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GB2039789A - Electrostatic Imaging Sheet - Google Patents

Electrostatic Imaging Sheet Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2039789A
GB2039789A GB7939093A GB7939093A GB2039789A GB 2039789 A GB2039789 A GB 2039789A GB 7939093 A GB7939093 A GB 7939093A GB 7939093 A GB7939093 A GB 7939093A GB 2039789 A GB2039789 A GB 2039789A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
sheet
polymer
smectite clay
water dispersible
electrostatic imaging
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GB7939093A
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GB2039789B (en
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Priority to GB7939093A priority Critical patent/GB2039789B/en
Publication of GB2039789A publication Critical patent/GB2039789A/en
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Publication of GB2039789B publication Critical patent/GB2039789B/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/10Bases for charge-receiving or other layers
    • G03G5/101Paper bases
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/0202Dielectric layers for electrography
    • G03G5/0217Inorganic components

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Abstract

An electrostatic imaging sheet wherein one side of the sheet, e.g. paper, is electrically conductive and the other side of the sheet has a continuous dielectric layer comprising a mixture of a smectite clay e.g. a synthetic hectorite swelling clay and an electrically insulating polymer, preferably in particle form. The dielectric layer may comprise a layer of a smectite clay which forms a barrier between the electrically conductive layer and the layer of insulating polymer. The invention is also a dielectric coating composition comprising a mixture of electrically insulating polymer in aqueous dispersion and a water dispersible smectite clay. The polymer may be selected from the group consisting of polyalkenes, substituted polyalkenes, acrylic polymers, vinyl polymers, polystyrene, polyesters, polyvinylidene chloride, polyamides, polycarbonates, polytetrafluoroethylene, polybutadiene, co-polymers of these materials and styrene acrylic copolymers.

Description

SPECIFICATION Electrostatic Imaging Sheet The invention relates to a method of coating sheet material and to a dielectric coating composition for use in the method. More particularly the invention relates to an electrostatic imaging sheet comprising a base, e.g. of paper, having an electroconductive layer and having on one side a continuous layer of a dielectric material.
From U.S. Patent Specification No. 3075859 of A.B. Dick Company it is known that a latent electrostatic image may be transferred from a suitably charged array to a copy sheet and that this latent image may then be developed by means of applying and fixing charged toner particles. For this process to operate satisfactorily it is necessary for the copy sheet to have certain properties, particularly in that it should comprise two layers, one being an electrically conducting base sheet and the other being an electrically insulating or dielectric layer which receives the latent image in the form of an electrostatic charge and is capable of retaining the charge for a period of time sufficient to allow development and fixing.
It is known to produce an electrically conducting base sheet by adding to a base paper conducting salts or polyelectrolyte resins or humectant materials or combinations of these materials. The conducting salts, humectants and polyelectrolyte resins being water soluble may be added to the fibre slurry in the papermaking process or may be applied by various means after formation of the paper sheet.
It is also known to coat such a conducting base sheet with a solvent solution of an electrically insulating polymer and by removal of residual solvent to produce a dielectric copy sheet.
It has been appreciated for a long time that it would be advantageous for the dielectric layer to be applied as an aqueous coating and a number of attempts have been made in this direction involving the use of different water soluble polymers, emulsion polymers and the like. These attempts have not been significantly successful because of inherent deficiencies in the materials themselves, and also because of production difficulties, since as the conductive elements of the base sheet are intrinsically water miscible they tend to migrate into the dielectric coating with consequent deleterious effect upon its resistivity, its ability to perform as a charge receptor, and the ability of the sheet as a whole to form and hold an image in use.
It is an object of this invention to provide an electrostatic imaging paper using an aqueous system to apply the dielectric layer, but in such a manner as to overcome the prior art deficiencies.
From a first aspect the invention provides an electrostatic imaging sheet wherein one side of the sheet is electrically conductive and the other side of the sheet has a continuous dielectric layer comprising a mixture of a smectite clay and an electrically insulating polymer.
From another aspect the invention provides an electrostatic imaging sheet wherein one side of the sheet is electrically conductive and the other side of the sheet has a layer of a smectite clay which forms a barrier between the electrically conductive layer and a dielectric layer of an insulating polymer.
From a further aspect the invention provides a dielectric coating composition comprising a mixture of electrically insulating polymer jn aqueous dispersion and a water dispersible smectite clay.
From yet another aspect the invention provides a method of coating a sheet material which comprises dispersing a mixture of an electrically insulating polymer and a water dispersible smectite clay in an aqueous system and coating the sheet material with the aqueous dispersion.
From a still further aspect the invention provides a method of coating a sheet material to produce an electrostatic imaging sheet comprising coating one side of the sheet material with an aqueous dispersion of water dispersible smectite clay, to form a barrier on the sheet prior to coating the sheet with an aqueous system containing an electrically insulating polymer.
In practice a coating composition as described above will usually be in the form of a colloidal suspension, although alternatively it can be in the form of a thixotropic gel. The coating composition may incorporate other materials, e.g. inorganic fillers such as kaolin, titanium dioxide, whitings, china clay and the like.
Suitable polymers may be selected from the following namely polyalkenes, substituted polyalkenes, acrylic polymers, vinyi polymers, polystyrene, polyesters, polyvinylidine chloride, polyamides, polycarbonates, polytetrafluoroethyíene, polybutadiene, copolymers of these materials, and styrene acrylic co-polymers. The polymer may be in fibre or particle form or as a solution, dispersion or colloidal suspension. The polymer is preferably in the form of an aqueous suspension of fine particles e.g. in the range 0.1 to 10 microns.
The water dispersible smectite clay possesses a layered lattice or platelet type structure, and includes the so called swelling clay varieties montmorillonite, bentonite and hectorite.
Particularly useful is the synthetic hectorite swelling clay sold by Laporte Industries Ltd. under the registered trade mark LAPONITE. This material disperses in water or aqueous polymer containing compositions to give colloidal dispersions of suitable rheology for sheet coating purposes. The colloidal nature, primary particle size and morphology of the synthetic hectorite is advantageous since the hectorite containing composition has the property of remaining on the surface of the sheet rather than soaking in and mixing with conducting layer. This is particularly of importance where it is desired to coat a groundwood or mechanical paper, which has a relatively open structure.The primary particle morphology, namely a platelet-like structure, and the excellent film forming properties of the synthetic hectorite are of further value in that they tend to prevent penetration and poisoning of the dielectric layer by conductive elements. The synthetic hectorite possesses a further useful property namely that in aqueous dispersion the synthetic hectorite is anionic in character. It will therefore react with cationic materials such as those typically used to provide the conductivity of the base sheet to form an ionically inert material, and when this reaction occurs a physical barrier against migration is formed between the two layers.Once dried, the synthetic hectorite film ceases to be ionic and therefore does not detract from the dielectric properties of the polymer present in the composition, and indeed contributes to the establishement and maintentance of the desired electrical properties of the sheet surface. The film forming properties and structure of the film also serve to prevent lifting of fibres from the base sheet.
A sheet of dielectric paper in accordance with the invention may be produced in a number of ways, for example:- (1) By applying a coating composition comprising the polymer and synthetic hectorite to a sheet of paper which has been previously treated to render it electrically conductive.
(2) By applying the coating composition comprising the polymer and synthetic hectorite to a sheet of untreated paper as a first step and applying the conductive coating or treatment as a second step.
Either of these two processes may be applied as a continuous or machine process during the manufacture of the paper, or part or all of the coating operation may be carried out as an offmachine process on suitable pre-produced base paper. Alternatively it may be advantageous to add either the electrically conductive material, or the dielectric composition to the fibre slurry before formation of the web. Other processes normally applied in the manufacture of paper will of course be relevant in the manufacture of the sheet within the scope of this invention, e.g.
drying, calendaring etc. In the case of drying, it may be necessary to apply heat additonal to that required for drying per se, in order fully to cure the dielectric coating It is also proposed to form an electrostatic imaging sheet in the following manner. A coating of synthetic hectorite in aqueous dispersion is first applied to a base sheet, which is either treated to render it conductive or plain as desired, and the coating, which forms a barrier, is then dried. A second coating comprising an aqueous polymer system is then applied on top of the synthetic hectorite layer. The second coating would normally include inert filler material such as kaolin, and may beneficially contain synthetic hectorite in dispersion.In the case of application of the above described two coat system to plain untreated base paper a further treatment of the base paper with electrically conductive resin is then required.
It might be desirable to mitigate against the possibility of the electrical charging of dielectric sheet material due to the ionic properties of the synthetic hectorite when in the presence of water.
To achieve this in accordance with the invention the synthetic hectorite may be reacted with a cationic agent so as to block at least partly the ionic sites on the hectorite structure. The ionic blocking has the effect of preventing an increase in the electrical conductivity of the coating at high relative humidity and also has the effect of breaking down the colloid or gel with a consequent improvement in ease of coating.
The cationic agent may be a bifunctional cationic, a polymeric cationic, or a quaternary ammonium compound.
The reaction may be carried out stoichiometrically or alternatively an excess of the cationic agent may be used and the excess charge neutralised subsequently.
The invention will now be specifically described by means of the following examples.
Dielectric material aqueous dispersion coating compositions were prepared as follows, in which all parts are by weight.
Example 1 Parts An acrylic polymer dispersion, e.g. that sold by Ashland Chemical Company Inc. under the trade name ASHLAND DEA-015 200 Kaolin 100 Laponite (Registered Trade Mark) 4 Example 2 Polyethylene polymer dispersion 200 Titanium dioxide 80 Laponite 8 Example 3 Styrene acrylic polymeric dispersion e.g. VINACRYL 7170 (Vinyl Products Ltd.) 180 Silica pigment material 20 Laponite 5 Example 4 Polyvinyl Butyral e.g.Butvar B 76 (Monsanto Europe N.V.) 100 Water 100 Kaolin 110 Dispersant 0.5 Laponite 4 Example 5 Polyethylene pulp fibre e.g Pulpex (Solvay Cie) 10 Water 190 Kaolin 50 Laponite 4 Example 6 Polyethylene polymer particle size between 0.2-10 microns 100 Whitings 1 00 Water 200 Laponite 6 Coating compositions within the scope of the invention contain between 0.25 and 5% by weight of synthetic hectorite and preferably between 2 and 4% by weight of synthetic hectorite, on the assumption that the filler is excluded from the calculation. The proportions and nature of both the polymer and filler present may vary within wide limits governed by factors including the electrical properties of the materials, the viscosity of the composition, the behaviour of the composition under shear and so on.
The dielectric coating is applied to a base paper to give coat weights between 2 and 25 gms/m2 and preferably between 5 and 10 gms/m2.
Electrostatic imaging paper produced by coating paper with the compositions of the above Examples was tested by the normal procedures established for evaluating dielectric papers and was found to be satisfactory.

Claims (45)

Claims
1. An electrostatic imaging sheet wherein one side of the sheet is electrically conductive and the other side of the sheet has a continuous dielectric layer comprising a mixture of a smectite clay and an electrically insulating polymer.
2. An electrostatic imaging sheet according to claim 1, wherein the mixture of smectite clay and polymer comprises an inorganic filler.
3. An electrostatic imaging sheet according to claim 1 or claim 2, comprising a layer of smectite clay forming a barrier on the sheet between the electrically conductive layer and the dielectric layer.
4. An electrostatic imaging sheet wherein one side of the sheet is electrically conductive and the other side of the sheet has a layer of a smectite clay which forms a barrier between the electrically conductive layer and a dielectric layer of an insulating polymer.
5. An electrostatic imaging sheet according to any preceding claim, wherein the water dispersible smectite clay is a synthetic hectorite swelling clay.
6. An electrostatic imaging sheet according to any preceding claim, wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyalkenes, substituted polyalkenes, acrylic polymers, vinyl polymers, polystyrene, polyesters, polyvinylidene chloride, polyamides, polycarbonates, polytetrafiuornethylene, polybutadiene, co- polymers of these materials and styrene acrylic co-polymers.
7. An electrostatic imaging sheet according to claim 6, wherein the polymer is in particle form.
8. An electrostatic imaging sheet according to claim 7, wherein the particle size of the polymer is in the range 0.1 to 10 microns.
9. An electrostatic imaging sheet according to any preceding claim, wherein the sheet is paper.
1 0. An electrostatic imaging sheet according to claim 9, wherein the paper is a mechanically produced paper.
11. An electrostatic imaging sheet according to any preceding claim, wherein the sheet is rendered electrically conductive by a cationic material.
12. An electrostatic imaging sheet according to any preceding claim, wherein the water dispersible smectite clay is a synthetic hectorite which has been reacted with a cationic agent to block at least partly the ionic sites on the hectorite structure.
13. An electrostatic imaging sheet substantially as hereinbefore described.
14. A dielectric coating composition comprising a mixture of electrically insulating polymer in aqueous dispersion and a water dispersible smectite clay.
1 5. A dielectric coating composition according to claim 14, wherein the water dispersible smectite clay is a synthetic hectorite swelling clay.
1 6. A dielectric coating composition according to claim 14 or claim 15, wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyalkenes, substituted polyalkenes, acrylic polymers, vinyl polymers, polystyrene, polyesters, polyvinylidene chloride, polyamides, polycarbonates, polytetrafluoroethylene, polybutadiene, co polymers of these materials and styrene acrylic co-polymers.
1 7. A dielectric coating composition according to claim 16, wherein the polymer is in particle form.
18. A dielectric coating according to claim 17, wherein the particle size of the polymer is in the range 0.1 to 10 microns.
1 9. A dielectric coating composition according to any one of claims 1 6 to 18, wherein the polymer is in aqueous dispersion.
20. A dielectric coating composition according to any one of claims 14 to 19, comprising an inorganic filler.
21. A dielectric coating composition according to any one of claims 14 to 20, wherein the mixture of polymer and water dispersible smectite clay forms a thixotropic gel,
22. A dielectric coating composition according to any one of claims 14 to 20, wherein the mixture of polymer and water dispersible smectite clay forms a colloidal suspension.
23. A dielectric coating composition according to any one of claims 14 to 22, wherein the water dispersible smectite clay is a synthetic hectorite which has been reacted with a cationic agent to block at least partly the ionic sites on the hectorite structure.
24. A dielectric coating composition according to any one of claims 14 to 23, wherein the amount of smectite clay is in the range 0.5 to 5% by weight of the composition excluding inorganic filler.
25. A dielectric coating composition according to claim 24, wherein the amount of smectite clay is in the range 2 to 4% by weight of the composition, excluding inorganic filler.
26. A dielectric coating composition substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the Examples.
27. An electrostatic imaging sheet coated with the composition of any one of claims 14 to 26.
28. A method of coating a sheet material which comprises dispersing a mixture of an electrically insulating polymer and a water dispersible smectite clay in an aqueous system and coating the sheet material with the aqueous dispersion.
29. A method according to claim 28, wherein the mixture of polymer and water dispersible smectite clay forms a thixotropic gel.
30. A method according to claim 28, wherein the mixture of polymer and water dispersible smectite clay forms a colloidal suspension.
31. A method according to any one of claims 28 to 30, comprising coating the sheet material with an aqueous dispersion of the water dispersible smectite clay to form a physical barrier on the sheet prior to coating the sheet with the mixture of electrically insulating polymer and water dispersible smectite clay.
32. A method of coating a sheet material to produce an electrostatic imaging sheet comprising coating one side of the sheet material with an aqueous dispersion of water dispersible smectite clay to form a barrier on the sheet prior to coating the sheet with an aqueous system containing an electrically insulating polymer.
33. A method according to claim 32, wherein the aqueous system containing an electrically insulating polymer also coantains water dispersible smectite clay.
34. A method according to any one of claims 28 to 33, wherein the smectite clay is a synthetic hectorite swelling clay.
35. A method according to any one of claims 28 to 34, wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyalkenes, substituted polyalkenes, acrylic polymers, vinyl polymers, polystyrene, polyesters, polyvinylidene chloride, polyamides, polycarbonates, polytetrafluoroethylene, polybutadiene, copolymers of these materials, and styrene acrylic co-polymers.
36. A method according to claim 35, wherein the polymer is in particle form.
37. A method according to claim 35, wherein the particle size of the polymer is in the range 0.1 to 10 microns.
38. A method according to any one of claims 35 to 37, wherein the polymer is in aqueous dispersion.
39. A method according to claim 38, wherein the aqueous dispersion of polymer comprises an inorganic filler.
40. A method according to any one of claims 28 to 39, wherein the sheet material is paper.
41. A method according to claim 40, wherein the paper is a mechanically produced paper.
42. A method according to any one of claims 28 to 41, wherein the sheet material is rendered electrically conductive by the application of a cationic material.
43. A method according to any one of claims 28 to 42, wherein the water dispersible smectite clay is a synthetic hectorite and comprising the step of reacting the synthetic hectorite with a cationic agent to block at least partly the ionic sites on the hectorite structure.
44. A method of coating a sheet material substantially as hereinbefore described.
45. An electrostatic imaging sheet coated by the method of any one of claims 28 to 44.
GB7939093A 1978-11-13 1979-11-12 Electrostatic imaging sheet Expired GB2039789B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7939093A GB2039789B (en) 1978-11-13 1979-11-12 Electrostatic imaging sheet

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GB7844242 1978-11-13
GB7939093A GB2039789B (en) 1978-11-13 1979-11-12 Electrostatic imaging sheet

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GB2039789A true GB2039789A (en) 1980-08-20
GB2039789B GB2039789B (en) 1983-04-13

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2202464A (en) * 1987-03-20 1988-09-28 Ecc Int Ltd Paper coating
EP0337771A1 (en) * 1988-04-12 1989-10-18 Ecc International Limited Paper coating
US5360643A (en) * 1992-02-11 1994-11-01 International Paper Company Electrostatic recording media
US5929155A (en) * 1995-01-20 1999-07-27 Le Groupe Recherche I.D. Inc. Method and composition for providing repulpable moisture vapor barrier coating for flexible packaging
EP4183843A4 (en) * 2020-07-15 2023-11-22 Denka Company Limited Composition and cured body

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2202464A (en) * 1987-03-20 1988-09-28 Ecc Int Ltd Paper coating
EP0337771A1 (en) * 1988-04-12 1989-10-18 Ecc International Limited Paper coating
WO1989009852A1 (en) * 1988-04-12 1989-10-19 Ecc International Limited Paper coating
US5360643A (en) * 1992-02-11 1994-11-01 International Paper Company Electrostatic recording media
WO1994028465A1 (en) * 1992-02-11 1994-12-08 International Paper Company Electrostatic recording media
US5929155A (en) * 1995-01-20 1999-07-27 Le Groupe Recherche I.D. Inc. Method and composition for providing repulpable moisture vapor barrier coating for flexible packaging
EP4183843A4 (en) * 2020-07-15 2023-11-22 Denka Company Limited Composition and cured body

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Publication number Publication date
GB2039789B (en) 1983-04-13

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