ester (E-62-methyl ether) in a vacuum.

Example 9: The value of all the materials of Chapter 9 used does not exceed 20% of the ex-works price of the product

The solution was then rinsed for 30 minutes with a thin argon stream. The reaction vessel was sealed and the polymer air was heated to 55 °C. The polymer was then opened to 60 °C. The liquid was dissolved in a vacuum chamber with a solution of 2-methyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethethyl methoxyethethethyl methoxyethethethyl methoxyethethethyl methoxyethethethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethethyl methoxyethethethethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethethethyl methoxyethethethethethyl methoxyethethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl methoxyethyl metho

The 4-[6-[2-methyl-acryloyloxy) hexyloxy]benzoic acid 2-methoxy-4-[[(E) 2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]phenyl ester and the 4-[2-[2-methyl-acryloyloxy) ethoxy]benzoic acid 2-methoxy-4-[(E) 2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]phenyl ester were prepared by the process described in Example 4.

The following polymers can be synthesized in an analogue manner: The following entries are added in column 1A.10.A.10.B. to this row: 'Chemicals and food preparations containing chemicals which are not classified as chemicals by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical names or by their chemical or by their chemical or by their chemical or by their means:

Claims

Copolymer compositions with repeating units of general formula Ia, and a molecular weight of 1,000 to 5,000,000 wherein
M¹ signifies a repeating monomer unit from the group acrylate, methacrylate, 2-chloroacrylate, 2-phenylacrylate; unsubstituted or N-lower alkyl substituted acrylamide, methacrylamide, 2-chloroacrylamide and 2-phenylacrylamide; vinyl ether, vinyl ester, styrene derivative, siloxane;

S¹ signifies spacer units such as, for example, a single covalent bond, a straight-chain or branched alkylene grouping represented hereinafter by -(CH₂)_r-, as well as -(CH₂)_r-O-, -(CH₂)_r-O-(CH₂)_s-, - (CH₂)_r-O-(CH₂)_S-O-- (CH₂)_r-CO-, -(CH₂)_r-CO-O-, -(CH₂)_r-O-CO-, -(CH₂)_r-NR²-, -(CH₂)_r-CO-NR²-, -(CH₂)_r-NR²-CO-, -(CH₂)_r-NR²-CO-O- or -(CH₂)_r-NR²-CO-NR³- which is optionally mono- or multiply substituted with fluorine, chlorine or cyano and in which r and s are each a whole number of 1 to 20, with the proviso that r + s ≤ 20, and R² and R³ each independently signify hydrogen or lower alkyl;

ring A signifies phenylene, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, cyclohexane-1,4-diyl, piperdine-1,4-diyl, piperazine-1,4-diyl which is unsubstituted or optionally substituted with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy;

ring B signifies phenylene, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, 1,4- or 2,6-naphthylene, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, cyclohexane-1,4-diyl which is unsubstituted or optionally substituted with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy;

Y¹, Y² each independently signify a single covalent bond -(CH₂)_t-, -O-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-OC-, -NR⁴-, -CO-NR⁴-, -R⁴N-CO-, -(CH₂)_u-O-, -O-(CH₂)_u-, -(CH₂)_u-NR⁴- or -NR⁴-(CH₂)_u-, in which

ring C signifies phenylene which is unsubstituted or optionally substituted with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy, or pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, 2,5-thiophenylene, 2,5-furanylene, 1,4- or 2,6-naphthylene;

Z signifies -O- or - NR⁵-, in which R⁵ signifies hydrogen or lower alkyl, or a second group of formula D, in which

D signifies a straight-chain or branched alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted with fluorine or chlorine, a cycloalkyl residue with 3 to 8 ring atoms which is optionally substituted with fluorine, chlorine, alkyl or alkoxy;
M¹, S¹, A', B', C', D', Z', Y^1', Y^2', m' and n' are as defined under M¹, S¹, A, B, C, D, Z, Y¹, Y², m and n; and
M² signifies a repeating monomer unit from the group; acrylate, methacrylate, 2-chloroacrylate, 2-phenylacrylate; unsubstituted or N-lower alkyl substituted acrylamide, methacrylamide, 2-chloroacrylamide and 2-phenylacrylamide; vinyl ether, vinyl ester, straight-chain or branched alkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid, allyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid, alkyl vinyl ethers or esters, phenoxyalkyl acrylates or phenoxyalkyl methacrylates, or hydroxyalkyl acrylates or hydroxyalkyl methacrylates phenylalkyl acrylates or phenylalkyl methacrylates, with alkyl residues of 1 to 20 carbon atoms; acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, styrene, 4-methylstrene, siloxane;

w, w¹ and w² are molar fractions of the comonomers with 0 < w < 1, 0 < w¹ < 1 and 0 < w² ≤ 0,5.
Copolymer compositions according to claim 1 with repeating units of the general formula Ia, wherein
ring A signifies phenylene, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or cyclohexane-1,4-diyl which is unsubstituted or optionally substituted with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy;

ring B signifies phenylene, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, 1,4- or 2,6-naphthylene or cyclohexane-1,4-diyl which is unsubstituted or optionally substituted with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy;

Y¹, Y² each independently signify a single covalent bond - CH₂CH₂-, -O-, -CH₂-O-, -O-CH₂-, -CO-O- or -O-OC;

m, n each independently signify 0 or 1;

ring C signifies phenylene which is unsubstituted or optionally substituted with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy, or pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, 2,5-furanylene, 1,4- or 2,6-naphthylene;

Z signifies -O-, and

D signifies a straight-chain or branched alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl residue with 5 to 6 ring atoms which is optionally substituted with alkyl or alkoxy;

A', B', C', D', Z', Y^1', Y^2', m' and n' are as defined under A, B, C, D, Z, Y¹, Y², m and n; and

w, w¹ and w² are molar fractions of the comonomers with 0 < w < 1, 0 < w¹ < 1 and 0 < w² ≤ 0,5.
Copolymer compositions according to claim 2, wherein n and n' signify 0.
Copolymer compositions according to claim 3, wherein
ring B signifies phenylene, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or cyclohexane-1,4-diyl which is unsubstituted or optionally substituted with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy;

Y² signifies a single covalent bond, -CO-O- or -O-OC-;

m signifies 0 or 1;

ring C signifies phenylene which is unsubstituted or optionally substituted with fluorine, chlorine, cyano, alkyl or alkoxy or 1,4- or 2,6-naphthylene;

n signifies 0;

Z signifies -O- and

D signifies a straight-chain or branched alkyl group with 1 to 12 carbon atoms;

B', C', D', Z', Y^2' and m' are as defined under B, C, D, Z, Y² and m; and

w, w¹ and w² are molar fractions of the comonomers with 0 < w < 1, 0 < w¹ < 1 and 0 < w² ≤ 0,5.
Copolymer compositions according to claim 4, poly [1-[2-[4-[(E)-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenoxy]-ethoxycarbonyl]-1-methyl-ethylene-co-1-[2-[4-[(E)-2-propoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenoxy]-ethoxycarbonyl]-1-methylethylene-co-1-[2-hydroxy-ethoxycarbonyl]-1-methylethylene].
Copolymer compositions with repeating units of the general formula Ib and a molecular weight of 1,000 to 5,000,000 wherein
M¹, S¹, A, B, C, D, Z, Y¹, Y², m and n are as defined in claim 1;

M² is as defined in claim 1;

w and w² are molar fractions of the comonomers with 0 < w < 1 and 0 < w² ≤ 0,5.
Copolymer compositions according to claim 6 with repeating units of the general formula Ib, wherein A, B, C, D, Z, Y¹, Y², m and n are as defined in claim 2; w and w² are molar fractions of the comonomers with 0 < w < 1 and 0 < w² ≤ 0,5.
Copolymer compositions according to claim 7, wherein n signifies 0.
Copolymer compositions according to claim 8, wherein
B, C, D, Z, Y² and m are as defined in claim 4;

w and w² are molar fractions of the comonomers with 0 < w < 1 and 0 < w² ≤ 0,5.
Copolymer compositions according to claim 9
poly [1-[6-[4-[4-[(E)-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenoxycarbonyl]-phenoxy]-hexyloxycarbonyl]-1-methylethylene-co-1-[2-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl]-1-methylethylene];

poly [1-[6-[4-[2-methoxy-4-[(E)-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenoxycarbonyl]-phenoxy]-hexyloxycarbonyl]-1-methylethylene-co-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1-methyl-ethylene];

poly [1-[6-[4-[2-methoxy-4- (E)-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenoxycarbonyl]-phenoxy]-hexyloxycarbonyl]-1-methylethylene-co-1-[2-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl-1-methylethylene].
Copolymer compositions with repeating units of the general formula Ic, and a molecular weight of 1,000 to 5,000,000 wherein
M¹, S¹, A, B, C, D, Z, Y¹, Y², m and n are as defined in claim 1;

M^1', S^1', A', B', C', D', Z', Y^1', Y^2', m' and n' are as defined in claim 1 under M¹, S¹, A, B, C, D, Z, Y¹, Y², m and n;

w and w¹ are molar fractions of the comonomers with 0 < w < 1 and 0 < w¹ < 1.
Copolymer compositions according to claim 11, with repeating units of the general formula Ic, wherein
M¹ and S¹ are as defined in claim 1,

M^1' and S^1' are as defined in claim 1 under M¹, S¹;

A, B, C, D, Z, Y¹, Y², m and n are as defined in claim 2;

A', B', C', D', Z', Y^1', Y^2', m' and n' are as defined in claim 2 under A, B, C, D, Z, Y¹, Y², m and n;

w and w¹ are molar fractions of the comonomers with 0 < w < 1 and 0 < w¹ < 1.
Copolymer compositions according to claim 12, wherein n and n' signify 0.
Copolymer compositions according to claim 13, wherein
M¹ and S¹ are as defined in claim 1;

M^1' and S^1' are as defined in claim 1 under M¹, S¹;

B, C, D, Z, Y² and m are as defined in claim 4;

B', C', D', Z', Y^2' and m' are as defined in claim 4 under B, C, D, Z, Y² and m;

w and w¹ are molar fractions of the comonomers with 0 < w < 1 and 0 < w¹ < 1.
Copolymer compositions according to claim 14, poly [1-[6-[4-[2-methoxy-4-[(E)-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenoxycarbonyl]-phenoxy]-hexyloxycarbonyl]-1-methylethylene-co-1-[2-[4-[2-methoxy-4-[(E)-2-methoxycarbonyl]-vinyl]-phenoxycarbonyl]-phenoxy]-ethoxycarbonyl]-1-methyl-ethylene].
Homopolymer compositions with repeating units of the general formula I and a molecular weight of 1,000 to 5,000,000 wherein M¹, S¹, A, B, C, D, Z, Y¹, Y², m and n are as defined in claim 1.
Homopolymer compositions according to claim 16, poly [1-[3-[4-[4'-[(E)-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-biphenyl-4-yl]-cyclohexyl]-propoxycarbonyl]-1-methyl-ethylene].
Homopolymer compositions according to claim 16, with repeating units of the general formula I, wherein
M¹ and S¹ are as defined in claim 1;

A, B, C, D, Z, Y¹, Y², m and n are as defined in claim 2.
Homopolymer compositions according to claim 18, wherein n signifies 0.
Homopolymer compositions according to claim 19, wherein
M¹ and S¹ are as defined in claim 1;

B, C, D, Z, Y² and m are as defined in claim 4.
Homopolymer compositions according to claim 20
poly[1-[4-[(E)-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenoxycarbonyl]-1-methyl-ethylene];

poly[1-[4-[(E)-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenylaminocarbonyl]-1-methyl-ethylene];

poly[1-[2-[4-[(E)-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenoxy]-ethoxycarbonyl]-1-methyl-ethylene];

poly[1-[6-[4-[2-methoxy-4-[(E)-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenoxycarbonyl]-phenoxy]-hexyloxycarbonyl]-1-methylethylene];

poly[1-[6-[4-[4-[(E)-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenoxycarbonyl]-phenoxy]-hexyloxycarbonyl]-1-methylethylene];

poly[oxy-[4-[4-[4-[(E)-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-phenoxycarbonyl]-phenoxy]-butyl]-methyl-silylen];

poly[1-[2-[(E)-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl]-naphthalin-6-yloxycarbonyl]-1-methyl-ethylene].
Electro-optical devices, characterised in that photoactive polymer materials with 3-aryl-acrylic acid esters and amides according to any one of claims 1 to 21 are used as orienting layers for liquid crystals.
Use of crosslinkable, photoactive polymer materials with 3-aryl-acrylic acid esters and amides according to any one of claims 1 to 21 for the production of non-structured or structured optical elements and multi-layer systems.