GB2527289A - An attachment means for a building component - Google Patents
An attachment means for a building component Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2527289A GB2527289A GB1410537.3A GB201410537A GB2527289A GB 2527289 A GB2527289 A GB 2527289A GB 201410537 A GB201410537 A GB 201410537A GB 2527289 A GB2527289 A GB 2527289A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- building component
- attachment
- building
- reinforcement
- attachment means
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001431 Long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004918 carbon fiber reinforced polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011202 short fiber thermoplastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F10/00—Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins
- E04F10/005—Rigidly-arranged sunshade roofs with coherent surfaces
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F10/00—Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins
- E04F10/08—Sunshades, e.g. Florentine blinds or jalousies; Outside screens; Awnings or baldachins of a plurality of similar rigid parts, e.g. slabs, lamellae
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B1/00—Border constructions of openings in walls, floors, or ceilings; Frames to be rigidly mounted in such openings
- E06B1/04—Frames for doors, windows, or the like to be fixed in openings
- E06B1/34—Coverings, e.g. protecting against weather, for decorative purposes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
Abstract
An attachment 1 comprises a building component attachment portion 3 for securing a building component 2 to a structure. The attachment portion comprises at least one reinforcement member configured to support at least a portion of the weight of the building component and/or distribute the weight along the attachment portion when the building component is attached to a structure. The attachment may comprise at least one fastener 6 which may be received in apertures 9 in the attachment portion. The reinforcement may be in the form of a flat plate and may be encapsulated within the material of the attachment portion. The building component may be a canopy over a doorway and may be formed from a composite material such as fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) or glass reinforced plastic (GRP). The reinforcement may be formed from a metal such as steel.
Description
AN ATTACHMENT MEANS FOR A BUILDING COMPONENT
The present invention relates to an attachment means for a building component and in particular to an attachment means for the attachment of a building component to a building structure.
Modern buildings often comprise additional external features attached to the main structure which serve decorative and/or functional purposes. One typical example of an external feature is a canopy locatable above an entranceway. While these additional attachments would traditionally be constructed from wood or masonry, it has become common practice to construct all or portions of the attachments from composite materials which provide a lightweight yet strong and durable product.
Several attachment techniques exist for attachment of additional features such as canopies to building structures. In some cases, the canopy is attached with the aid of a support bracket which provides support to the canopy when attached and helps to spread the weight of the canopy across a greater attachment area. As a result of design restrictions or fitting requirements, some attachments are not provided with such a support bracket and are simply attached directly to the building structure via screws, bolts, or other such mechanical fixings passing directly through the canopy material. While such mechanical fixings are chosen to carry the required load of the canopy, they do so at discrete points across the canopy, resulting in areas between these discrete points which can separate from the building structure (see figure C). This issue of separation is of greater concern where the portion of the canopy attachable to the building structure comprises a thin plastic composite section capable of flexing away from the building under load. Moreover, as portions of the canopy separate from the building structure, greater forces are experienced at the mechanical fixings and on occasion these fixings, or the portions of the canopy held thereby, can fail resulting in a weakened canopy attachment or in the worst case a canopy which becomes detached from the building structure (see figures A, B, and D). This issue becomes even more prevalent when the weight of the canopy is increased by the collection of snow or exposure to wind.
It is an object of the present invention to obviate or mitigate the problem of securing a building component to a building structure without the use of a support bracket or other intermediate component while mitigating the risk of failure of the building component or its means of attachment.
Accordingly, the present invention provides an attachment means for a building component, the attachment means comprising a means for maintaining the integrity of the building component aftachment means against forces acting on the building component.
Preferably, the attachment means comprises a building component attachment portion for securing the building component to the building structure.
Ideally, the building component attachment portion comprises at least one reinforcement means.
Preferably, the reinforcement means is configured to support at least a portion of the weight of the building component and/or distribute at least a portion of the weight of the building component along or around at least a portion of the building component attachment portion when the building component is attached to a building structure.
Advantageously, the at least one reinforcement means supports and/or distributes the weight of the building component such that the stress experienced in the building component attachment portion comprises no localised stress concentrations which could potentially cause failure of the attachment means.
Ideally, the attachment means comprises at least one fastening means.
Advantageously, the at least one reinforcement means supports and/or distributes the weight of the building component such that the stress experienced in the local area of the building component attachment portion around the at least one fastening means is reduced thus reducing the likelihood of failure.
Ideally, there are a plurality of fastening means.
Preferably, the fastening means are mechanical fastening means.
Ideally, the building component attachment portion comprises one or more apertures for receiving fastening means.
Ideally, the reinforcement means is in mechanical connection with a plurality of fastening means such that forces applied or experienced by the fastening means can be transferred to the reinforcement means directly or via one or more intermediate components.
Alternatively, each fastening means has a corresponding reinforcement means.
Ideally, the reinforcement means is substantially flat.
Preferably, the reinforcement means is a reinforcement plate.
Ideally, the plate is a metallic plate.
Alternatively, the reinforcement means is an angular and/or corrugated and/or ribbed reinforcement means.
Ideally, the reinforcement means is a continuous reinforcement means.
Alternatively, the reinforcement means is an intermittent reinforcement means.
Ideally, where the reinforcement means is an intermittent reinforcement means, intermittent portions of the reinforcement means are locatable at or about the apertures for receiving fastening means.
Ideally, the fastening means have a building structure gripping portion.
Preferably, the fastening means building structure gripping portion is a threaded portion.
Preferably, the fastening means have a building component clamping portion.
Ideally, the fastening means building component clamping portion is a screw head.
Ideally, the building component attachment portion is contactable with a surface of the building structure attachable thereto.
Preferably, the building component attachment portion extends in plane with the outer surface of the building structure attachable thereto.
Ideally, the building component attachment portion is a plate like portion.
Preferably, the building component attachment portion is formed integrally of the building component or part thereof.
Ideally, the building component attachment portion is formed integrally of a flashing element of the building component.
Ideally, the reinforcement means is locatable between the building component clamping portion of the fastening means and the building structure.
Ideally, the reinforcement means is locatable internally of the building component attachment portion.
Ideally, the reinforcement means is encapsulated within the material of the building component attachment portion.
Ideally, the building component attachment portion has a building facing portion and portion which faces away from the building when the building component is attached thereto.
Preferably, the reinforcement means is locatable between the building facing portion of the building component attachment portion and the portion of the building component which faces away from the building when attached thereto.
Ideally, the reinforcement means is bonded to at least a portion of the building attachment portion during manufacture.
Alternatively, the reinforcement means is locatable between the building component clamping portion and the building component.
Ideally, a plurality of throughbores are formed in the building component attachment portion and the reinforcement means.
Preferably, each of the fastening means have a corresponding throughbore formed in the building component attachment portion and the reinforcement means.
Ideally, the building structure gripping portions of the fastening means are passable through the throughbores formed in the building component attachment portion and the reinforcement means and into the building structure.
Preferably, the building component clamping portion of the fastening means clamps the building component attachment portion and the reinforcement means between the building component clamping portion of the fastening means and the building structure.
Ideally, the building component is a canopy.
Preferably, the building component attachment portion is an upstand portion of the canopy.
Ideally, at least part of the building component attachment portion is at least partly manufactured from a composite material.
Preferably, the at least part of the building component attachment portion is at least partly manufactured from a composite having a polymeric matrix reinforced with fibres.
Ideally, the building component attachment portion is at least partly manufactured from fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs), carbon-fiber reinforced plastic (CFRF) or glass-reinforced plastic (GRP).
Preferably, the matrix is provided by a thermoplastic composite.
Ideally, the thermoplastic composite is a short fiber thermoplastics, a long fiber thermoplastics or a long fiber-reinforced thermoplastics.
Alternatively, the matrix is provided by a thermoset composite.
Ideally, the outer and/or inner rigid covering members of the building component at least partly comprises aramid fibre and carbon fibre in an epoxy resin matrix.
Preferably, the FRP5 include wood comprising cellulose fibers in a lignin and hemicellulose matrix.
Preferably, the reinforcement means is manufactured from a metallic material with sufficient strength to distribute the required loads.
Ideally, the reinforcement means is manufactured from steel.
Preferably, the reinforcement means are locatable around each of the apertures formed for receiving the fastening means.
Ideally, the reinforcement means are collars which surround the apertures formed for receiving the fastening means.
Preferably, each aperture formed for receiving the fastening means has a corresponding collar.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a building component having an attachment means, the attachment means comprising a means for maintaining the integrity of the building component attachment means against forces acting on the building component.
The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings which show by way of example only one embodiment of an apparatus in accordance with the invention. In the drawings: Figure A is a side sectional view of a prior art canopy showing failure of the canopy attachment; Figure B is a detail side sectional view of detail E of the prior art canopy of figure A illustrating failure of the canopy attachment; Figure C is a perspective view of a prior art canopy showing failure of the canopy attachment and distortion between fixing means; Figure D is a detail perspective view of detail F of the prior art canopy shown in figure C, illustrating the attachment portion pulled through the fixing means; Figure 1 is a perspective view of a canopy having a section cut away to show the reinforcement means; Figure 2 is a side sectional view of a canopy showing the canopy attached to a building structure and having a reinforcement means; and Figure 3 is a detail side sectional view of detail G of the canopy as shown in figures 1 and 2, showing the reinforcement means encased within the attachment portion of the canopy.
In the drawings, there is shown an attachment 1 for a canopy 2 comprising a canopy attachment portion 3 for securing the canopy 2 to a building structure 4. The canopy attachment portion 3 further comprises a reinforcement plate 5 which distributes the weight of the canopy along the canopy attachment portion 3 when the canopy 2 is attached to a building structure 4. The attachment 1 also comprises a plurality of screws 6.The reinforcement plate 5 distributes the weight of the canopy 2 such that the stress experienced in the canopy attachment portion 3 comprises no localised stress concentrations which could potentially cause failure of the throughbores 9 around the screws 6 The reinforcement plate 5 is in mechanical connection with the screws 6 via the canopy attachment portion 3 such that forces applied or experienced by the screws 6 are transferred to the reinforcement plate 5.
The canopy attachment portion 3 is contactable with a surface 7 of the building structure 4 and extends in plane therewith. The canopy attachment portion 3 is formed integrally of the canopy 2 as part of a flashing element 8 of the canopy 2 and extends substantially perpendicularly from the portion of the canopy 11 which extends from the building structure 4. The reinforcement plate 5 is locatable internally of the canopy attachment portion 3, encapsulated within the material of the canopy attachment portion 3.
The reinforcement plate 5 is bonded to the canopy attachment portion 3 during manufacture.
A plurality of aligned throughbores 9 are formed in the canopy aftachment portion 3 and the reinforcement plate 5, each throughbore 9 formed for receiving a screw 6. The screws 6 are passable through the throughbores and on into the building structure 4. The screw heads 10 clamp the canopy attachment portion 3 and the reinforcement plate 5 between the screw head 9 and the building structure 4.
The canopy attachment portion 3 is manufactured from glass reinforced plastic (GRP) or any suitable composite material, and the reinforcement plate 5 is manufactured from steel.
In relation to the detailed description of the different embodiments of the invention, it will be understood that one or more technical features of one embodiment can be used in combination with one or more technical features of any other embodiment where the transferred use of the one or more technical features would be immediately apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art to carry out a similar function in a similar way on the other embodiment.
In the preceding discussion of the invention, unless stated to the contrary, the disclosure of alternative values for the upper or lower limit of the permitted range of a parameter, coupled with an indication that one of the said values is more highly preferred than the other, is to be construed as an implied statement that each intermediate value of said parameter, lying between the more preferred and the less preferred of said alternatives, is itself preferred to said less preferred value and also to each value lying between said less preferred value and said intermediate value.
The features disclosed in the foregoing description or the following drawings, expressed in their specific forms or in terms of a means for performing a disclosed function, or a method or a process of attaining the disclosed result, as appropriate, may separately, or in any combination of such features be utilised for realising the invention in diverse forms thereof.
Claims (34)
- CLAIMS1. An attachment means for a building component, the attachment means comprising a means for maintaining the integrity of the building component attachment means against forces acting on the building component, the attachment means further comprising a building component attachment portion for securing the building component to the building structure, the building component attachment portion further comprising at least one reinforcement means configured to support at least a portion of the weight of the building component and/or distribute at least a portion of the weight of the building component along or around at least a portion of the building component attachment portion when the building component is attached to a building structure.11')
- 2. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one reinforcement means supports and/or distributes the weight of the building (0 o component such that the stress experienced in the building component attachment 04 portion comprises no localised stress concentrations which could potentially cause failure of the attachment means.
- 3. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the attachment means comprises at least one fastening means.
- 4. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in claim 3, wherein the at least one reinforcement means supports and/or distributes the weight of the building component such that the stress experienced in the local area of the building component attachment portion around the at least one fastening means is reduced.
- 5. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein there are a plurality of fastening means.
- 6. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the fastening means are mechanical fastening means.
- 7. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the building component attachment portion comprises one or more apertures for receiving fastening means.
- 8. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein the reinforcement means is in mechanical connection with one or more fastening means.
- 9. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in claim 8, wherein forces applied or experienced by the fastening means can be transferred to the reinforcement means directly or via one or more intermediate components.
- 10. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reinforcement means is a substantially flat reinforcement plate.
- 11') 11. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reinforcement means is a continuous reinforcement (0 means.
- 12. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in any one of claims 1 to r. . . . 10, wherein the reinforcement means is an intermittent reinforcement means.
- 13. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in claim 12 when dependent on claim 7, wherein intermittent portions of the intermittent reinforcement means are locatable at or about the apertures for receiving fastening means.
- 14. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 13, wherein the fastening means have a building structure gripping portion and a building component clamping portion.
- 15. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in claim 14, wherein the fastening means building structure gripping portion is a threaded portion.
- 16. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in claim 13 or claim 14, wherein the fastening means building component clamping portion is a screw head.
- 17. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the reinforcement means is locatable between the building component clamping portion of the fastening means and the building structure.
- 18. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in any one the preceding claims, wherein the reinforcement means is locatable internally of the building component attachment portion.
- 19. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in claim 18, wherein the reinforcement means is encapsulated within the material of the building component attachment portion.
- 20. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the reinforcement means is locatable between the building component clamping portion of the fastening means and the building component.11')
- 21. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the reinforcement means is locatable between the building component (0 clamping portion of the fastening means and the building component.
- 22. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in any one of the r. . . . preceding claims, wherein the reinforcement means is bonded to at least a portion of the building component attachment portion during manufacture.
- 23. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 22, wherein a plurality of throughbores are formed in the building component attachment portion and the reinforcement means for receiving the fastening means.
- 24. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in claim 23, wherein each of the fastening means have a corresponding throughbore formed in the building component attachment portion and the reinforcement means.
- 25. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in claim 23 or claim 24, wherein the building structure gripping portions of the fastening means are passable through the throughbores formed in the building component attachment portion and the reinforcement means and into the building structure and the building component clamping portion of the fastening means clamps the building component attachment portion and the reinforcement means between the building component clamping portion of the fastening means and the building structure.
- 26. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the building component is a canopy.
- 27. An attachment means for a building component as claimed claim 26, wherein the building component attachment portion is an upstand portion of the canopy.
- 28. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least part of the building component attachment portion is at least partly manufactured from a composite material.
- 29. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least part of the building component attachment LI') portion is at least partly manufactured from a composite having a polymeric matrix reinforced with fibres. (0
- 30. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in any one of the 04 preceding claims, wherein the building component attachment portion is at least partly manufactured from fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP5), carbon-fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) or glass-reinforced plastic (GRP).
- 31. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in claim 29 or claim 30, wherein the matrix is provided by a thermoplastic composite or a thermoset composite.
- 32. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in any one of claims 29 to 31, wherein the thermoplastic composite is a short fiber thermoplastic, a long fiber thermoplastic or a long fiber-reinforced thermoplastic.
- 33. An attachment means for a building component as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reinforcement means is manufactured from a metallic material with sufficient strength to distribute the required loads.
- 34. A building component having an attachment means, the attachment means for a building component comprising a means for maintaining the integrity of the building component attachment means against forces acting on the building component, the attachment means further comprising a building component attachment portion for securing the building component to the building structure, the building component attachment portion further comprising at least one reinforcement means configured to support at least a portion of the weight of the building component and/or distribute at least a portion of the weight of the building component along or around at least a portion of the building component attachment portion when the building component is attached to a building structure. IC)I'-.-15CD (\J20 r
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1410537.3A GB2527289A (en) | 2014-06-12 | 2014-06-12 | An attachment means for a building component |
| IE20150198A IE20150198A1 (en) | 2014-06-12 | 2015-06-12 | An attachment means for a building component |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1410537.3A GB2527289A (en) | 2014-06-12 | 2014-06-12 | An attachment means for a building component |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB201410537D0 GB201410537D0 (en) | 2014-07-30 |
| GB2527289A true GB2527289A (en) | 2015-12-23 |
Family
ID=51266527
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1410537.3A Withdrawn GB2527289A (en) | 2014-06-12 | 2014-06-12 | An attachment means for a building component |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2527289A (en) |
| IE (1) | IE20150198A1 (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1455409A (en) * | 1972-10-27 | 1976-11-10 | Birtley Mfg Ltd | Lintel and canopy assemblies |
| JPH08199692A (en) * | 1995-01-26 | 1996-08-06 | Misawa Homes Co Ltd | Fixing construction for exterior member |
| JPH11303292A (en) * | 1998-04-20 | 1999-11-02 | Musashino Cement Kogyo Kk | Hood |
| WO2004022877A1 (en) * | 2002-09-03 | 2004-03-18 | Corus Bausysteme Gmbh | Elongate retaining element |
| JP3854626B1 (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2006-12-06 | 株式会社共和 | 庇 |
-
2014
- 2014-06-12 GB GB1410537.3A patent/GB2527289A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2015
- 2015-06-12 IE IE20150198A patent/IE20150198A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1455409A (en) * | 1972-10-27 | 1976-11-10 | Birtley Mfg Ltd | Lintel and canopy assemblies |
| JPH08199692A (en) * | 1995-01-26 | 1996-08-06 | Misawa Homes Co Ltd | Fixing construction for exterior member |
| JPH11303292A (en) * | 1998-04-20 | 1999-11-02 | Musashino Cement Kogyo Kk | Hood |
| WO2004022877A1 (en) * | 2002-09-03 | 2004-03-18 | Corus Bausysteme Gmbh | Elongate retaining element |
| JP3854626B1 (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2006-12-06 | 株式会社共和 | 庇 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IE20150198A1 (en) | 2015-12-16 |
| GB201410537D0 (en) | 2014-07-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |