GB2193510A - Bleach activators - Google Patents
Bleach activators Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2193510A GB2193510A GB08717461A GB8717461A GB2193510A GB 2193510 A GB2193510 A GB 2193510A GB 08717461 A GB08717461 A GB 08717461A GB 8717461 A GB8717461 A GB 8717461A GB 2193510 A GB2193510 A GB 2193510A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- anhydride
- bleach
- phthalic anhydride
- phthalic
- maleic anhydride
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic anhydride Chemical class O=C1CCC(=O)O1 RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylene blue Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 19
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008485 antagonism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UAOKXEHOENRFMP-ZJIFWQFVSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r)-2,3,4,5-tetraacetyloxy-6-oxohexyl] acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)C=O UAOKXEHOENRFMP-ZJIFWQFVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000001045 blue dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 hydroxyethylcarboxymethyl Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- FRPJTGXMTIIFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraacetylethylenediamine Chemical compound CC(=O)C(N)(C(C)=O)C(N)(C(C)=O)C(C)=O FRPJTGXMTIIFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NOGFHTGYPKWWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethyloxan-4-one Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O1 NOGFHTGYPKWWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSVSPKKXQGNHMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromo-3-methyl-1,2-thiazole Chemical compound CC=1C=C(Br)SN=1 XSVSPKKXQGNHMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- VJHCJDRQFCCTHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal Chemical compound CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O VJHCJDRQFCCTHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000318 alkali metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000316 alkaline earth metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940105329 carboxymethylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001484 edetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaric anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CCCC(=O)O1 VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940071826 hydroxyethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012418 sodium perborate tetrahydrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;3-oxidodioxaborirane;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Na+].[O-]B1OO1 IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium;oxido carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OC([O-])=O MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004685 tetrahydrates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
- C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
- C11D3/3905—Bleach activators or bleach catalysts
- C11D3/3907—Organic compounds
- C11D3/391—Oxygen-containing compounds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
A bleach composition comprises a bleach precursor e.g. a perborate, and a bleach activator which is a mixture of phthalic anhydride and at least one of maleic and succinic anhydrides. The molar ratio of bleach precursor to total anhydride is from 0.75:1 to 20:1 and the molar ratio of phthalic anhydride to maleic and/or succinic anhydride is from 1.5:1 to 20:1. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Bleach activators
This invention relates to bleach compositions comprising bleach activators.
Bleaching systems containing a so-called "bleach activator" are known and are used, for example, in laundry detergent powders. Initially a bleach precursor was used on its own, the precursor being a per-salt, e.g. a perborate, which released hydrogen peroxide at the washing temperature. It was found, however, that hydrogen peroxide was only released in quantity at temperatures of 70"C or above, and when the desire to lower washing temperatures to below 60"C became important, bleach activators were added. The bleach activators were compounds capable of reacting with the hydrogen peroxide to form per-carboxylates which are capable of providing a bleaching action at said lower washing temperatures. The bleach activators currently in common use are tetra-acetyl ethylene diamine (TAED) and penta-acetyl glucose (PAG).
Maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride and phthalic anhydride are also known to act as activators of per-salt bleaches, such as perborate. US patent No. 2,362,401 discloses the use of single solid organic acid anhydrides such as succinic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, benzoic anhydride, maleic anhydride, or glutaric anhydride, in a composition with a solid peroxygen bleach precursor compound such as sodium perborate monohydrate, and a water soluble detergent, the anhydrides being employed as bleach activators. These anhydrides, however, have not commonly been used as bleach activators since the activity of most acid anhydrides as bleach activators has been considered insufficient (see UK Patent 907,358). US Patent 3,338,839 discioses a 1:1 mole ratio mixture of phthalic and succinc anhydride and a 1:1 mole ratio mixture of phthalic and maleic anhydride as bleach activators.US 3,338,839 states in column 6 that "aliphatic dibasic anhydrides, such as maleic anhydride or succinic anhydride are not good activators for the peroxygen bleaching compound. Similarly, mixtures of these aliphatic dibasic anhydrides do not show any substantial improvement over the use of these dibasic anhydrides separately".
We have now found that mixes of greater than equimolar ratios of phthalic anhydride to maleic anhydride or succinic anhydride show a synergistic effect in their activity as activators of bleach precursors compared with the individuai anhydrides.
Thus, according to the present invention, a bleach composition comprises a bleach precursor, and a bleach activator, the bleach activator comprising a mixture of phthalic anhydride and at least one of maleic anhydride and succinic anhydride, the molar ratio of bleach precursor to total anhydride being from 0.75:1 to 20:1, and the molar ratio of phthalic anhydride to maleic anhydride and/or succinic anhydride being from 1.5:1 to 20:1.
Preferably, the molar ratio of bleach precursor to total anhydride is from 1.5:1 to 10:1. The most preferred range is 2:1 to 5:1.
It is also preferred that the molar ratio of phthalic anhydride to maleic anhydride and/or succinic anhydride is from 2:1 to 10:1. The most preferred range is 2:1 to 6:1.
The bleach precursor may be a per-salt e.g. an alkali metal perborate (preferably in mono- or tetra-hydrate form), percarbonate or persilicate. Certain clathrates may also be suitable e.g.
4M2SO4:2H202: 1MC1 (where M is an alkali metal) but these may require a separate source of alkalinity.
The bleach compositions of the present invention may be used on their own or in association with or incorporated into detergent compositions.
The bleach activator when used in association with or incorporated into laundry detergents is desirably in the form of granules coated with a material which prevents deterioration of the activator during storage but which releases the activator in the wash cycle. Examples of suitable coatings are soap, polyethyelene glycol, of molecular weight of at least 2000 mole', hydroxye thyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethylcarboxymethyl cellulose.
When used in a laundry detergent powder the quantity of bleach activator may be from 0.2 to 10% by wt of the powder and the quantity of bleach precursor may be from 5 to 40% wt.
Other components of the powder may be any of those known for use in such powders.
Preliminary experiments have not shown any antagonism between the bleach activators of the present invention and the other components. Such other components may comprise:- Surfactants, which may be anionic, cationic or non-ionic. Normally a mixture of anionic and non-ionic surfactants are used;
Inorganic salts as builders and stabilisers e.g. alkali metal or alkaline earth metal phosphates, zeolites, sulphates, silicates or carbonates;
Soaps;
Chelating agents e.g. ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid or nitrilotriacetic acid, or an organic phosphonate;
Enzymes; Qptical brighteners;
Suds suppressing agents;
Anti-redeposition agents e.g. carboxy methyl cellulose.
The bleach activators may also be used in association with laundry detergent powders rather than actually incorporated with them. Thus they may be absorbed onto a porous substrate (e.g.
a high wet strength paper or fabric) and introduced into a washing machine in this way. Other methods of introducing the activitors separately into a washing machine may also be used e.g.
sachets.
The bleach precursor will normally remain in the powder.
The invention will now be described by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figs. 1 and 2 are representation of a three dimensional graph showing test results obtained with bleach precursor anhydride mole ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 respectively, and to the following experiments in which numbered examples represent examples of the invention while experiments identified as Tests are comparative experiments not according to the invention.
The action of the bleach. activators is illustrated by their oxidation of methylene blue dye in aqueous solution. The dye was present at a level of 5 ppm. The solution also contained sodium hydroxide (8.8x 10-3M) and sodium tetraborate (0.125M) to buffer the system to a pH of 9.5+0.2 at 25"C. Also present were calcium chloride (3 x 10-3M) and magnesium chloride (5 x 10-4M).
At the start of the experiment 200 ml of the above solution was equibrated to the desired test temperature. The absorbance of this solution was measured at 664 nm in a uv/visible spectrophotometer. The bleach precursor and bleach activator mixtue or single bleach activator (a total of 0.1 g) were then added. The absorbance of the solution is then measured again at 5 minute intervais up to 30 minutes. The bleaching activity is expressed as the percentage of methylene blue dye remaining with time.
Comparative Tests A-H
The weight of bleach precursor (sodium perborate tetrahydrate) used in tests 1 to 8 below was 0.2 g. The weights of the activator(s) used is given in the following table:-
Test Weight phthalic Weight maleic Mole fraction phthalic anhydride anhydride anhydride in grams in grams in grams A 0 0.127 0 B 0.077 0.076 0.4 C 0.096 0.064 0.5 D 0.116 0.051 0.6 E 0.135 0.038 0.7 F 0.154 0.025 0.8 G 0.173 0.013 0.9 H 0.193 0 1.0 Dye bleaching tests at a constant mole ratio of bleach precursor to bleach activator of 1:1, and at a constant temperature of 60"C yielded the following results.
Comparative Test A
Mole ratio of phthalic anhydride to maleic anhydride is 0:1 (mole fraction of phthalic anhydride is 0.0).
Time X methylene blue remaining 0 100 5 74.2 10 69.2 15 68.1 20 - 68.1 25 68.1 30 68.1 Comparative Test B
Mole ratio of phthalic anhydride to maleic anhydride is 0.67:1 (mole fraction of phthalic anhydride is 0.4).
Time Z methylene blue remaining 0 100 5 79.1 10 68.7 15 62.6 20 59.3 25 57.7 30 57.1 Comparative Test C
Mole ratio of phthalic anhydride to maleic anhydride is 1:1 (mole fraction of phthalic anhydride is 0.5).
Time Z methylene blue remaining 0 100 5 80 10 67.0 15 57.8 20 52.4 25 49.2 30 47.6 Comparative Test D
Mole ratio of phthalic anhydride to maleic anhydride is 1.5:1 (mole fraction of phthalic anhydride is 0.6).
Time x methylene blue remaining 0 100 5 80.1 10 64.5 15 53.8 20 47.31 25 43.6 30 40.9 Comparative Test E
Mole ratio of phthalic anhydride to maleic anhydride is 2.3:1 (mole fraction of phthalic anhydride is 0.7).
Time Z methylene blue remaining 0 100 5 74.7 10 58.2 15 46.7 20 39.6 25 35.2 30 33.0
Comparative Test F
Mole ratio of phthalic anhydride to maleic anhydride is 4:1 (mole fraction of phthalic anhydride is 0.8).
Time Z methylene blue remaining 0 100 5 74.2 10 54.4 15 42.9 20 36.3 25 31.3 30 28.6 Comparative Test G
Mole ratio of phthalic anhydride to maleic anhydride is 9:1 (mole fraction of phthalic anhydride is 0.9).
Time Z methylene blue remaining 0 100 5 68.1 10 47.0 15 35.7 20 28.7 25 24.9 30 22.7 Comparative Test H
Mole ratio of phthalic anhydride to maleic anhydride is 1:0 (mole fraction of phthalic anhydride is 1.0).
Time Z methylene blue remaining 0 100 5 73.8 10 48.1 15 34.4 20 26.2 25 21.3 30 18.0
Examples 1-5 and Comparative Tests J-L
As for Example 1, but 0.4 g of bleach precursor was used.
Dye bleaching tests at a constant mole ratio of bleach precursor to bleach activator of 2:1 and at a constant temperature of 60"C yielded the following results.
Comparative Test J
Mole ratio of phthalic anhydride to maleic anhydride is 0:1 (mole fraction of phthalic anhydride is 0.0).
Time Z methylene blue remaining 0 100 5 72.2 10 68.9 15 68.3 20 67.7 25 67.7 30 67.7 Comparative Test K
Mole ratio of phthalic anhydride to maleic anhydride is 0.67:1 (mole fraction of phthalic anhydride is 0.4).
Time | X methylene blue remaining 0 100 5 71.0 10 61.2 15 56.3 20 54.6 25 54.1 30 54.1 Comparative Test L
Mole ratio of phthalic anhydride to maleic anhydride is 1:1 (mole fraction of phthalic anhydride is 0.5).
Time Z methylene blue remaining 0 100 5 72.8 10 57.8 15 52.2 20 47.8 25 46.7 30 46.1
Example 1
Mole ratio of phthalic anhydride to maleic anhydride is 1.5:1 (mole fraction of phthalic anhydride is 0.6).
Time X methylene blue remaining 0 100 5 72.0 10 57.7 15 50.5 20 46.1 25 44.0 30 42.9 Example 2
Mole ratio of phthalic anhydride to maleic anhydride is 2.3:1 (mole fraction of phthalic anhydride is 0.7).
Time X methylepe blue remaining 0 100 5 62.6 10 44.0 15 36.2 20 33.5 25 33.0 30 33.0 Example 3
Mole ratio of phthalic anhydride to maleic anhydride is 4:1 (mole fraction of phthalic anhydride is 0.8).
Time Z methylene blue remaining 0 100 5 63.2 10 45.1 15 36.8 20 34.1 25 33.0 30 32.4
Example 4
Mole ratio of phthalic anhydride to maleic anhydride is 9:1 (mole fraction of phthalic anhydride is 0.9).
Time X methylene blue remaining 0 100 5 59.8 10 40.2 15 32.6 15 32 6 20 29.9 25 28.3 30 27.7 Example 5
Mole ratio of phthalic anhydride to maleic anhydride is 1:0 (mole fraction of phthalic anhydride is 1.0).
Time X methylene blue remaining 0 100.0 5 67.0 10 45.0 15 33.5 15 33.5 20 27.7 25 25.3 30 24.2 Figs. 1 and 2 show three-dimensional surface graphs of points on a regular grid where the percentage of methylene blue remaining is plotted at 5 minute intervals against mole fraction of phthalic anhydride, for Examples 1 and 2, that is, for bleach precursor to total anhydride ratio of 1:1 and 2:1 respectively. The lines a, b, c, d, e, and f indicate the expected values of methylene blue remaining over time, if the phthalic and maleic anhydrides showed ideal behaviour, i.e. if no antagonism or synergism were shown in a mix upon their bleach activating ability.
The plots show that at molar ratios of phthalic anhydride to maleic anhydride below 1.5:1 (that is where the molar fraction of phthalic an hydride is below 0.6) suggests that there is a tendency to antagonism in the mixed anhydride system (lines a' to f') compared with the expected value (lines a to f) in its bleach activating activity. At molar ratio of phthalic anhydride to maleic anhydride greater than 1.5:1 there is a tendency to synergism in the bleach activating activity of the mixed anhydride system.
Claims (8)
1. A bleach composition which comprises a bleach precursor and a bleach activator, the bleach activator comprising a mixture of phthalic anhydride and at least one of maleic anhydride and succinic anhydride, the molar ratio of bleach precursor to total anhydride being fro 0.75:1 to 20:1 and the molar ratio of phthalic anhydride to maleic anhydride and/or succinic anhydride being from 1.5:1 to 20:1.
2. A bleach composition according to claim 1 wherein the molar ratio of bleach precursor to total anhdyride is from 1.5 to 10:1.
3. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the molar ratio of bleach precursor to total anhydride is from 2:1 to 5:1.
4. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the molar ratio of phthalic anhydride to maleic anhydride and/or succinic anhydride is from 2:1 to 10:1.
5. A composition according to any one of preceding claims wherein the molar ratio of phthalic anhydride to maleic anhydride and/or succinic anhydride is in the range 2:1 to 6:1.
6. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the bleach precursor is a salt of a per-acid.
7. A composition according to claim 6 wherein the bleach precursor is an alkali metal perborate.
8. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims which also contains a surfactant and a builder.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB868618106A GB8618106D0 (en) | 1986-07-24 | 1986-07-24 | Bleach activators |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8717461D0 GB8717461D0 (en) | 1987-08-26 |
| GB2193510A true GB2193510A (en) | 1988-02-10 |
Family
ID=10601636
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB868618106A Pending GB8618106D0 (en) | 1986-07-24 | 1986-07-24 | Bleach activators |
| GB08717461A Withdrawn GB2193510A (en) | 1986-07-24 | 1987-07-23 | Bleach activators |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB868618106A Pending GB8618106D0 (en) | 1986-07-24 | 1986-07-24 | Bleach activators |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB8618106D0 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0482807A1 (en) * | 1990-10-23 | 1992-04-29 | WARWICK INTERNATIONAL GROUP LIMITED (Co. n 2864019) | Releasably encapsulated active substrates |
| WO1993006203A1 (en) * | 1991-09-27 | 1993-04-01 | Warwick International Group Ltd. | Oxidising compositions |
-
1986
- 1986-07-24 GB GB868618106A patent/GB8618106D0/en active Pending
-
1987
- 1987-07-23 GB GB08717461A patent/GB2193510A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0482807A1 (en) * | 1990-10-23 | 1992-04-29 | WARWICK INTERNATIONAL GROUP LIMITED (Co. n 2864019) | Releasably encapsulated active substrates |
| WO1993006203A1 (en) * | 1991-09-27 | 1993-04-01 | Warwick International Group Ltd. | Oxidising compositions |
| EP0534772A3 (en) * | 1991-09-27 | 1994-11-09 | Warwick Int Group | Oxidising compositions |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8717461D0 (en) | 1987-08-26 |
| GB8618106D0 (en) | 1986-09-03 |
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