GB2114114A - Beta-alumina electrolyte material - Google Patents
Beta-alumina electrolyte material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2114114A GB2114114A GB08202028A GB8202028A GB2114114A GB 2114114 A GB2114114 A GB 2114114A GB 08202028 A GB08202028 A GB 08202028A GB 8202028 A GB8202028 A GB 8202028A GB 2114114 A GB2114114 A GB 2114114A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- sodium
- alumina
- beta
- layer
- green shape
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229910000873 Beta-alumina solid electrolyte Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 title description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[S] Chemical compound [Na].[S] BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000779 depleting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000462 isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002043 β-alumina solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010067484 Adverse reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006838 adverse reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
- H01M10/3909—Sodium-sulfur cells
- H01M10/3918—Sodium-sulfur cells characterised by the electrolyte
- H01M10/3927—Several layers of electrolyte or coatings containing electrolyte
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
- C04B35/113—Fine ceramics based on beta-aluminium oxide
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
A beta alumna electrolyte element formed by sintering a green shape of finely powdered beta alumina or a mixed precursor material of the required composition, is, before sintering, coated over at least part of its surface with magnesium oxide and/or lithium oxide. The green shape may be calcined before or after coating. The coating forms a magnesium and/or lithium alumina spinel layer on the surface of the substrate by depleting the alumina content of the underlying surface layer whereby this underlying surface layer has a higher sodium oxide content than the main body of the substrate.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Solid electrolyte material
This invention relates to beta alumina solid electrolyte material.
Beta alumina solid electrolyte material is used in electrochemical cells such as sodium sulphur cells and other energy conversion devices employing liquid sodium. The thermochemical analysis carried out by N. Choudhury has suggested the need to attain thermodynamic equilibrium between the electrolyte and the electrodes in order to avoid adverse reactions resulting in deterioration of the electrolyte. To achieve such equilibrium, in a sodium sulphur cell, the electrolyte on the sodium side has to have a high sodium oxide activity or content. On the sulphur side, a low sodium oxide activity or content is required.
The present invention is directed to beta alumina electrolyte elements and their manufacture and is directed more particularly to the provision of a surface layer on a beta alumina element, the surface layer having a high sodium oxide content or activity (compared with the substrate). As will be apparent from the following description however the invention furthermore provides a technique enabling such a surface layer to be formed as an intermediate layer between the substrate and an outer porous layer, which is advantageous for certain purposes.
According to one aspect of the present invention a method of making a beta alumina electrolyte element comprises the steps of forming a green shape of finely powdered beta alumina or of a mixed precursor material of the required composition to form a green shape, coating at least part of the surface of the green shape with magnesium oxide or lithium oxide or a mixture of magnesium oxide and lithium oxide, and then sintering the coated green shape.
It is well-known that a solid beta alumina element may be formed by sintering a compact of powdered beta alumina or a mixture of the required oxides or other precursor material in the required proportions. It is often the practice to calcine the compact after the green shape is formed but before sintering to convert the mixed material into beta alumina or to remove volatile materials, e.g. to decompose carbonates.
The coating of the green shape may be effected before or after calcining, if the material is calcined before sintering.
The magnesium oxide or lithium oxide or mixed magnesium and lithium oxide coating, on sintering, causing a magnesium or lithium alumina spinel layer to form over the surface of the substrate.
The effect of this is to deplete the alumina content of the immediately underlying surface layer of the substrate and, as a result, this underlying surface layer forms a beta alumina with a higher sodium oxide content than the main body of the substrate. In magnesium doped beta aluminas, it is generally accepted that a high percentage of beta" alumina (the "three block" variant of beta alumina) is associated with a ceramic having a high soda content and a high magnesium dopant level, typically near the 4% by weight magnesium oxide, 9% by weight sodium oxide composition, the balance being aluminium oxide. Reference may be made to Production of#-Al2O3 Electrolyte by I. Wynn Jones and L. J. Miles in
Proc. British Ceramic Society, No. 19 March 1971, pages 161-1 78 for a further explanation of the structure of the material.In lithium doped beta" aluminas, the soda level required for high beta" contents is similar but the LiO2 content required is only about 0.7% by weight. Generally speaking, minimum bulk resistivity is obtained when the phase composition is close to 100% of the beta" variant of beta alumina but materials of this composition have greater susceptibility to mechanical degradation than materials of or containing a substantial proportion of the "twoblock beta alumina variant. In this specification, the term beta alumina is used generically to include materials of the two-block or of the threeblock variants or containing both variants.
In forming a beta alumina, the material of the green shape may typically have a composition of between 5 and 10% by weight Na2O, up to 4% by weight MgO and/or Li2O, the balance being Awl203.
In the manufacture of solid electrolyte elements for electrochemical cells such as sodium sulphur cells the composition has to be chosen to meet a number of different requirements and it is the common practice to use somewhat lower magnesium and soda contents than the 4% magnesia, 9% sodium mentioned above (referred to as a 4/9 material). Typically the weight percentage of magnesia and of sodium oxide might be about 2% magnesia, 8% sodium oxide (referred to as a 2/8 material). Using such a 2/8 material and coating the green shape with magnesia before sintering as described above, it has been found possible to obtain a spinel coated beta alumina in which a surface layer of the order of 50-60 microns thickness had a beta" content in excess of 90% compared with the 45~50% beta" found in a normal sintered 2/8 material.It will be seen therefore that this technique enables a higher soda content to be obtained near one surface of a beta alumina substrate by coating that surface on the green shape with magnesia or lithia or mixed magnesia and lithia and then sintering. In particular, if the substrate is of beta alumina with less than 100% beta" alumina, this technique enables the proportion of beta" alumina in a surface layer to be increased.
If the outer spinel layer, which is porous, is not required it can be removed. Many techniques are possible for this. For tubular electrolyte material in which the spinel layer is on the outside of the tube, conveniently such a spinel layer could be removed by rumbling. For many applications of beta alumina, for example in a sodium sulphur cell, however, it may be preferred to have such a porous layer over the surface. It is a well-known practice in sodium sulphur cells to provide capillary means or a wicking media to cause the sodium to cover the surface of the electrolyte material in a thin layer, the sodium being drawn up from a sodium reservoir. The porous spinel layer provides such a wicking media over the surface of the electrolyte.
The material produced in the above way has been found to have another significant advantage.
The coated electrolyte is inhomogeneous and has large beta grains aligned perpendicularly to the surface. These grains therefore have their conduction planes aligned perpendicular to the surface so giving a higher than normal conductivity in this direction. It will be appreciated that, in electrochemical cells, a high ionic conductivity through the material is required.
The magnesia or lithia or the magnesia/lithia mixture may conveniently be applied by spraying or painting a slurry on the substrate, the slurry being formed using a readily evaporable carrier, for example an alcohol such as propanol. Using such a carrier, the body can be left to dry in air at room temperature for a few minutes before carrying out the sintering operation.
If the green shape is formed from mixed oxide materials or precursors, it is preferably prefired, that is to say calcined, to remove volatiles before the magnesium oxide or lithium oxide or magnesium oxide/lithium oxide is applied to the surface.
The sintering operation after applying the magnesium oxide or lithium oxide or mixed magnesium oxide/lithium oxide, may be carried out in the known way and may be a slow sintering operation in a closed furnace or may be a rapid sintering operation using a pass-through furnace as described for example in Specification No.
1297373 or Specification No. 1375167 or
Specification No. 1458221.
As has previously been explained, the abovedescribed treatment enables one surface of a beta alumina electrolyte element to be made with a surface layer higher in sodium oxide content or activity compared with the substrate. It may be desired that the opposite surface should be formed with a layer depleted in soda. This may be achieved by a heat treatment in air after the element has been sintered. For this purpose the element may be subjected to a heat treatment in air with the surface having the enhanced soda layer buffered, for example with beta alumina chips of the same composition as the substrate, whilst leaving the other surface open to the atmosphere.
The invention furthermore includes within its scope a beta alumina electrolyte element made by the above-described method.
Considered from another aspect, the invention includes a beta alumina electrolyte element of magnesium-doped beta alumina having on one surface a porous coating formed of a magnesia alumina spinel or a lithium alumina spinel or a magnesia and lithia alumina spinel with an intermediate layer of alumina depleted beta alumina underneath the spinel.
The invention still further includes within its scope a sodium sulphur cell having an electrolyte element as described above separating liquid sodium constituting an anodic reactant from sulphur/sodium polysulphides constituting a cathodic reactant The electrolyte element finds particular application in a sodium sulphur cell in which the sodium lies in a capillary region between the electrolyte and a current collector or housing with the spinel layer forming a wicking means for drawing sodium from a sodium reservoir gmucover a surface of the electrolyte element.
The following is a description of one example of the production of a solid electrolyte tube for use in a sodium sulphur cell, reference being made to the accompanying drawing which is a transverse section through a cell.
In this example a green shape for sintering to form a beta alumina electrolyte tube was made of mixed powdered materials to produce a beta alumina having a composition of approximately 8% by weight Na2O, 2% by weight MgO, the balance Awl203. The starting materials were sodium aluminate, magnesium oxide and finely ground high activity alumina. The materials were mixed in the correct proportions to give the required final composition as powders which were dry milled together. The powder was then formed into the required tubular green shape by isostatic pressing using a polyurethane pressure tube and an isostatic pressing pressure of typically 40,000 p.s.i. This green shape was prefired at a calcining temperature, typically 7000 C, for a period of 5 hours.
In this particular embodiment, the tube was for use in a sodium sulphur cell of the central sulphur type that is to say having the sulphur/sodium polysulphides inside the tube and the sodium outside the electrolyte tube. It was required therefore, in carrying out the present invention, to increase the sodium content on the outer surface of the green shape. The outer surface was therefore sprayed with a magnesia slurry prepared by wet milling "Analar" magnesia in propanol with approximately 200 gms of solid magnesia per litre propanol, the wet milling continuing for 24 hours. The coating could alternatively be applied to the tube with a soft brush. After the coating had dried, in approximately 1 minute, the green body was ready for sintering. In this particular case the tube was zone sintered in a sloping zone sintering furnace as described in Specifications Nos.
1458221 and 1458222 with peak temperature of 1 7000C. The tube was then annealed in a conventional kiln at 1 3000 for a period of 10 hours.
The above-described process left the tube with an outer porous spinel layer of about 5 microns thickness on the densely sintered beta alumina substrate. In the substrate, the surface of about 50 or 60 microns had a beta" content in excess of 90% compared with the 45~50% of beta" alumina in the bulk of the substrate.
Referring to the accompanying drawing which
is a section through a sodium sulphur cell, this
electrolyte tube 10 havingua porous spinel layer
11 on its outer surface with the sodium enriched
layer 12 beneath the spinel was assembled in a
cylindrical housing 13 to form a sodium sulphur
cell. The cell was of the central sulphur type with
sulphur/sodium polysulphides in an annular carbon fibre matrix 14 between the inside surface of the electrolyte tube 10 and a central
axially extending current collector 15. The sodium
was in a narrow annular region 16 between the
housing 13 and the electrolyte tube. The porous
spinel layer 11 formed a wicking medium for
drawing liquid sodium up from a sodium reservoir
located beyond one end of the electrolyte tube
and serves to keep the surface of the layer 12
wetted with sodium. In the known way, the amount of sodium in the annular region 16 may be
reduced by packing this region with a particulate
material, for example zircon sand.
Claims (17)
1. A method of making a beta alumina electrolyte element comprising the steps of forming a green shape of finely powdered beta alumina, or of a mixed precursor material of the required composition, to form a green shape, coating at least part of the surface of the green shape with magnesium oxide or lithium oxide or a mixture of magnesium oxide and lithium oxide, and then sintering the coated green shape.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the green shape is calcined before coating.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the green shape is calcined after coating but before sintering.
4. A method as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the material forming the green shape has a composition of between 5 and 10% by weight sodium oxide, up to 4% by weight of magnesium oxide and/or lithium oxide, the balance being alumina.
5. A method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3 wherein the material forming the green shape has a composition, by weight, of about 2% magnesia, 8% sodium oxide, the balance being alumina.
6. A method as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the composition and the coating are such as to deplete the soda content of a surface layer in the green shape so as to provide, in the sintered body, a surface layer of the order of 50-60 microns thickness with a beta content in excess of 90%.
7. A method as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the outer spinel layer on the sintered element is removed.
8. A method as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the magnesia or lithia or the magnesia/lithia mixture is applied by spraying or painting a slurry on the substrate, the slurry being formed using a readily evaporable carrier.
9. A method as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the coating is applied to one surface of a green shape to make one surface of the beta alumina electrolyte element with a surface layer higher in sodium oxide content or activity compared with the substrate and wherein the opposite surface is formed with a layer depleted in soda by a heat treatment in air after the element has been sintered.
10. A method as claimed in claim 9 wherein said heat treatment in air is effected with the surface having the enhanced soda layer buffered whilst leaving the other surface open to the atmosphere.
11. A method of making a beta alumina electrolyte element substantially as hereinbefore described.
12. A beta alumina electrolyte element made by the method of any of claims 1 to 11.
13. A beta alumina electrolyte element of magnesium-doped beta alumina having on one surface a porous coating formed of a magnesia alumina spinel or a lithia alumina spinel or a magnesia and lithia alumina spinel with an intermediate layer of alumina depleted beta alumina underneath the spinel.
14. A sodium sulphur cell having an electrolyte element as claimed in claim 12 or claim 13 separating liquid sodium constituting an anodic reactant from sulphur/sodium polysulphides constituting a cathodic reactant.
15. A sodium sulphur cell as claimed in claim 13 and having an electrolyte element with a porous spinel layer on one surface and in which sodium lies in a capillary region between the electrolyte and a current collector or housing with the spinel layer forming a wicking means for drawing sodium from a sodium reservoir to cover a surface of the electrolyte element.
16. A beta alumina electrolyte element substantially as hereinbefore described.
17. A sodium sulphur cell substantially as hereinbefore described.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08202028A GB2114114A (en) | 1982-01-25 | 1982-01-25 | Beta-alumina electrolyte material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08202028A GB2114114A (en) | 1982-01-25 | 1982-01-25 | Beta-alumina electrolyte material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2114114A true GB2114114A (en) | 1983-08-17 |
Family
ID=10527852
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08202028A Withdrawn GB2114114A (en) | 1982-01-25 | 1982-01-25 | Beta-alumina electrolyte material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2114114A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2144559A (en) * | 1983-08-05 | 1985-03-06 | Bicc Plc | Optical cables |
| WO1991003080A1 (en) * | 1989-08-16 | 1991-03-07 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh | High-energy secondary battery |
| FR2662306A1 (en) * | 1990-05-16 | 1991-11-22 | Programme 3 Patent Holdings | SOLID ELECTROLYTE SEPARATOR FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL ACCUMULATOR ELEMENT AND PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING SAME. |
| US5763117A (en) * | 1995-06-26 | 1998-06-09 | Electro Chemical Holdings Societe Anonyme | Electrochemical cell |
| US6007943A (en) * | 1997-02-06 | 1999-12-28 | Electro Chemical Holdings Societe Anonyme | High temperature electrochemical cell with molten alkali metal anode |
-
1982
- 1982-01-25 GB GB08202028A patent/GB2114114A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2144559A (en) * | 1983-08-05 | 1985-03-06 | Bicc Plc | Optical cables |
| WO1991003080A1 (en) * | 1989-08-16 | 1991-03-07 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh | High-energy secondary battery |
| FR2662306A1 (en) * | 1990-05-16 | 1991-11-22 | Programme 3 Patent Holdings | SOLID ELECTROLYTE SEPARATOR FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL ACCUMULATOR ELEMENT AND PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING SAME. |
| GB2244850A (en) * | 1990-05-16 | 1991-12-11 | Programme 3 Patent Holdings | Solid electrolyte separator for electrochemical cell |
| US5219682A (en) * | 1990-05-16 | 1993-06-15 | Programme 3 Patent Holdings | Method of making a solid electrolyte separator |
| US5763117A (en) * | 1995-06-26 | 1998-06-09 | Electro Chemical Holdings Societe Anonyme | Electrochemical cell |
| US6007943A (en) * | 1997-02-06 | 1999-12-28 | Electro Chemical Holdings Societe Anonyme | High temperature electrochemical cell with molten alkali metal anode |
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