GB2413320A - Fluid purification device comprising a noble metal matrix in combination with active ceramics - Google Patents
Fluid purification device comprising a noble metal matrix in combination with active ceramics Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2413320A GB2413320A GB0407805A GB0407805A GB2413320A GB 2413320 A GB2413320 A GB 2413320A GB 0407805 A GB0407805 A GB 0407805A GB 0407805 A GB0407805 A GB 0407805A GB 2413320 A GB2413320 A GB 2413320A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- noble metal
- metal matrix
- water
- fluid
- ceramics
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 206010041235 Snoring Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 43
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010730 cutting oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010721 machine oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000589248 Legionella Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 208000007764 Legionnaires' Disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000012206 bottled water Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001412 Chicle Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloramine Chemical class ClN QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035473 Communicable disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 201000004624 Dermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000588722 Escherichia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011339 Manilkara zapota Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001794 Manilkara zapota Species 0.000 description 1
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607142 Salmonella Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000010668 atopic eczema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003857 carboxamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001332 colony forming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001484 edetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008029 eradication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCOXCILKVHKOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-nitramidoethyl)nitramide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)NCCN[N+]([O-])=O QCOXCILKVHKOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003250 oocyst Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011049 pearl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- GNBVPFITFYNRCN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium thioglycolate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)CS GNBVPFITFYNRCN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000000028 waterborne pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
- C02F1/505—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment by oligodynamic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
- C02F2103/023—Water in cooling circuits
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/42—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from bathing facilities, e.g. swimming pools
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
Abstract
A fluid treatment device comprising a noble metal matrix 4 in combination with active ceramics 3, to give a disinfecting effect. The noble metal matrix may comprise a mixture of copper and silver, and may be in form of a wire mesh which contains the active ceramics. The matrix may comprise a composite comprising an inner core (30, fig. 7) of noble metal encased in a second material (31, fig. 7) The second material may optionally be non-metallic such as a plastics material or may be a non-noble metal. Fluid communication paths (32, fig. 7) are provided to allow the fluid to be treated access to the surface of the noble metal core. As well as reducing the viable numbers of a wide range of bacteria and other micro-organisms, the device aids flocculation. It may be used in Legionella protection for held water systems, such as in air-conditioning systems, in the disinfection of potable water storage, swimming pools, spa baths or cooling water, de-scaling lime build up, or it may be used to disinfect other fluids such as machine oil, cutting oils and bacterially infected fuel oil or diesel oil.
Description
t C C e #e e 24 1 3320 Fl.,UID PURIFICATION DEVICE
Field of the Invention
The invention relates to netllods and apparatus for the purification of fluids, particularly with respect to the use ol a combination of noble metals and activated ceramics for the reductions or elimination of nicroorganisms. The methods and apparatus are also useful to aid flocculation of suspended solids, including micro-orgallisms.
Review of the Ale known to the Applicant Many infectious diseases of mall are caused by water-borne organisms. These organisms may gain access to lumalls by ingestion of water, by deposition of organisms from water to food, eating and drlnlhlg vessels, or by inhalation of water droplets containing the pathogenic organisms. The presence of water bome pathogens is particularly problematic in situations where a body of water is maintained at temperatures that may allow the organisms to survive or grow. Situations such as this are often found in air cooling systems, swimming pools, spa balLs and other aquatic recreational situations.
Furl.]lenllore, such water-home organisms are commonly fowld in other fluids such as aqueous suspensions and solutions as well as non-aqueous fluids Sucl t]uids would include machine oil and cutting oils; cooling fluids used for example on oil drilling platfonns; fuel oils.
., 2,.. "',2, '. ", Established tecl1ology for the disinfection of swimming pools and spas is predominantly concon1ed with dosing the system with chemicals that generate a concentration of disinfecting agent in the water, such as ch]oine. Systems such as this pose a number of problems for both users and operators alike.
It is important to maintain the concentration of the disinfecting agents at an appropriate level with regard to loath safety and efficacy. However, dosage control is often inaccurate, and operators, who often dislike handling chemicals, may not be trained to the con ect standards. These factors may lead to pool and spa waters not being treated adequately or safely.
Inappropriate use of disinfection agents may also lead to the formation of dangerous gasses such as phosgene. In order to maintain safe and efficacious conditions, the control of pH Is often required, requiring the addition of alkalis or acids. This poses additional self-evident problems for operators.
Furthen1lore, the unstable nature of the disinfection systems often necessitates constant manual monitoring, which is inaccurate.
The shortcomings of manual monitoring could, in principle, be overcome by the use of auto-nol1iLonng systems. However, due to the inherent tinge lags in systems such as these, such auto-n1onitoing does not cope well with high load periods, leading operators to resort to inte1l1ittent manual dosing of disinfection agents. This often leads lo occasional high levels of disinfection agents which is at best perceived as unpleasant, and at worst unhealthy.
Where chlorine is used as the disinfection agent, it can pose particular problems. It may leave users' skin dry, and produces an unpleasant atmosphere. Furthermore, chloramines fonned through the reaction of organic amides in body fluids with cl1lorDle, produce odours, sting eyes and dry out the skin of users. They are also known to cause eczema. Filially, disinfecting media such as these are, oJ course, products of the clerical industry. In this respect, reduction in their use would contribute to overall environmental goals c.: :e :. ë 's:: of reduction of the generation of greenhouse gasses, and the release of other contaminants into the atmosphere.
The prior ale contains descriptions of many devices for purifying water and other fluids. The development of technology in this field may be illustrated by a number of typical examples. U1( patent application GB2227998A describes a water purifying device comprising three coaxially mounted cylinders, and containing activated charcoal as a purifying material. Intenahonal application PCT/GB99/00965 describes a water purification and filtration device that uses a fine mesh of silver wire to eradicate bacteria and other contaminants from water. Likewise, lJK patent application GB2375105A discloses water disinfection/fltration ncda connpising a lalitted mesh of silver and copper wire.
We have developed a novel combination of active ceramic and noble metals that has unexpectedly improved performance over the use of tile materials alone, or what would be expected from their mere collocation. Furthermore, use of the technology aids flocculation. As well as having an effect on inert suspended solids, llocculatio' is advantageous for the removal of parasites such as CrJptosporidun', Garda oocysts, and certain viruses.
this new system is effective against contamination prevailing in swinging pools and spas, (for example the contamination introduced by body fluids such as urine and perspiration) and thus provides the basis for a more economical pool and spa bath E,uifcaLion system. The system is also more ecologically acceptable than the curl ent chemical fomls of disinfection.
Fluid treatment devices according to this invention 1lave wide implication.
IJses of the device include the following: Water: L,egonella protection for held water systems, air conditioning systems, occasional usage water equipment (such as safety showers, leisure centre facilities, sports clubs etc); disinfection of potable wale'- storage; disinfection of high volume held water supplies; disinfection of swimming pools, spa baths :: . ::4::' C 1 . . c e.
and Jacuzzs); cleaning water and other water uses in the food industry where storage/low usage nnay cause a bacterial contamination problem; held water used for cooling any application where the water becomes bacterially contaminated.
Other Fluids: Machine oil/cutting oils where held in reservoirs for usage; cooling fluids when stored between use, such as oil drilling platfonns, well drilling rigs etc.; general production process protection where fluids and/or aqueous solutions are held in line or in storage; replacement disinfection system where it is necessary to purge and disinfect production equipment after production run and prior to next run; disinfection of bacterially infected fuel oil/diesel oil in motor, marine, aeronautical industries, reduction of viscosity and/or surface tension, improving cost factor in pumping of fluids.
Other [Jses: De-scaling of lime build up in domestic and commercial uses, such as calorifiers, water heating equipment and such similar equipment; improvements to electrical efficiency when used in conjunction with water heating equipment; inhibition of biofiln growth.
The system is effective against a wide range of water-borne pathogens Including bacteria such as Legionella pneumoph71a, Salmonella t'phinzurium, Fuzterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas spp. and Escherchia colt, protozoa such as Cryptosporidum and Gardza, viruses and algae.
Summary of the 1lvelltion
I:n its broadest aspect, the invention provides a fluid treatment device in whicl1 a noble metal matrix is combined with active ceramics to give a disinfecting effect. Preferably, the noble metal matrix conpises a mixture of copper and silver. More preferably, the noble metal matrix contains no snore than approximately 10% silver. Most preferably, the noble natal matrix contains of the order of l t!/0 silver.
:: :e : :s:: t: I t Preferably also, in any device embodying the invention, the noble metal matrix is in the foml of a wire mesh which contains tile ceramics.
Most preferably also, a device according to any of the previous descriptions comprises a noble metal having a covering, said covering characterized by (i) slot being comprised of a noble metal and (ii) the provision of one or more perforations allowing fluid communication between said noble metal and a surrounding fluid.
According to ally embodiment of the invention, the noble metal matrix and active ceramics are preferably arranged so that the fluid is brought into contact with said noble metal matrix before contacting the said active ceramics. In such instances, continuing experimentation and research indicates that the flow/connection of' fluid between these two components may also he an important practical factor.
By 'noble metal matrix' we mean any appropriate combination which would, when put into practice, give a measurable disinfecting effect on the fluid flow being treated.
Tllus the so-called 'noble' metal could for example be zinc which is lolown to fulfil the requirement just stated.
The noble metal could be a solid metal wire, or a surface coating carried by either a non-noble metal or a non-tnetallic cattier (such as a polymer) . Both these are known In themselves. What has not previously been disclosed, however, is the concept of the noble metal fonnilg the core (net the Her portion) of' a mixed-component wire if' suitable provision ('eg. perforation) is made for the noble metal to be exposed to, arid to react with, the fluid flow being treated. Such a presetatiol of the noble metal matrix can improve filter life without long term loss of effectiveness. c #
1 e v I .e . #
Brief Description of the Drawings
The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings In which: Figure I shows a schematic diagram of a water purification cartridge containing a noble metal matrix and a bed of active ceramic beads.
Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of an experimental system for testing and demonstrating the efficacy of the disclosed method and apparatus.
Figure 3 is a graph showing tile effect of water on the viability of two test organisms.
Figure 4 shows tile effect of water, treated for nine days according to the present invention, on the viability of two test organisms.
Figure 5 shows the effect of water, treated for twenty days according to the present invention, on the viability of two test organisms.
Figure 6 shows a cross-section of a composite comprising a noble metal and a perforated encasing material.
Figure 7 shows a perspective view of a composite comprising a noble metal and a perforated encasing, immaterial.
l:)escription of Preferred Embodllllellt In order to demonstrate the efficacy of tile current invention, a fluid treatment cartridge was constructed. '['his is illustrated in Figure], in Which there is a cartridge housing 1 provided with an Inlet pol16 and an outlet port 7. Within talc cartridge there are two support plates 2 and 5. Between the support plates 2 and 5 there Is a bung 4 of noble metal matrix which supports a bed of active : : . . : : 7: : : . 8 . . ceramic beads 3. The positional relationship, and containment of these two components is stir] uldergonlg r esearch, but initial results indicate that presence of both components in the right quantities/weights and the ability for the fluid to move freely between both components either though forced or conductive novenent are important practical factors.
In the enbodimert to be described below, the cartridge housing I was constructed of a plastics material. T he cartridge housing 1 took the forth of a plastics tube of length 2()cn with an internal diameter of 5. 4cn. The noble Dletal bung 4 also had a diameter of 5.4cn1 and a weight of 15hg. In this enbodinent the active ceramic bead bed 3 had a depth of 4cm and a weight of l OOg.
Flthe noble metal nlatix consisted of a wire mesh comprising 99.1% (w/w) copper and 0.9 /0 (w/w) silver.
The active ceramic leads had the following composition: % molecular wt Si 86.03 Al 22.54 Ma 1.59 K 6.83 Fe 1.37 Tl 0.53 Ca 1.27 To denolstrate the efficacy of the cartridge, a test system was constructed as depicted in the schematic diagram of Figure 2 in Chicle was provided a tank 21 of capacity 172 litres. 50 litres of water 22 were added lo the tank. Pipe world 23 rc-circulated the water 22 by meals of a peristaltic pump 24 tl-ough the cartridge 25 described above. After passing through the cartridge 25 the water was returned to the tank 21. in Ifs enbodinent, flee tank 21 was constructed of tom thick glass, and was provided with a lid made of erspex. The water e c I 22 was agitated by Pearls of ten 25mm long magnetic followers spaced at equal intervals along the centre of the base of the tank. The pH of tile water 22 was measured by rise of a pH meter 26 and was controlled by the addition of a phosphate buffer.
To demonstrate the bacteriocidal action of the system water was circulated around the system at a flow rate of 25 litres per flour. The water temperature was held at 28 C and the pH at 7.. Samples were taken frown the tank at iltevals and divided into lS x 1 00ml aliquots placed illtO sterile plastic pots and maintained at 28"C in a water bath. Two genera of bacteria were used in the experiment described below: Pcoli (ARCH 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). I m] of the bacteria suspension were added to each pot which was then resumed to the water bath. At intervals of 1 5 10 20 and 30 minutes a pot frown each test series was removed from the water bath and either EDTA (ethylenediaminetetracetic acid) or sodium thioglycollate were added to sequester ally metal ions in the solution to prevent any further reaction. The remaining viable bacteria of each species were then enumerated.
To provide a time zero control three x 1 00nl aliquots of one quarter strength Ringer s SO]UtiO'I were prepared and lml of bacteria were added to each aliquot. Quenching agents (EDTA and thioglyco]late as above) were also added to these pots. file table below give details of the results obtained at Day 0 Day 9 and Day 20.
Day O (O hours) At B C exposure tune (mild (ciu/ml) (cAu/rrl/) (cpu/ml) (ciu/rrl) 0 3.48E+06 4.82E-06 5 55E+06 6.12E+06 1 4.58E1-06 4.37E1-06 3.57E-06 6.95E1-06 3.97E t-06 4.52Ei-()6 3.75E-FO6 5.82E1-06 3.38E-06 4 25E+()6 2.52E1-06 5 13E1-06 3 95E 06 3.75E t06 3.80E+06 5.72E+06 4.37E1-06 3.96E106 5.05E106 510E+06 log removal ( log NtlNo) 0.01 -0.08 -0.04 -0.08 :: :: .:: 9: I: : . . c Day 9 (215 hours) Exposure tweeze (rIZllZ) 0 3.47E+06 4.28E+06 8 45E+06 5.05E+OS 1 1.82E+06 3 OSE+06 8.07E-tO6 3.506+05 4.80E+05 1.73+06 7.83E+06 3.15E+OS 1.65E+05 8.43E+05 7.52E+06 3.40E+OS 2.30E+04 2.97E+OS 7.47E+()6 1.87E+OS S.95E+03 8.93E4-04 6.92E+06 2.95E4- OS log r emoval ( log Nt/NO) -2.77 -1.68 -0.09 -0.23 Day 20 Exposure time (nZz/z) 5.52E-- OS 8.52E-OS 1.53E+06 8 SOE+06 0 2 42E+OS 2.00Et06 1.43E+06 1.02E+07 1 I.51E+05 3.58E405 1.40E+06 6.21E+06 5.77E+04 1.52E+05 3.05E+06 9.03E4-06 1 58E+04 6.07E1-04 3.47Et06 8.65E+06 2() 3.25E+03 2 88Ed-04 2.78E+06 8.27E+06 -2.23 -1.47 0.26 -0.01 log removal ( log Nt/NO) tA = E. coil EDTA quenched B = E CO/I sodium thloglycollate quench C= Staph. aureus EDNA quench D - Staph aureus sodium thloglycollate quench Cal= colony forming units The data obtained from water before treatment tl-ough the cartridge is shown In Figure 3. It can be seen that water from the re-circulation system prior to treatment through the cartridge embodying tile invention has effectively no bacteriocidal activity either against E.coli or against Staph. aureus.
By contrast Figure 4 shows the bacteiocidal effect of water recycled through the cartridge of the present invention for a period of nine days. The water has considerable bacteriocidal effect against E coli. After 30 minutes exposure a log reduction hi viable organisms of between 1.5 and 3 is seen equivalent to the destruction of between 99% and 99.9% of the viable organisms. It can be noted in Figure 4 that the curves depicting the viable numbers of Scold have also not reached a plateau and so further eradication of the organisms would be expected.
: ' 1', ' ::e c:e I: : Figure 5 shows the bacteriocidal effect of water, recycled through the cartridge of the present invention for a period of 20 days. As before, the water has considerable bacteriocidal effects against E. coli. The rate and extent of destruction of this orgamsn1 follows a similar pattern to that shown in Figure 4.
The table above, and also Figures 4 and 5 shows that the water has little or no effect on staph. aureus.
A further enbodinent of the noble metal matrix is illustrated in Figures 6 and 7. Fi gure 6 depicts a cross-section of a composite comprising an Inner core 30 of noble metal encased in a second material 31. This second material may optionally be non-metallic such as a plastics material or a non-noble metal.
Fluid communication paths 32 are provided to allow the fluid to be treated to access a portion of the surface of the noble natal core 30. Figure 7 depicts a perspective view of such a composite material in which the fluid communication paths 32 are provided as a series of perforations in the outer encasing material. Such an arrangement of the noble metal matrix can improve filter life without long term loss of effectiveness.
Claims (8)
1. A fluid treatment device in which a noble metal matrix is combined with active eeranies to give a disinfecting effect.
2. A device according to Claim 1 wherein tile noble metal matrix comprises a mixture of copper and silver.
3. A device according to Claim 2 wherein the noble metal natix contains no more than approximately 10% silver.
4. A device according to Claim 2 wherein the noble metal matrix contains of the order of 1% silver.
5. A devotee according to any previous claim wherein the noble metal matrix Is in the forth of a wire mesh whicl1 contains the ceramics.
6. A device according to any previous claims wherein the noble metal has a covering, said covering characterized by (i) not being comprised of a noble metal and (ii) the provision of one or snore perforations allowing fluid eomn1unieation between said noble metal and a surrounding fluid.
7. A device aeeordng to any previous elain1 wherein tile noble metal matrix and active ceramics are arranged so float fluid is brought into contact with said noble metal matrix before contacting the said active ceramics.
8. A fluid treatment device substantially as described herein, with reference to any appropriate combination of the drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0407805A GB2413320A (en) | 2004-04-06 | 2004-04-06 | Fluid purification device comprising a noble metal matrix in combination with active ceramics |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0407805A GB2413320A (en) | 2004-04-06 | 2004-04-06 | Fluid purification device comprising a noble metal matrix in combination with active ceramics |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0407805D0 GB0407805D0 (en) | 2004-05-12 |
| GB2413320A true GB2413320A (en) | 2005-10-26 |
Family
ID=32320444
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0407805A Withdrawn GB2413320A (en) | 2004-04-06 | 2004-04-06 | Fluid purification device comprising a noble metal matrix in combination with active ceramics |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2413320A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008152120A3 (en) * | 2007-06-12 | 2009-04-09 | Detlef Militz | Use of a three-dimensional yarn system |
| ES2394566A1 (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2013-02-01 | Asociación De Investigación De La Industria Textil | Water treatment system for the elimination of legionella in water transfer equipment in air current and procedure of operation of such treatment system (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| EP2594532A1 (en) * | 2011-11-21 | 2013-05-22 | Martin Bergmann Umwelttechnik | Method and arrangement for hygienisation of water in a swimming pool system or swimming or bathing area |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01162563A (en) * | 1987-12-17 | 1989-06-27 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Sprue part filter for light alloy casting |
| JPH06335687A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1994-12-06 | Suzuki Seisakusho:Yugen | Water purifying method and water purifier using the method |
| EP0870862A2 (en) * | 1997-04-05 | 1998-10-14 | Daikyo Co., Ltd. | Auxiliary device for activating cleaning water |
| JPH115082A (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 1999-01-12 | Technos Kk | Active water apparatus |
| GB2395945A (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2004-06-09 | Graham Colin Brebner | Water disinfection knitted matrix with active ceramics and a descaling device |
| GB2395944A (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2004-06-09 | Graham Colin Brebner | Water disinfection knitted matrix with active ceramics |
-
2004
- 2004-04-06 GB GB0407805A patent/GB2413320A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01162563A (en) * | 1987-12-17 | 1989-06-27 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Sprue part filter for light alloy casting |
| JPH06335687A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1994-12-06 | Suzuki Seisakusho:Yugen | Water purifying method and water purifier using the method |
| EP0870862A2 (en) * | 1997-04-05 | 1998-10-14 | Daikyo Co., Ltd. | Auxiliary device for activating cleaning water |
| JPH115082A (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 1999-01-12 | Technos Kk | Active water apparatus |
| GB2395944A (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2004-06-09 | Graham Colin Brebner | Water disinfection knitted matrix with active ceramics |
| GB2395945A (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2004-06-09 | Graham Colin Brebner | Water disinfection knitted matrix with active ceramics and a descaling device |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| EPODOC abstract of KR 009513318 B1 (HONG) 02.11.1995 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008152120A3 (en) * | 2007-06-12 | 2009-04-09 | Detlef Militz | Use of a three-dimensional yarn system |
| ES2394566A1 (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2013-02-01 | Asociación De Investigación De La Industria Textil | Water treatment system for the elimination of legionella in water transfer equipment in air current and procedure of operation of such treatment system (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| EP2594532A1 (en) * | 2011-11-21 | 2013-05-22 | Martin Bergmann Umwelttechnik | Method and arrangement for hygienisation of water in a swimming pool system or swimming or bathing area |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0407805D0 (en) | 2004-05-12 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |