GB2108164A - Flame retardant composition - Google Patents
Flame retardant composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2108164A GB2108164A GB08229678A GB8229678A GB2108164A GB 2108164 A GB2108164 A GB 2108164A GB 08229678 A GB08229678 A GB 08229678A GB 8229678 A GB8229678 A GB 8229678A GB 2108164 A GB2108164 A GB 2108164A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- ammonium
- composition
- acid
- flame retardant
- composition according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bromide Chemical compound [NH4+].[Br-] SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionamide Chemical compound CCC(N)=O QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940080818 propionamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(CC=2C(=CC=C(C)C=2)O)=C1 XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GEHMBYLTCISYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium sulfamate Chemical compound [NH4+].NS([O-])(=O)=O GEHMBYLTCISYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940107816 ammonium iodide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
- D06M13/402—Amides imides, sulfamic acids
- D06M13/432—Urea, thiourea or derivatives thereof, e.g. biurets; Urea-inclusion compounds; Dicyanamides; Carbodiimides; Guanidines, e.g. dicyandiamides
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/07—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
- D06M11/11—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof with halogen acids or salts thereof
- D06M11/13—Ammonium halides or halides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/51—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof
- D06M11/55—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof with sulfur trioxide; with sulfuric acid or thiosulfuric acid or their salts
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/68—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof
- D06M11/70—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with phosphorus or compounds thereof, e.g. with chlorophosphonic acid or salts thereof with oxides of phosphorus; with hypophosphorous, phosphorous or phosphoric acids or their salts
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
The flame retardant composition for in situ treatment of textiles or textile products comprises in admixtures: (a) an ammonium salt or mixture of ammonium salts having flame retardant properties, (b) a water-soluble amide decomposing at a temperature of 100 DEG C to 200 DEG C to give ammonia, and (c) aqueous acid in a concentration insufficient to cause degradation of a fabric by the composition when applied thereto. n
Description
SPECIFICATION
Flame retardant compositions for textiles
This invention relates to flame retardant compositions for treatment of textiles and textile products in situ, examples of such products being clothing, furnishings and industrial fabrics.
For instance, woven and knitted constructions of cotton, viscose, rayon, synthetics such as polyester, natural/synthetic blends and wool may all be successfully treated by the compositions of this invention.
Flame retardant treatment of textiles using soluble salts, especially ammonium compounds, is well known. The commercial mixtures employed are usually for use on either natural fibres or sythetic fibres, the composition of the mixture varying according to the nature of the fibre. This entails knowledge or judgement of the type of fibre for treatment and selection of an appropriate flame retardant product.
It is an object of this invention to provide an optimum formulation which may meet the requirements for treatment of various fabrics and mixtures already made-up into products where treatment conditions differ from those of bulk processing before make-up of the articles.
According to this invention there is provided a flame retardant composition for in situ treatment of textiles or textile products comprising in admixture:
(a) an ammonium salt or mixture of ammonium salts having flame retardant properties,
(b) a water-soluble amide decomposing at a temperature of 1 00,C to 200"C to give ammonia, and
(c) aqueous acid in a concentration insufficient to cause degradation of a fabric by the composition when applied thereto, the pH of the composition preferably being 3 to 4.5.
The component (b) acts as an anti-scorch agent. When cellulose products, e.g. cotton, are dried at temperature greater than 1 30 C (especially in the pressure of suitable ammonium salts) scorching can occur. This arises from the action of strong acids liberated from ammonium salts at elevated temperatures. The pressure of component (b) which acts as a sink for ammonia at such temperature retards the extent of formation of the strong acids.
The invention provides a composition based upon the said ammonium salt(s), the said watersoluble amide, the said aqueous acid, which composition can be used for natural, regenerated and synthetic fibres and their blends without need to identify fibre type. This is particularly important when offering products for in situ or consumer treatment, when the user may not have the knowledge or expertise to define the nature of the fibre.
With this invention adjustment of the pH of the composition can be made to suit requirements. In commercial processing penetration and adherence to synthetic fibres are achieved by pressure impregnation or drying at above ambient temperature, both of which operations help to locate the retardant salts especially on synthetic fibres. These facilities are not available for in situ treatments where drying at ambient temperatures would normally lead to selective drying and adsorption of the salts on natural components or a natural/synthetic blend or the patchy drying on synthetic fibres, especially when hanging in the form of curtains. It has been found that below a certain pH (but above the pH at which fabric degradation can occur) adsorption of the inhibiting salts upon synthetic fibres is facilitated.
Preferably component (b) comprises area, acetamide or propionamide. Conveniently component (a) comprises at least one ammonium salt chosen from monammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulphate, ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride, ammonium iodide and ammonium sulphamate.
Suitably component (a) may represent 9.5 to 1 5.5 percent by weight of the composition, component (b) may represent 2.0 to 3.0 percent by weight of the composition and the concentration of the acid in the composition may be 1.5 to 2.0 percent by weight.
Usually the acid is a mineral acid, for instance sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid or alternatively it may be an organic acid having a pH of less than 7, e.g. acetic acid.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Preferred specific ingredients and preferred ranges of concentrations are set out as follows:
Monoammonium phosphate 15-30 Kg/1000Kg Solution (A) Diammonium phosphate 15-30 Kg/1000Kg Solution
Ammonium sulphate 15-25 Kg/1000Kg Solution
Ammonium Bromide 50-70 Kg/1000Kg Solution (B) Urea, acetamide or 20-30 Kg/1000Kg Solution
propionamide (C) Acid 15-20 Kg/1000Kg Solution
Advantageously the range of components is:
Monoammonium phosphate 20-25 Kg/1000Kg Solution (A) Diammonium phosphate 20-25 Kg/1000Kg Solution
Ammonium sulphate 18-22 Kg/1000Kg Solution
Ammonium Bromide 55-65 Kg/1000Kg Solution (B) Urea, acetamide or 23-27 Kg/1000Kg Solution
propionamide (C) Acid 18-22 Kg/1000Kg Solution
The invention is illustrated by way of the following examples of preferred compositions illustrative of the invention::
Example 1
A sample of 402/sq,yd. 50/50 cotton polyester was sprayed with a composition illustrative of the invention to give 80-1 00% wet pick up of the solution. After air drying the sample passed the flammability standards before washing of:
BS 3120 when tested by method of BS 3119
NFPA 701 (small scale)
The composition used in this Example was:
Monoammonium phosphate 25 Kg/1000 Kg (A) Diammonium phosphate 25 Kg/1000 Kg
Ammonium sulphate 18 Kg/1000 Kg
Ammonium bromide 55 Kg/1000 Kg (B) Urea 23 Kg/1000 Kg (C) Sulphuric acid 18 Kg/1000 Kg
Balance, water
Example 2
A sample of 802/sq. yd. pile faced fabric (cotton base, synthetic pile) was sprayed with a composition to give 80-100% wet pick up of the solution.After air drying the sample passed the flammability standards before washing of:
BS 3120 when tested by method of BS 3119
NFPA 701 (small scale)
The composition used in this Example was:
Monoammonium phosphate 25 Kg/1000 Kg (A) Diammonium phosphate 25 Kg/1000 Kg
Ammonium sulphate 18 Kg/1000-Kg
Ammonium bromide 55 Kg/1000 Kg (B) Urea 27 Kg/1000 Kg (C) Hydrochloric acid 18 Kg/1000 Kg
Balance, water
Example 3
A sample of 2 to 3 ox/sq. yd. nylon (as per parachute fabric) was sprayed with a composition to give 80 to 100% wet pick up of the solution. After air drying the sample passed the flammability standards before washing of:
BS 3120 when tested by method of BS 3119
NFPA 701 (small scale).
The composition used in this Example was:
Monoammonium phosphate 20 Kg/1000 Kg (A) Diammonium phosphate 20 Kg/1000 Kg
Ammonium sulphate 18 Kg/1000 Kg
Ammonium bromide 65 Kg/1000 Kg (B) Urea 23 Kg/1000 Kg (C) Acetic acid 22 Kg/1000 Kg
Balance, water
The preferred pH value is 3 to 4.5. Without the addition of acid the Ph would be about 6 to 7.
Claims (14)
1. A flame retardant composition for in situ treatment of textiles and textile products comprising in admixture:
(a) at least one ammonium salt having flame retardant properties,
(b) a water-soluble amide which will decompose to give ammonium when heated to a temperature of 1 00 C to 200"C, and
(c) aqueous acid sufficiently diluted for application to a fabric without degrading the fabric.
2. A composition according to Claim 1, wherein component (b) comprises urea.
3. A composition according to Claim 1, wherein component (b) comprises acetamide.
4. A composition according to Claim 1, wherein component (b) comprises propionamide.
5. A composition according to Claim 1, wherein component (a) comprises at least one ammonium salt selected from the group consisting of monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulphate, ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride, ammonium iodide and ammonium sulphamate.
6. A composition according to Claim 1. wherein component (a) represents 9.5 to 15.5 percent by weight of the composition, component (b) represents 2.0 to 3.0 percent by weight of the composition and the concentration of the acid in the composition is 1.5 to 2.0 percent by weight.
7. A composition according to Claim 1, wherein the pH of the composition is 3 to 4.5.
8. A composition according to Claim 1, wherein the acid is a mineral acid.
9. A composition according to Claim 1, wherein the acid is selected from sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid.
1 0. A composition according to Claim 1, wherein the acid is an organic acid whose pH is less than 7.
11. A composition according to Claim 1, wherein the acid is acetic acid.
1 2. A textile or textile product which has been treated by the flame retardant composition claimed in Claim 1.
1 3. A flame retardant composition for in situ treatment of textiles and textile products comprising in admixture:
(a) 9.5 to 1 5.5 percent by weight of a component comprising at least one ammonium salt selected from the group consisting of monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulphate, ammonium bromide, ammonium chloride, ammonium iodide and ammonium sulphamate,
(b) 2.0 to 3.0 percent by weight of urea, and (c) aqueous mineral acid whose concentration is 1.5 to 20 percent by weight.
14. A flame retardant composition according to Claim 1 3 whose pH is 3 to 4.5.
1 5. A textile or textile product which has been treated by the flame retardant composition claimed in Claim 1 3.
1 6. A textile or textile produce which has been treated by the flame retardant composition, the textile or textile produce being selected from the group consisting of cotton, viscose, rayon, synthetics, natural/synthetic blends and wool.
1 7. Novel flame retardant compositions for textiles as described herein.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08229678A GB2108164B (en) | 1981-10-19 | 1982-10-18 | Flame retardant composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8131495 | 1981-10-19 | ||
| GB08229678A GB2108164B (en) | 1981-10-19 | 1982-10-18 | Flame retardant composition |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2108164A true GB2108164A (en) | 1983-05-11 |
| GB2108164B GB2108164B (en) | 1986-02-05 |
Family
ID=26281009
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08229678A Expired GB2108164B (en) | 1981-10-19 | 1982-10-18 | Flame retardant composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2108164B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996000763A1 (en) * | 1994-06-28 | 1996-01-11 | Fireguard Scandinavia A/S | Fire protecting agent |
-
1982
- 1982-10-18 GB GB08229678A patent/GB2108164B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996000763A1 (en) * | 1994-06-28 | 1996-01-11 | Fireguard Scandinavia A/S | Fire protecting agent |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2108164B (en) | 1986-02-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 732 | Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |