GB2165262A - Means for maintaining the vacuum in an evacuated chamber - Google Patents
Means for maintaining the vacuum in an evacuated chamber Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2165262A GB2165262A GB08524342A GB8524342A GB2165262A GB 2165262 A GB2165262 A GB 2165262A GB 08524342 A GB08524342 A GB 08524342A GB 8524342 A GB8524342 A GB 8524342A GB 2165262 A GB2165262 A GB 2165262A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- vacuum
- alloy
- maintaining
- jacket
- gases
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001122 Mischmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/02—Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
- A47J41/00—Thermally-insulated vessels, e.g. flasks, jugs, jars
- A47J41/02—Vacuum-jacket vessels, e.g. vacuum bottles
- A47J41/022—Constructional details of the elements forming vacuum space
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/006—Processes utilising sub-atmospheric pressure; Apparatus therefor
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Thermally Insulated Containers For Foods (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The use of an alloy of the formula Ti(V1@a@bFeaAlb)xCryMnz where x=greater than 1 and up to 2, y=0 to 0.2 x+y=at most 2 a=0 to 0.4 b=0 to 0.2 a+b=at most 0.5 (1-a-b).x=at least 1 Z=0 to (2-x-y) as an agent to maintain the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of thermally insulated vessels is described. A vacuum of better than 10 <4> mbar can be maintained by means of the alloy for long periods.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Means for maintaining the vacuum in an evacuated chamber
The invention relates to a means for maintaining the vacuum in an evacuated chamber.
Double-walled vessels, in which the interspace between the walls is evacuated, are of the type of vessel having the best thermal insulation capacities. Whereas relatively small vessels are usually made from glass, larger vessels can be made only with walls of steel.
It has been found, however, that the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of insulating vessels of steel deteriorates in the long term, especially also if radiation-reflecting shields are additionally fitted in the vacuum space. This deterioration in the vacuum is to be ascribed to the fact that, on the one hand, gases absorbed in the wall and in the radiation shields are released and, on the other hand, that gases, for example hydrogen, can diffuse through the steel walls. However, the thermal insulation by means of vacuum drops sharply at the moment when the pressure in the vacuum jacket rises above 10 4 mbar. It has therefore also already been disclosed to introduce means for maintaining the vacuum, for example activated carbon, into the vacuum jacket.
It is the object of the invention to provide a further, inexpensive, highly effective means which is capable, when introduced into the vacuum jacket, of absorbing gases appearing there and maintaining a vacuum of better than 10 4 mbar.
According to the invention there is provided an alloy of the formula Ti(v, a ,,,Fe,,AI,,),Cr,Mn, where
x = greater than 1 and up to 2,
y = O to 0.2
x+y = at most 2
a = O to 0.4
b = O to 0.2
a+b = at most 0.5 (1-a-b).x = at least 1
z = O to (2-x-y) for maintaining the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of thermally insulated vessels.
The alloy may be used here in the form of powder, preferably in a quantity of 2 to 4 g per I. of the volume of the vacuum space.
After the alloy has been introduced into the vacuum space and vacuum has been applied, the alloy is either activated at 300"C or, before it is introduced into the vacuum space, the alloy is charged with hydrogen at temperatures from 20 to 100 C and then activated automatically in the course of evacuation of the vacuum jacket (pumping out of the gases) at room temperature or at temperatures up to 100"C.
The preparation of the alloy is carried out by fusing the alloy constituents or appropriately selected master alloys under a blanketing gas, a melt of the higher-melting constituents being produced first, into which melt the lower-melting constituents are then introduced, in order to minimise the evaporation rates. To reduce the oxygen content of the alloy, the melt is then deoxidised by the addition of known deoxidising agents (lanthanum, mischmetal and the like).
The solidified melt is then comminuted under a blanketing gas. The material obtained can be comminuted further by repeated absorption and desorption of hydrogen, so that the particle size of the alloy can be reduced to less than 1 m by repeated charging and discharging of the alloy with hydrogen. Desorption is here carried out at temperatures of about 100 to 150 C. For use of the alloy as a means for maintaining the vacuum in the vacuum jacket, however, a particularly finely dispersed powder is not absolutely necessary since the deterioration of the vacuum in the vacuum jacket takes place only very slowly and a high rate of absorption of the gases by the alloy is therefore not necessary. (This applies above all to hydrogen).
The alloy reliably absorbs the gases usually appearing in the vacuum jacket, such as oxygen, hydrogen, water vapour, carbon monoxide and the like, so that a vacuum of better than 10 6 mbar, frequently even 10 7 to 10
8 mbar, can be maintained. Alloys of the compositions TiV1 5Fe04Mn0 , TiV,6FeO4 or TiV16FeO2 CrO1 MnO1 have here proved particularly suitable.
1. An alloy of the formula Tl(VI , "FedAIb) , CrMn, where
x = greater than 1 and up to 2,
y = O to 0.2
x+y = at most 2
a = O to 0.4
b = O to 0.2
a+b = at most 0.5 (1-a-b).x = at least 1
z = O to (2-x-y) for maintaining the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of thermally insulated vessels.
2. An alloy according to claim 1 in a quantity of 2 to 4 g per I. of vacuum space.
3. An alloy according to claim 1 or 2, characterised by the composition
TiV1 sFeO4MnO,.
4. An alloy according to claim 1 or 2, characterised by the composition TiV1 6Fe04.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (7)
1. An alloy of the formula Tl(VI , "FedAIb) , CrMn, where
x = greater than 1 and up to 2,
y = O to 0.2
x+y = at most 2
a = O to 0.4
b = O to 0.2
a+b = at most 0.5 (1-a-b).x = at least 1
z = O to (2-x-y) for maintaining the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of thermally insulated vessels.
2. An alloy according to claim 1 in a quantity of 2 to 4 g per I. of vacuum space.
3. An alloy according to claim 1 or 2, characterised by the composition
TiV1 sFeO4MnO,.
4. An alloy according to claim 1 or 2, characterised by the composition TiV1 6Fe04.
5. An alloy according to claim 1 or 2, characterised by the composition
TiV16Fe0,2Cr0,1Mn0,1
6. Means for maintaining a vacuum in an evacuated chamber comprising placing an alloy as claimed in claim 1 in said chamber.
7. Means for maintaining a vacuum in an evacuated chamber by the use of an alloy substantially as described herein.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3436754A DE3436754C1 (en) | 1984-10-06 | 1984-10-06 | Means for maintaining the vacuum in the vacuum jacket of thermal insulating containers |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8524342D0 GB8524342D0 (en) | 1985-11-06 |
| GB2165262A true GB2165262A (en) | 1986-04-09 |
| GB2165262B GB2165262B (en) | 1989-05-24 |
Family
ID=6247301
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8524342A Expired GB2165262B (en) | 1984-10-06 | 1985-10-02 | Means for maintaining the vacuum in an evacuated chamber |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6190621A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1253361A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3436754C1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2571385B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2165262B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1184652B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3775639B2 (en) * | 2000-02-22 | 2006-05-17 | 株式会社日本製鋼所 | Method for producing hydrogen storage alloy |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2117002A (en) * | 1982-03-20 | 1983-10-05 | Daimler Benz Ag | Hydrogen storage material |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4358316A (en) * | 1980-12-29 | 1982-11-09 | University Patents, Inc. | Alloys for hydrogen storage |
| US4360445A (en) * | 1981-06-16 | 1982-11-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Oxygen stabilized zirconium-vanadium-iron alloy |
| DE3425055C1 (en) * | 1984-07-07 | 1985-07-25 | Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | Getter substance |
-
1984
- 1984-10-06 DE DE3436754A patent/DE3436754C1/en not_active Expired
-
1985
- 1985-09-25 CA CA000491494A patent/CA1253361A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-09-27 JP JP60212801A patent/JPS6190621A/en active Granted
- 1985-10-02 GB GB8524342A patent/GB2165262B/en not_active Expired
- 1985-10-03 IT IT48627/85A patent/IT1184652B/en active
- 1985-10-04 FR FR8514745A patent/FR2571385B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2117002A (en) * | 1982-03-20 | 1983-10-05 | Daimler Benz Ag | Hydrogen storage material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8524342D0 (en) | 1985-11-06 |
| JPH0159006B2 (en) | 1989-12-14 |
| IT1184652B (en) | 1987-10-28 |
| CA1253361A (en) | 1989-05-02 |
| DE3436754C1 (en) | 1985-08-14 |
| IT8548627A0 (en) | 1985-10-03 |
| FR2571385B1 (en) | 1992-12-31 |
| GB2165262B (en) | 1989-05-24 |
| JPS6190621A (en) | 1986-05-08 |
| FR2571385A1 (en) | 1986-04-11 |
| IT8548627A1 (en) | 1987-04-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 732E | Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| PE20 | Patent expired after termination of 20 years |
Effective date: 20051001 |