GB2180846A - Anti-dandruff shampoo compositions - Google Patents

Abstract

Antidandruff liquid or cream shampoo compositions contain a hydroxypyridone having the general formula II, or a salt thereof; <IMAGE> where R is an aliphatic or aromatic moiety having a pi factor of at least 1.3, an anionic surfactant selected from alkyl sulfates and alkyl ether sulfates, and from 20 to 150 milliequivalents % of electrolyte. The compositions may also comprise a water-insoluble salt of 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione.

Description

SPECIFICATION Shampoo compositions Technical Field The present invention relates to antimicrobial compositions and to their use in hair care. In particular it relates to hair care compositions having improved antidandruff efficacy.

Background Dandruff is a widespread problem, some 50%-60% of the overall population suffering with dandruff at varying periods of their lives and to varying degrees. Although the cause or causes of dandruff are still not precisely settled, the microorganism Pityrosporum Ovale is strongly implicated in the etiology of the scurf-formation process.

The use of pyridinethione salts as antidandruff agents in shampoos and hair rinse is well known. US-A-3,236,733 discloses detergent compositions containing such salts. Other references include US-A-2,809,971 and US-A-3,723,325.

It is also known that certain 1-hydroxy-2-pyridone derivatives are effective as antimicrobial agents with specific application to dandruff control. GB-A-1,440,975 is relevant in this respect.

Both the pyridinethione salts and the 1-hydroxy-2 pyridones have been clinically proven to reduce the level of dandruff when used regularly over, for example, a four week period. Typically, there is a reduction in mean dandruff grades of about 50%-70% after four weeks twice weekly usage. Continued treatment can provide some further marginal improvements but on average, these materials reach a plateau in anti-dandruff effectiveness. Improvements in the level of dandruff reduction or in the rate at which dandruff reduction is achieved, would therefore be highly desirable.

The present invention is based on the finding that certain pyridinethiones and hydroxypyridones provide improved antidandruff efficacy when used in hair compositions such as shampoos, and the like in combination with electrolyte.

Summary of the Invention Accordingly, the present invention provided an antimicrobial liquid or cream shampoo composition comprising: (a) from 0 to 4.9% of a water-insoluble salt of 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione (I), (b) from 0.1% to 5% of a hydroxypyridone having the general formula II, or a salt thereof:

wherein R is an aliphatic or aromatic moiety having a n factor of at least about 1.3, (c) from 5% to 50% of anionic surfactant selected from alkyl sulfates, ethoxylated alkyl sulfates and mixtures thereof, and (d) from 20 to 150 milliequivalents % of electrolyte.

The pyridinethione component (I) of the present composition can generally be defined as water-insoluble salts of 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione which has the following structural formula in tautomeric form, the sulfur being attached to the No. 2 position in the pyridine ring.

The salts result from substitution of the hydrogen of one of the tautomeric forms by the appropriate salt cation. Depending, of course, on the valence of the salt cation involved there may be more than one of the pyridinethione rings in the compound.

Preferred salts are formed from heavy metals such as zinc, tin, cadmium, magnesium, aluminium and zirconium. The preferred heavy metal is zinc. Other cations such as sodium are also suitable, however.

The pyridinethiones generally take the form of water-insoluble particles. These can have an individual particle size of at least 1 micrometer. Preferred materials, however, are pyridinethione crystals in the form of predominantly flat platelets which have a mean sphericity of less than about 0.65, preferably from about 0.20 to about 0.54 and a median particle size of at least about 2 micrometres, the particle size being expressed as the median equivalent diameter of a sphere of equal volume. The upper limit on mean particle size is not critical but generally can range up to about 25 micrometers, measured on the same basis. The median diameters are on a mass basis with 50% of the mass of particles falling on either side of the value given.

The diameter of a sphere of equivalent volume for a particle can be determined by a variety of sedimentation techniques which are based on Stokes' Law for the settling velocity of a particle in a fluid. Such techniques are described in Stockham, J.D. and Fochtman, E.G., Particle Size Analysis, Ann Arbor Science, 1978. An approach for determining the median equivalent spherical diameter based on volume, dv, is shown in EP-A-34, 385, Example II.

The sphericity of a particle is also described by Stockham and Fochtman at page 113 as (dV/d5)2, where dv is the diameter of a sphere of equivalent volume, supra, and d,is the diameter of a sphere of equivalent area. As used herein, however, the mean sphericity is (dV/d5)2, or the surface area of spheres having equivalent volume distribution divided by the actual surface area of particles as measured. A technique for determining actual surface area is shown in the examples using the BET technique described by Stockham and Fochtman at page 122.

From the viewpoint of anti-dandruff efficacy, the BET surface area herein preferably falls in the range from about 0.5 to about 3.5, more preferably from about 1.0 to about 3.0 m2/g.

In preferred embodiments, pyridonethione anti-dandruff agents herein are at least partly in agglomerated form, the agglomerate size preferably being such that at least about 20% by weight, more preferably at least about 50% by weight of the pyridonethione is in the form of agglomerates having an equivalent spherical diameter of at least about 5 microns, preferably from about 7 to about 30 microns, more preferably from about 10 to about 20 microns.

Agglomerate size is conveniently measured by sedimentation techniques using a Sedigraph 5000, Micrometrics Corp., the agglomerates being predispersed in water under low shear conditions.

Agglomeration is preferred from the viewpoint of optimizing overall formulation anti-dandruff efficacy.

The hydroxypyridone component (II) of the present composition can generally be described as 1 -hydroxy-4-methyl-( 1H)-pyridones having an aliphatic or aromatic moiety (R) at the 6 position thereof, wherein R has a ir factor of at least 1.3, preferably from 2 to 6, more preferably from 3 to 5.5. The 7r factor is a measure of the lipophilicity/hydrophilicity of the substituent and is defined in detail in the paper by W. Dittmar, E. Druckrey and H. Urbach, J. Med. Chem. 17(7), 753-6(1974) and references cited therein.

In structural terms, preferred R substituents are selected from linear and branched C3-C1t, preferably C6-C11 alkyl and alkenyl groups, Cs-C8 cycloalkyl groups, and aryl groups. In the above, cyclic moieties ca also be substituted with one or more alkyl or alkenyi groups up to C4.

The R groups can further be substituted with halogen atoms. Of the above, preferred R moieites are cyclohexyl and 2,4,4-trimethyl pentyl, the latter being highly preferred.

The above mentioned compounds can be used both in the free form and as salts, for example, salts with organic bases of inorganic cations. Low molecular weight alkanolamines are especially preferred organic bases, for example triethanolamine.

The pyridinethiones and hydroxypyridones specified herein are useful in a variety of hair care compositions as antidandruff aids. The total level of pyridinethione and hydroxypyridone is generally from about 0.1% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 3% by weight of composition. The weight ratio of pyridinethione salt to hydroxypyridone is preferably from about 10:1 to about 1:10, more preferably from about 5:1 to about 1:5. Individually, the pyridinethione salts and hydroxypyridones are each preferably present at a level of from about 0. 1% to about 3%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 2% by weight of composition.

A further essential component of the antidandruff shampoos herein is an anionic surfactant selected from alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates and mixtures thereof. The surfactant component usually comprises from about 5% to about 50% by weight of the composition, preferably from about 10% to about 20%.

Preferred are the sodium, ammonium, potassium or triethanolamine alkyl sulfates, especially those obtained by sulfating the higher alcohols (Css-C,8 carbon atoms), and sodium or potassium salts of sulfuric acid esters of the reaction product of 1 mole of C8-C18 higher fatty alcqhol (e.g., tallow or coconut oil alcohols) and 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide.

The compositions herein can also be supplemented by surfactants of the nonionic, amphoteric, zwitterionic and cationic types.

Nonionic surfactants can be broadly defined as components produced by the condensation of alkylene oxide groups (hydrophilic in nature) with an organic hydrophobic compound, which may be aliphatic or alkyl aromatic in nature. Examples of preferred classes of nonionic surfactants are: 1. The polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, e.g., the condensation products of alkyl phenols having an alkyl group containing from about 6 to 12 carbon atoms in either a straight chain or branched chain configuration, with ethylene oxide, the said ethylene oxide being present in amounts equal to 10 to 60 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alkyl phenol. The alkyl substituent in such compounds may be derived from polymerixed propylene, diisobutylene, octane, or nonane, for example.

2. Those derived from the condensation of ethylene oxide with the product resulting from the reaction of propylene oxide and ethylene diamine products which may be varied in composition depending upon the balance between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic elements which is desired.

For example, compounds containing from about 40% to about 80% polyoxyethylene by weight and having a molecular weight of from about 5,000 to about 11,000 resulting from the reaction of ethylene oxide groups with a hydrophobic base constituted of the reaction product of ethylene diamine and excess propylene oxide, said base having a molecular weight of the order of 2,500 to 3,000, are satisfactory.

3. The condensation product of aliphatic alcohols having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, in either straight chain or branched chain configuration, with ethylene oxide, e.g., a coconutalcohol ethylene oxide condensate having from 10 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of coconut alcohol, the coconut alcohol fraction having from 10 to 14 carbon atoms.

4. Long chain tertiary amine oxides corresponding to the following general formula: R1R2R3N ,0 wherein R1 contains an alkyl, alkenyl or monohydroxy alkyl radical of from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, from 0 to about 10 ethylene oxide moieties, and from 0 to 1 glyceryl moiety, and R2 and R3 contain from 1 to about 3 carbon atoms and from 0 to about 1 hydroxy group, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxy ethyl, or hydroxy propyl radicals.

The arrow in the formula is a conventional representation of a semipolar bond. Examples of amine oxides suitable for use in this invention include the dimethyldodecylamine oxide, oleyldi(2hydroxyethyl)amine oxide, dimethyloctylamine oxide, dimethyldecylamine oxide, dimethyltetradecylamine oxide, 3,6,9-trioxaheptadecyldiethylamine oxide, di(2-hydroxyethyl)-tetradecylamine oxide, 2-dodecoxyethyldimethylamine oxide, 3-dodeoxycy-2-hydroxypropyldi(3-hydroxypropyl)amine oxide, dimethylhexadecylamine oxide.

Zwitterionic surfactants can be exemplified by those which can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds, in which the aliphatic radicals can be straight chain or branched, and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic watersolubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.A general formula for these compounds is:

wherein R2 contains an alkyl, alkenyl, or hydroxy alkyl radical of from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, from 0 to about 10 ethylene oxide moieties and from 0 to 1 glyceryl moiety; Y is selected from nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur atoms, R3 is an alkyl or monohydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; x is 1 when Y is a sulfur atom and 2 when Y is a nitrogen or phosphorus atom; R4 is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene of from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and Z is a radical selected from carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphonate, and phosphate groups.

Examples of amphoteric surfactants which can be used in the compositions of the present invention can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight chain or branched and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.Examples of compounds falling within this definition are sodium 3-dodecylaminopropionate, sodium 3-dodecylaminopropane sulfonate, N-alkyltaurines such as the one prepared by reacting dodecylamine with sodium isethionate according to the teaching of US-A-2,658,072, N-higher alkyl aspartic acids such as those produced according to the teaching of US-A-2,438,091, and the products sold under the trade name "Miranol" and described in US-A-2,528,378.

Many cationic surfactants are known to the art. By way of example, the following may be mentioned: dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride; nonylbenzylethyldimethylammonium nitrate; tetradecylpyridinium bromide; laurylpyridinium chloride; cetylpyridinium chloride; laurylpyridinium chloride; laurylisoquinolium bromide; ditallow(hydrogenated)dimethyl ammonium chloride dilauryldimethylammonium chloride; and stearalkonium chloride.

Many additional nonsoap surfactants are described in McCUTCHEON'S, DETERGENTS AND EMULSIFIERS, 1979 ANNUAL, published by Allured Publishing Corporation.

A further essential component of the present compositions is from about 20 to about 150, preferably from about 25 to about 100, more preferably from about 40 to about 80 milliequivalents % of electrolyte. In terms of wt /O, the electrolyte is preferably from about 1% to about 10%, more preferably from about 1.5% to about 5% by weight of composition. The electrolyte should have an equivalent weight of less than about 150, preferably less than about 100 and is preferably selected from alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium chlorides, sulphates and citrates, for example sodium chloride, sodium sulphate and sodium citrate. The electrolyte is critical from the viewpoint of achieving improved antidandruff efficacy as well for controlling composition viscosity.

The compositions of the invention will generally contain a suspending agent. The suspending agent is preferably substantially crystalline in form. Also, preferred suspending agents are nonpolymeric and non-clay in nature, such materials being found to have a deleterious effect on overall anti-dandruff efficacy. Accordingly, the compositions herein are preferably substantially free of nonionic and anionic polymeric and clay-type suspending agents. By "substantially free" it is meant not more than about 20 ppm of these materials. Preferred suspending agents include ethylene glycol and glycerol esters of fatty acids having from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms. Both ethylene glycol mono and distearate are examples of these esters.

Other useful suspending agents are alkanolamides of fatty acids having from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms, preferably about 16 to 18 carbon atoms. Suitable examples of these agents include stearic monoethanolamide, stearic diethanolamide, stearic monoisopropanolamide, stearic diethanolamide distearate and mixtures thereof.

Still other suitable suspending agents are Ct6-C22 alkyl dimethylamine oxides such as stearyl dimethyl amine oxide and C,6-C22 fatty acid amidoalkylamines such as stearamidoethyldiethylamine. Mixtures of suspending agents are also acceptable, for example, a mixture of glyceryl stearate and stearamidoethyldiethylamine. When present, these suspending agents are at levels of from about 1% to about 7%, preferably from about 2% to about 6%. These agents may also serve to give pearlescence to the product.

The antidandruff shampoos herein can contain a variety of non-essential optional ingredients suitable for rendering such compositions more stable and desirable. Such conventional optional ingredients are well known to those skilled in the art, e.g., pearlescent materials such as bismuth oxychloride, guanine and titanium dioxide coated mica, preservatives such as benzy alcohol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben and imidazolidinyl urea; and sequestering agents such as disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate.

An amide is a preferred optional component present in the shampoo aspect of the present invention. Any of the akanolamides of fatty acids useful in shampoo compositions can be used.

Generally, these include mono and diethanolamides of fatty acids having from about 8 to about 14 carbon atoms. Preferred compounds include coconut monoethanolamide, lauric or coconut diethanolamide, and mixtures thereof. The amide is present at a level of from about 1.0% to about 4.0%. It is believed that a more richer lathering, more stable product results when amides of these types are combined with the other components of the invention at hand.

Minor ingredients such as perfumes, dyes and coloring agents can also be added to the instant compositions to improve their consumer acceptability. If present, such agents generally comprise.from about 0.1% to 2.0% by weight of the composition.

The shampoos herein are preferably in the form of liquids or creams in which water is the principal diluent. The level of water in the compositions is typically from about 35% to about 90% by weight.

The hair care compositions herein have a pH generally in the range from about 3 to about 8.

Preferred compositions are acidic however, highly preferred compositions having a pH in the range from about 3.5 to about 6.5, especially from about 4 to about 6. The pH is measured on a 1% solution basis. A preferred pH regulating agent is a citric acid/sodium citrate buffer. Other acidulating agents such as phosphoric acid, succinic acid etc. can also be used, however.

Propylene glycol which is frequently added to shampoo compositions as a conditioning aid, has been found to have a generally deleterious effect on overall anti-dandruff efficacy for the compositions of the invention. Accordingly, the compositions are preferably substantially free of propylene glycol. By "substantially free of" is meant less than about 0.1% by weight of this material.

A process for preparing the compositions herein comprises preparing a surfactant premix comprising from about 10% to about 90% by weight of final composition of water and from about 2% to about 30% by weight of final composition of surfactant at a temperature in the range from about 65"C to 88"C, cooling the premix to a temperature in the range from about 21"C to about 49"C, preferably from about 21"C to about 46"C, and thereafter adding the pyridinethione or hydroxypyridone antidandruff agents to the cooled premix.Suspending agent, when present, is added to the surfactant premix at the high temperature stage and the premix is maintained after cooling for a sufficient period to achieve substantial crystallization of the suspending agent prior to adding the pyridinethione or hydroxypyridone antidandruff agents. Alternatively, the hydroxypyridone can be added to the surfactant premix prior to the low temperature stage. The step of adding the pyridinethione is preferably performed under low shear (nonturbulent flow) conditions.

The following Examples further describe and demonstrate the preferred embodiments within the scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise indicated, all percentages herein are by weight.

In the Examples which follow, the abbreviations have the following designations.

ZPT1 Zinc Pyridinethione Median Equivalent Spherical Diameter=5.4 microns Mean Sphericity=0.25 ZPT2 Zinc Pyridinethione Median Equivalent Spherical Diameter= 1.25 microns Mean Sphericity=0.75 ZPT3 Agglomerated Zinc Pyridinethione-20% having an equivalent spherical diameter of at least 5 microns ZPT4 Agglomerated Zinc Pyridinethione platelets50% having an equivalent spherical diameter of at least 13 microns TMPP 1 -hydroxy-4-methyl-6-(2 ,4,4-trimethyl pentyl)-2-(1H)-pyridone, triethanolamine salt CHP 1 -hydroxy-4-methyl-6-cyclohexyl-2-( 1 H)-pyridone, triethanolamine salt NH4AS Ammonium C,2 alkyl sulfate (29% aq. soln.) TEA AS Triethanolamine C,2 alkyl sulfate (35% aq. soln.) NH4 AE2S Ammonium C,2 alkyl (EO)2 sulfate (24% active) MEA Coconut Monoethanoamide DEA Lauric Diethanolamide EGDS Ethylene glycol distearate Examples I to VII The following are shampoo compositions according to the invention.

I II Ill IV V VI VII ZPT1 1 0.5 0.8 0.5 - - ZPT2 - - o 0.5 ZPT3 - - - - - 0.5 ZPT4 - - - - - - 0.5 TMPP 1 - 0.5 1 1 0.5 0.5 CHP - 0.5 - - - - NH4AS 55 - 60 - 45 28 25 TEA AS - 50 - 55 - - - NH4 AE2S - 3 - - 2 40 35 MEA 3 2 - 3 4 3 2 DEA - - 2 - - - EGDS 5 4 3 5 3 5 5 Sodium Sulphate - 2 - - 3 - Sodium Chloride 1 - 5 - - - 2 Sodium Citrate 0.5 0.5 0.6 3 0.7 5 0.5 Citric Acid 0.2 0.2 0.3 1 0.4 1 0.2 Colour solution 0.1 0.1 0.12 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 Perfume 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 Water To 100% The compositions display improved anti-dandruff efficacy.

Claims (17)

1. An antidandruff liquid or cream shampoo composition comprising: (a) from 0 to 4.9% of a water-insoluble salt of 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione (I), (b) from 0.1% to 5% of a hydroxypyridone having the general formula 11, or a salt thereof:

wherein R is an aliphatic or aromatic moiety having a 7r factor of at least about 1.3, (c) from 5% to 50% of anionic surfactant selected from alkyl sulfates, ethoxylated alkyl sulfates and mixtures thereof, and (d) from 20 to 150 milliequivalents % of electrolyte.

2. A composition according to Claim 1 wherein the pyridinethione (I) is selected from zinc, tin, magnesium, aluminium, cadmium, zirconium and sodium salts of 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione.

3. A composition according to Claim 2 wherein the pyridinethione (I) is the zinc salt of 1hydroxy-2-pyridinethione.

4. A composition according to any of Claims 1 to 3 wherein the pyridinethione (I) has a particle size, defined as the mass median equivalent spherical diameter, of at least 1 micrometre.

5. A composition according to Claim 4 wherein the pyridinethione (I) has a particle size in the range from 2 to 15 micrometres.

6. A composition according to any of Claims 1 to 5 wherein the pyridinethione (I) is in the form of predominantly flat platelets having a mean sphericity of less than 0.65.

7. A composition according to any of Claims 1 to 6 wherein the pyridinethione (I) is at least partly in agglomerated form.

8. A composition according to Claim 7 wherein at least 20% of the pyridinethione (I) is in the form of agglomerates having an equivalent spherical diameter of at least 5 microns.

9. A composition according to any of Claims 1 to 8 wherein R is selected from linear and branched, C3-C" alkyl and alkenyl groups, Cs-C8 cycloalkyl groups, and aryl groups.

10. A composition according to Claim 9 wherein R is 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl.

11. A composition according to Claim 10 wherein the hydroxypyridone (II) is in the form of an alkanolamine salt.

12. A composition according to any of Claims 1 to 11 wheren pyridinethione (I) and hydroxypyridone (II) are in weight ratio of from 10:1 to 1:10.

13. A composition according to any of Claims 1 to 12 having a pH (1% aqueous solution) in the range from 3.5 to 6.5, preferably from 4 to 6.

14. A composition according to any of Claims 1 to 13 comprising from 25 to 100, preferably from 40 to 80 milliequivalents % of electrolyte.

15. A composition according to Claim 14 wherein the electrolyte is selected from alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium chlorides, sulphate and citrates.

16. A composition according to any of Claims 1 to 15 additionally incorporating a nonpolymeric, non-clay suspending agent.

17. A composition according to Claim 22 wherein the suspending agent is selected from C1- C22 fatty acid esters of glycerol or ethylene glycol, Cr6-C22 fatty acid alkanolamides, C16-C22 fatty acid amido alkylamines and C,6-C22 alkyl amineoxides.