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GB919019A - Production of metal oxides - Google Patents

Production of metal oxides

Info

Publication number
GB919019A
GB919019A GB6988/58A GB698858A GB919019A GB 919019 A GB919019 A GB 919019A GB 6988/58 A GB6988/58 A GB 6988/58A GB 698858 A GB698858 A GB 698858A GB 919019 A GB919019 A GB 919019A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
bed
oxygen
fluidized bed
oxide
employed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB6988/58A
Inventor
Arthur Wallace Evans
William Hughes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
British Titan Products Co Ltd
British Titan Ltd
Original Assignee
British Titan Products Co Ltd
British Titan Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to US25864D priority Critical patent/USRE25864E/en
Application filed by British Titan Products Co Ltd, British Titan Ltd filed Critical British Titan Products Co Ltd
Priority to GB6988/58A priority patent/GB919019A/en
Priority to GB31682/62A priority patent/GB919020A/en
Priority to DEB52353A priority patent/DE1203236B/en
Priority to US162747A priority patent/US3188173A/en
Publication of GB919019A publication Critical patent/GB919019A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/26—Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
    • B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
    • B01J4/002—Nozzle-type elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/1818—Feeding of the fluidising gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/1818—Feeding of the fluidising gas
    • B01J8/1827—Feeding of the fluidising gas the fluidising gas being a reactant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • B01J8/44—Fluidisation grids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
    • C01B13/14—Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general
    • C01B13/20—Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general by oxidation of elements in the gaseous state; by oxidation or hydrolysis of compounds in the gaseous state
    • C01B13/22—Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general by oxidation of elements in the gaseous state; by oxidation or hydrolysis of compounds in the gaseous state of halides or oxyhalides
    • C01B13/26—Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general by oxidation of elements in the gaseous state; by oxidation or hydrolysis of compounds in the gaseous state of halides or oxyhalides in the presence of a fluidised bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
    • C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
    • C01B33/18—Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof
    • C01B33/181—Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof by a dry process
    • C01B33/183—Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof by a dry process by oxidation or hydrolysis in the vapour phase of silicon compounds such as halides, trichlorosilane, monosilane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00477—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means
    • B01J2208/00495—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means using insulating materials or refractories
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/51—Particles with a specific particle size distribution
    • C01P2004/52—Particles with a specific particle size distribution highly monodisperse size distribution
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/12—Surface area
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/60—Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/90—Other properties not specified above

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)

Abstract

Oxides of titanium, aluminium, zirconium or hafnium are prepared by reacting the corresponding halide with oxygen in the presence of a fluidized bed of inert solids which has a cross-sectional area at least that of a circle of 15 inches diameter and contains sufficient solid to conserve the heat from p the exothermic reaction to render it self-sustaining. The reaction is effected in the bed and the oxide product is for the most part discharged in entrainment with the outgoing gases. The oxide accretion on the bed particles is maintained at or below 20% by weight of the inert solids material. The reactants are introduced, preferably separately, through a plurality of inlet ducts distributed across the bed cross-section and the inlet ducts are provided with constrictions each of which produces a pressure drop which is at least one half of the pressure drop from the bottom to the top of the fluidized bed. The fluidized bed may be as described in Specification 761,770, i.e. the particle size should be from 40-1000 microns, and temperature of the bed is normally between 800 DEG and 1300 DEG C. A proportion of the ozide product forms as an accretion on the bed particles and accordingly a portion of the bed may be withdrawn and cleaned, for example by chlorination. The reactants, namely the halide and oxygen are normally employed in stoichiometric amounts, but oxygen to chloride ratios from 0,75:1 to 4:1 may be employed. Withdrawal of the bed solids may be employed as a cooling means since such solids may be withdrawn and cooled or fed at any temperature desired to obtain adequate cooling and adequate purging of oxide accretion from the bed particles. The apparatus employed is described and claimed in Specification 919,020 and the orifices in the perforated base of the fluidized bed may be provided with means to bar ingress of the bed material to the fluidizing gas supply, as described in Specifications 724,193, 794,666 and 813,489. According to examples (1) a vertical steel shaft furnace was provided with a perforated base fitted with manifolds feeding titanium tetrachloride and oxygen. A zircon sand bed of 150 microns average diameter was preheated to 1100 DEG C. and the reaction temperature was thereafter maintained at 980 DEG C., overheating being prevented by feeding and removing zircon sand. A minor quantity of water may be added to the oxygen reactant stream. (3) Aluminium trichloride and oxygen were separately fed to a fluidized bed of zircon sand which was maintained at 1000 DEG C. throughout the reaction by withdrawing zircon sand and feeding in cool sand. Aluminium oxide of 0,07 microns diameter was obtained. Specification 849,140 also is referred to.
GB6988/58A 1953-08-06 1958-03-04 Production of metal oxides Expired GB919019A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US25864D USRE25864E (en) 1958-03-04 Production of metal oxides
GB6988/58A GB919019A (en) 1958-03-04 1958-03-04 Production of metal oxides
GB31682/62A GB919020A (en) 1958-03-04 1958-03-04 Fluidised-bed reactor
DEB52353A DE1203236B (en) 1958-03-04 1959-03-04 Process for the production of oxides of titanium, aluminum, zirconium or hafnium
US162747A US3188173A (en) 1953-08-06 1961-12-28 Process for the production of oxides of al, si and ti

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB6988/58A GB919019A (en) 1958-03-04 1958-03-04 Production of metal oxides

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB919019A true GB919019A (en) 1963-02-20

Family

ID=9824500

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB31682/62A Expired GB919020A (en) 1958-03-04 1958-03-04 Fluidised-bed reactor
GB6988/58A Expired GB919019A (en) 1953-08-06 1958-03-04 Production of metal oxides

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB31682/62A Expired GB919020A (en) 1958-03-04 1958-03-04 Fluidised-bed reactor

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) USRE25864E (en)
DE (1) DE1203236B (en)
GB (2) GB919020A (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2182650A (en) * 1985-11-09 1987-05-20 Tioxide Group Plc Finely divided alumina and its manufacture
US5081081A (en) * 1989-06-03 1992-01-14 Tioxide Group Plc Stabilized metal oxide powder composition
RU2468859C2 (en) * 2010-12-20 2012-12-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Зиракс" (ООО "Зиракс") Gas distribution grate for fluid bed apparatus
WO2025067984A1 (en) * 2023-09-26 2025-04-03 Kronos International, Inc. Reactor for a carbochlorination process with a double-wall inlet tube and method

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT505527B1 (en) * 2007-07-20 2011-09-15 Key Technologies Ind Gmbh REACTOR

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB761770A (en) * 1953-08-06 1956-11-21 British Titan Products Improvements in or relating to the preparation of titanium dioxide
DE1109292B (en) 1955-08-04 1961-06-22 British Titan Products Manufacture of titanium dioxide

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2182650A (en) * 1985-11-09 1987-05-20 Tioxide Group Plc Finely divided alumina and its manufacture
US4806333A (en) * 1985-11-09 1989-02-21 Tioxide Group Plc Finely divided oxide and its manufacture
GB2182650B (en) * 1985-11-09 1989-10-04 Tioxide Group Plc Finely divided alumina and its manufacture
US5081081A (en) * 1989-06-03 1992-01-14 Tioxide Group Plc Stabilized metal oxide powder composition
RU2468859C2 (en) * 2010-12-20 2012-12-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Зиракс" (ООО "Зиракс") Gas distribution grate for fluid bed apparatus
WO2025067984A1 (en) * 2023-09-26 2025-04-03 Kronos International, Inc. Reactor for a carbochlorination process with a double-wall inlet tube and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
USRE25864E (en) 1965-09-21
GB919020A (en) 1963-02-20
DE1203236B (en) 1965-10-21

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