GB2267505A - Shampoo containing glucose ester - Google Patents

Abstract

There is disclosed a single phase 2-in-1 shampoo for cleaning and conditioning hair which comprises an aqueous solution of hair cleansing agents including an anionic surfactant and an effective amount of methyl glucose sesquialkylate dissolved in the aqueous solution.

Description

DESCRIPTION SHAMPOO The field of this invention is shampoo compositions which are formulated to provide both cleansing and conditioning of the hair. Such shampoo compositions have been called conditioning shampoos, or, more recently, 2 in 1 shampoos.

In recent years extensive research and development in the cosmetic industry has been directed to formulation of shampoos containing conditioning agents. Anionic surfactants, such as sodium alkyl sulfate, provide a highly effective cleansing action for the hair. Many commercial shampoos are therefore formulated as concentrated aqueous solutions of an anionic surfactant. However, the two most common kinds of hair conditioning agents, silicone oils and fatty quaternary ammonium compounds, are difficult to formulate in anionic surfactant-based shampoos.

The state of the art with respect to 2 in 1 conditioning-type shampoos is represented by shampoos which contain an anionic surfactant, a compatible cationic conditioning agent, and a water-insoluble silicone polymer. Such shampoos are necessarily two phase emulsions, the silicone oil being a dispersed phase with an external water phase containing the dissolved surfactant, and usually, also, the cationic conditioning agent. U.S. patents disclosing two-phase emulsion shampoos include the following: 3,964,500, 4,704,272, 5,034,218 and 5,078,990.

Water insoluble silicone polymers when used as hair conditioning agents in shampoos or after-shampoo conditioners tend to build up on the hair and the hair may thereby become sticky or gummy resulting in a dirty hair feel and tending to induce resoiling of the hair.

Nevertheless, most commercially successful 2 in 1 shampoos continue to include a water-insoluble silicone polymer as a principal conditioning agent. Heretofore, as far as it is known, an effective 2 in 1 shampoo has not been provided in the form of a single phase aqueous solution.

The present invention provides a single phase 2 in 1 shampoo for cleaning and conditioning hair. The shampoo comprises an aqueous solution of hair cleansing agents including an anionic surfactant, and is characterized by having dissolved in the aqueous cleansing solution an effective hair conditioning amount of a methyl glucose sesquialkylate. Methyl glucose sesquialkylates, such as the sesquistearate are commercially available compounds which have been sold and used as non-ionic emulsifiers. They are polyethylene glycol ethers of mono and di esters of methyl glucose and a long chain (C12-18) fatty acid, such as stearic or lauric acids. Typically they contain an average of about 20 moles of ethylene oxide.The International Cosmetic Dictionary (CTFA) refers to this class of compounds by general designations such as PEG-20 methyl glucose sesquistearate and PEG-20 methyl glucose sesquilaurate. Prior to the invention of the shampoo of this application, these compounds were not known to have been incorporated in shampoos. Furthermore, as far as it is known, the hair conditioning properties of such compounds had not been recognized.

In connection with the development of this invention, it was discovered that the conditioning action of the methyl glucose sesquialkylate can be promoted by including a quaternary ammonium hair conditioning agent which is compatible with the anionic surfactant. A preferred type of cationic conditioner comprises the quaternary ammonium salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose.

Methyl glucose sesquialkylates, such as the sesquistearate, can provide excellent rinse, detangling and conditioning properties, especially when used in conjunction with a cationic hair conditioning agent, and especially the preferred quaternary ammonium salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose. This combination of ingredients provides excellent slip and lubricity to the hair, giving a silicone-like performance (without the use of silicone). Moreover, this is accomplished with a single phase aqueous system.

Additional benefits of the shampoo formulation of this invention are believed to be obtained. For example, continued use of the shampoo can, in effect, "levelize" the degree and quality of hair conditioning. More specifically, if a post-shampoo hair conditioner is also used, the repeated use of the shampoo of this invention can extend the duration of the benefits of the post-shampoo conditioner. Thus, "swings" in the level and quality of hair conditioning between conditioning treatments can be minimal. This compares with washing the hair with common shampoos which decreases the conditioning to an imperceptible level. With the shampoo compositions of this invention, a no-conditioning point is avoided, and a significant level of conditioning is maintained. This is achieved whether or not a separate post-shampoo conditioning treatment is applied.

In addition to providing conditioning and detangling of the hair, the shampoo of this invention avoids the undesirable effect of very strong anionic detergent systems, i.e., stripping cationic conditioning ingredients from the hair. The shampoo of this invention can effectively remove normal dirt and soil from the hair without stripping cationic-bonded conditioners.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION The shampoo base is an aqueous solution of an anionic surfactant, such as e.g. long chain alkyl sulfates alkyl ether sulfates, or ethoxylated alkyl sulfates.

C12-18 alkyl sulfates or alkyl ether sulfates are preferred. Such sulfate surfactants conventionally are used as their sodium salts. Preferred surfactants are sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium lauryl ether sulfate.

All other principal ingredients are water-soluble and are dissolved in the aqueous surfactant base. It is desired to provide the shampoo in the form of a clear solution. However, to provide a more attractive appearance, a colorant may be added such as a yellow color.

For obtaining the conditioning action, a key ingredient is a polyethylene glycol methyl glucose sesquialkylate. Typically, the PEG chain contains an average of 20 moles of ethylene oxide. The alkyl group, preferably contains from 12 to 18 carbons, being derived from fatty acids such as stearic or lauric acids. The PEG methyl glucose sesquialkylates comprise polyethylene ethers of mono- and di- esters of methyl glucose and a long chain fatty acid. PEG-20 methyl glucose sesquistearate is preferred, but other long chain alkylates can be used, such as, for example, PEG-20 methyl glucose sesquilaurate. The sesquialkylate polymer is incorporated in the shampoo by being dissolved in an aqueous surfactant base. An effective hair conditioning amount should be used, such as at least an amount of 1% and up to 10% by weight of the shampoo.Preferred amounts are from about 1 to 5 weight percent of the shampoo.

The conditioning action of the sesquialkylate can be promoted, apparently synergistically, by incorporating a water-soluble quaternary ammonium hair conditioning agent which is compatible with the anionic surfactant. Such conditioning agents contain at least one alkyl group and may contain two or three long chain (C12-18) alkyl groups. (See, U.S. patents 4,704,272, 5,034,218 and 5,078,990.) As the length and number of the alkyl chains are increased, however, water insoluble quaternaries may result. Only water-soluble fatty quaternaries should be used.

A preferred class of water-soluble quaternary ammonium conditioning agents are the quaternary ammonium salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose. The CTFA name for these compounds is Polyquaternium-lo which is defined as a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with a trimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide.

The primary surfactant is preferred blended with milder surfactants, such as disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, which is a mild cleansing and foaming agent.

Lauramidopropyl dimethyl amine propionate can alternatively or additionally be included. It is also a mild cleansing and foaming agent. These auxiliary cleansing agents are particularly desirable for promoting cleaning of the hair without undue stripping of conditioning agents.

Other conditioning agents may be included.

For example, lauryl methylgluceth-10 hydroxydimonium chloride may be included as an auxiliary conditioning agent.

Various minor ingredients may also be included, such as colorants, preservatives, fragrances, and pH adjusting agents. The fragrance may require use of a fragrance solubilizer. The total amount of these ingredients is very small, usually less than 2% of the total shampoo formulation.

To better illustrate the shampoo of this invention, general and preferred formulas are shown below.

General Formula Ingredients Parts by Weight Water 60-80 PEG-20 methyl glucose sesquialkylate 1-10 Anionic surfactant 5-20 Compatible cationic conditioning agent 0.1-1.0 Preferred Formula Ingredients Parts bv Weight Water 60-80 PEG-20 methyl glucose sesquisterate 1-10 Alkyl or alkyl ether sulfate surfactant (Na salt) 5-20 Polyquaternium 10 0.1-1.0 Commercial formulations will contain additional ingredients. A illustrative shampoo formulation for commercial use is set out below.

Complete Formula Formula Active Ingredients Weight Weight (1) Water 38.797 73.220(a) (2) Methyl glucose sesquistearate(b) 3.000 3.000 (3) Sodium lauryl sulfate(c) 35.00 10.240 (4) Quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxy ethyl cellulose (d) 0.500 0.500 (5) Disodium laureth sulfosuccinate(e) 7.00 2.240 (6) Lauramidopropyldi methylamine propionate(f) 7.00 2.100 (7) Lauramide DEA(g) 4.000 4.000 (8) Lauryl methylgluceth-10 hydroxydimonium chloride(h) 3.00 3.00 (9) Minor ingredients(i) 1-2 1-2 (a) Total water including water added with other ingredients such as 3, 5 and 6.

(b)Amerchol Glucomate SSE 20.

(c)Added as aqueous solution.

(d)Amerchol U Care Polymer LR30M (Polyquaterium-lo).

(e)McIntyre-Mackanate EL.

(f)McIntyre-Mackalene LAP.

(g)McIntyre-Mackamide LLE.

(h)Amerchol Gluquat 100 (optional ingredient).

(i)Includes colorants, preservatives, fragrances with fragrance solubilizer, and pH adjusting agent.

The foregoing ingredients are preferably free of inorganic salts such as sodium choloride. Since all ingredients are water soluble, no special procedures are required for preparing the shampoo. For example, a tank, equipped with heating and mixing capabilities, is first charged with ingredient #1, water. Ingredient #4, quaternium ammonium salt of hydroxyethyl cellulose, is then slowly added to the water with rapid agitation (at ambient temperature). When Ingredient #4 has been completely dissolved, the batch is heated to 63"C. The remaining ingredients are then added while maintaining moderate agitation. A preferred order of addition for all ingredients is the following: #1. Water #4. Quaternium Ammonium Salt of Hydroxyethyl Cellulose #6. Lauramidopropyldimethyl Amine Propionate #5. Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate #3. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate #7. Lauramide DEA #2. Methyl Glucose Sesquistearate Last. Optional and Minor Ingredients The resulting shampoo is in the form of a clear single phase solution. It is used by application to wet hair, massaging the shampoo into the hair until it foams and distributes throughout the hair, thereafter the hair is water-rinsed.

Claims (9)

1. A single phase 2-in-1 shampoo for cleaning and conditioning hair, comprising an aqueous solution of hair cleansing agents including an anionic surfactant, said aqueous cleansing solution having dissolved therein an effective hair conditioning amount of a polyethylene glucol methyl glucose sesquialkylate.

2. A shampoo as claimed in claim 1, in which there is also dissolved in said aqueous solution an effective conditioning amount of a quaternary ammonium hair conditioning agent which is compatible with the anionic surfactant.

3. A shampoo as claimed in claim 1 or 2, in which there is also dissolved in said aqueous cleansing solution from 0.1 to 1.0 percent by weight of a quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethyl cellulose.

4. A shampoo as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, in which said aqueous cleansing solution contains from 1 to 5 percent by weight of said sesquialkylate.

5. A single phase 2-in-1 shampoo for cleaning and conditioning hair, comprising an aqueous solution of a plurality of hair cleaning agents including as a primary surfactant a long chain alkyl or alkyl ether sulfate surfactant, said surfactant being present in said shampoo in an amount of 5 to 20 weight percent, said shampoo also containing from 0.1 to 1.0 weight percent of a quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethyl cellulose together with 1 to 5 weight percent of polyethylene glucol methyl glucose sesquistearate.

6. A shampoo as claimed in claim 5, in which said cleansing solution also contains lauramidopropyl dimethylamine propionate or disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, or a mixture thereof.

7. A shampoo as claimed in claim 5 or 6, in which said primary surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate.

8. A shampoo substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the foregoing general, preferred and complete formulae.

9. A single phase 2-in-1 shampoo for cleaning and conditioning hair, comprising an aqueous solution of hair cleansing agents including an anionic surfactant, said aqueous cleansing solution having dissolved therein an effective hair conditioning amount of a methyl glucose sesquialkylate.