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GB2026491A - A method for preparing organotin compounds. - Google Patents

A method for preparing organotin compounds. Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2026491A
GB2026491A GB7925073A GB7925073A GB2026491A GB 2026491 A GB2026491 A GB 2026491A GB 7925073 A GB7925073 A GB 7925073A GB 7925073 A GB7925073 A GB 7925073A GB 2026491 A GB2026491 A GB 2026491A
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Prior art keywords
sulphide
alkali metal
product
carbon atoms
reaction
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GB2026491B (en
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M&T Chemicals Inc
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M&T Chemicals Inc
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Priority claimed from US05/926,516 external-priority patent/US4187239A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F7/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F7/22Tin compounds
    • C07F7/226Compounds with one or more Sn-S linkages

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Organotin derivatives of mercaptoalcohol esters having the formula <IMAGE> wherein R and R' are hydrocarbon groups and m is 2 or 3, are prepared by reacting a monoorganotin trihalide in sequence with stoichiometric amounts of a base, a mercaptoalcohol, an alkali metal sulphide or disulphide and a carboxylic acid or an ester thereof.

Description

SPECIFICATION A method for preparing organotin compounds United States Patent No. 2,870,182 disclosed compounds of the general formula RnSnA4n, wherein R represents one of a specified group of hydrocarbon radicals, n is 1, 2 or 3 and A represents the residue obtained following removal of the hydrogen atom from the -SH group of a mercaptoalcohol ester. The Patent further discloses that compounds of this formula can be prepared by first reacting the mercaptoalcohol with a carboxylic acid in the presence of an esterification catalyst and subsequently reacting the resultant ester with an organotin halide or oxide or with an organostannoic acid. This method of preparation has the following disadvantages.Firstly, formation of the mercaptoalcohol ester is an equilibrium reaction which almost always requires an acidic catalyst and removal of water during the reaction to obtain a useful yield of the desired product within a reasonable period of time. The acid catalyst may promote a number of undesirable side reactions, including polymeization of the mercaptoalcohol. The polymer may contain end groups that will subsequently react with the organotin compound, with the result that the reaction product is not nearly as effective as the desired monomeric ester derivative in its intended use as a stabilizer for vinyl chloride polymers. Secondly, removal of water is required during preparation of the ester and during reaction of the ester with the organotin compound.Removal of water requires heating, which not only increases processing costs due to the additional energy input but can result in larger amounts of undesirable by-products due to side reactions. In addition, part of the mercaptoalcohol usually distils off with the water.
The present invention is based on the discovery that these disadvantages can be avoided if the mercaptoalcohol is first reacted with the organotin compound and then esterified. Reactions of organotin halides and oxides with both mercaptans and alcohols are reported in the chemical literature. One would therefore expect a mixture of products containing tin-oxygen and tin-sulphur bonds. Surprisingly, under the conditions of the method according to the invention described below only the mercaptide portion of the mercaptoalcohol reacts with the organotin compound. The hydroxyl portion of the molecule remains available for subsequent esterification with a carboxylic acid.
This invention provides a method for preparing an organotin compound of the formula
wherein each of Rand R', which latter group may contain one or more substituents, is an alkyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl or alkaryl group, and m is 2 or 3, said method comprising the following steps: 1) reacting a monoorganotin trihalide of the formula RSnX3, wherein Xis chlorine, bromine or iodine, with an aqueous solution containing a stoichiometric amount of a base selected from ammonium hydroxide and alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides, the ratio of the number of equivalent weights of base to the number of moles of monoorganotin trihalide being 1:1; 2) adding an equimolar amount, based on said monoorganotin trihalide, of 2-mercaptoethanol or 3-mercaptopropanol to the resultant mixture; 3) adding to the resulting reaction product an alkali metal sulphide or an alkali metal disulphide, the number of moles of sulphide or disulphide being equal to the number of moles of tin present in said reaction product; 4) removing the aqueous phase of the reaction mixture; and 5) reacting the product of step 3) with an equimolar amount, based on said monoorganotin trihalide, of a carboxylic acid, R'COOH, or an ester R'COOR" wherein R" is an alkyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
In carrying out the first step of the method, all of the base can be added initially to react with the organotin halide. Alternatively, most of the base, usually about 90% of the total, may be added initially and the remainder is added following addition of the alkali metal sulphide. The term "stoichiometric amount" used herein means one mole of a monofunctional base, such as sodium hydroxide, and 0.5 mole of a difunctional base, such as calcium hydroxide, for each mole of monoorganotin trihalide.
When R is an alkyl group it may, for example, be methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or iso-propyl. Examples of suitable cycloalkyl groups are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl and cyclooctyl. When R is aryl it is preferably phenyl but may also be naphthyl, anthrecenyl or biphenyl. Examples of suitable aralkyl radicals are benzyl and p-phenylethyl. Examples of suitable alkaryl groups are tolyl, xylyl and other alkyl-substituted phenyl radicals.
The reaction between the halogen atoms of the organotin halide and the base is rapid at ambient temperature and often highly exothermic. The addition of the organotin halide should therefore be gradual and the reaction mixture should be simultaneously stirred and cooled to prevent localised overheating. It may be desirable to continue stirring the reaction mixture after all of the organotin halide has been added in order to improve heat transfer and increase the rate of cooling. The resultant solution of an organotin hydroxy-halide is then reacted with the mercaptoalcohol. The rate of this reaction is considerably slower than the rate at which the initial organotin halide reacts with a base. It may therefore be desirable to maintain the mixture at a temperature from 40 to 1 00 C. to complete the reaction in a reasonable length of time, usually 5 to 60 minutes.The number of moles of mercaptoalcohol added is equal to the number of equivalent weights of base employed in the initial step of the method.
When the reaction of the organotin compound with the mercaptoalcohol is completed, the resultant mixture is combined with one mole of an alkali metal sulphide for every mole of tin present in the reaction mixture when the final product contains 2 sulphur atoms per molecule. When the product contains 3 sulphur atoms an equimolar amount of an alkali metal sulphide is employed. The sulphide can be formed by reacting equimolar amounts of the corresponding alkali metal sulphide and elemental sulphur. Preferably the sulphide or disulphide is added to the organotin component gradually, since the reaction may be exothermic. The sulphide or sulphide can be added as a solid or in an aqueous solution. Any base not added during the initial hydrolysis of the halide is added at this time.
Following the completion of the addition of sulphide the mercaptoalcohol residue is esterified by addition of an equimolar amount of the desired carboxylic acid or ester. R' may contain one or more substituents such as halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy and nitro groups. In contrast to conventional esterification reactions, a stoichiometric excess of carboxylic acid is not required, nor is it necessary to add a catalyst. Octanoic acid, also known as caprylic acid, is preferred because products prepared using this acid do not have the disagreeable odour which characterises this class of organotin compounds. Another suitable acid is pelargonic acid. When an ester of the acid is employed, the alcohol residue preferably contains 1 to 4 carbons to facilitate removal of the alcohol by distillation during the transesterification reaction.In those instances when the final organotin compound is intended for use as a stabilizer for a halogenated polymer, such as polyvinyl chloride, it may be desirable to employ an alcohol of higher molecular weight containing from 12 to 20 carbon atoms as the alcohol component of the ester. In this instance the alcohol R"OH will not be removed during the transesterification but is isolated together with the final organotin product. The alcohol serves as a lubricant or processing acid in the stabilized halogenated polymer composition.
Once the acid or ester has been added, the aqueous phase of the reaction mixture is removed and discarded. Following removal of the aqueous phase, the reaction mixture is heated to 100-1800C. to effect the esterification or transesterification reaction. When the by-product is water or a volatile alcohol boiling below 120 C., the by-product may be continuously removed during the reaction by use of a distillation apparatus.
To minimize overheating and the accompanying decomposition of the product the last of the water is preferably removed under a reduced pressure equivalent to 10-100 mm. of mercury. Once all of the water or alcohol has been removed the final liquid organotin compound remains in the reaction vessel. It may be necessary to filter the product to remove small amounts of solid materials.
The products obtained by the method according to the invention are particularly effective heat stabilizers for vinyl chloride polymers and other halogen-containing polymers of high moleclarweight. The compounds are employed for this purpose at the conventional concentration of 0.1 to 10% by weight Organotin derivatives of mercaptoalcohol esters may also be used as antioxidants for a variety of materials.
EXAMPLE- Preparation of monobutyltin-2-mercaptoethyl-caprylate sulphide.
A reaction vessel was charged with 141.1 g (0.5 mole) of monobutyltin trichloride and 150 ce water and 29.0 g (0.5 mole) of ammonium hydroxide were gradually added to the resulting solution at a rate sufficient to maintain the temperature of the reaction mixture at or below 60"C. without external cooling of the reactor.
Stirring of the reaction mixture was continued for five minutes following completion of the addition of ammonium hydroxide, 39.85 g (0.5 mole) of 2-mercaptoethanol were then added and the contents of the reactor were stirred and heated to a temperature of 60"C. for 1/2 hour.The reaction mixture was then allowed to cool to 40"C. and 65.0 g (0.5 mole) of solid sodium sulphide were added at a rate such that the temperature of the reaction mixture did not exceed 60"C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 20 minutes following completion of the addition and the temperature was maintained at 60"C. using external heating. 79.12 g (0.5 mole) of methyl caprylate were then added and the contents of the reactor were stirred for ten minutes and the aqueous phase of the reaction mixture was then removed and discarded. The organic phase was heated at 140"C. under a nitrogen atmosphere using a distillaton apparatus until the evolution of methanol ceased.
The reaction mixture was then cooled and filtered to yield relatively pure monobutyltin-2mercaptoethylcaprylate sulphide. This compound did not have the offensive odour characteristic of monoorganotin or diorganotin derivatives of mercaptoethanol esters. An unpleasant odour characterises analagous compounds obtained when the aforementioned n-octanoic acid ester is replaced by the oleic ester of 2-mercaptoethanol. This difference in odour is also true for the corresponding methyltin derivatives.
These compounds may be prepared by using methyltin trichloride in place of butyltin trichloride.

Claims (12)

CLAIMS:
1. A method for preparing an organotin compound of the formula
wherein each of Rand R', which latter group may contain one or more substituents, is an alkyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryyl or alkaryl group, and m is 2 or 3, said method comprising the following steps: 1) reacting a monoorganotin trihalide of the formula RSnX3, wherein Xis chlorine, bromine or iodine, with an aqueous solution containing a stoichiometric amount of a base selected from ammonium hydroxide and alkali metal and lakaline earth metal hydroxides, the ratio of the number of equivalent weights of base to the number of moles of monoorganotin trihalide being 1:1; 2) adding an equimolar amount, based on said monoorganotin trihalide, of 2-mercaptoethanol or 3-mercaptopropanol to the resulting mixture; 3) adding to the resulting reaction product an alkali metal sulphide or an alkali metal disulphide, the number of moles of sulphide or sulphide being equal to the number of moles of tin present in said reaction product; 4) removing the aqueous phase of the reaction mixture; and 5) reacting the product of step 3) with an equimolar amount, based on said monoorganotin trihalide, of a carboxylic acid, R'COOH, or an ester R'COOR" wherein R" is an alkyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
2. A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein each of Rand R' is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
3. A method as claimed in Claim 2, wherein R is butyl.
4. A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the carboxylic acid is caprylic acid or pelargonic acid.
5. A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein m is 2.
6. A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein Xis chlorine.
7. A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the base reacted with the organotin halide is ammonium hydroxide.
8. A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the alkali metal sulphide is sodium sulphide.
9. A method as claimed in Claim 1, werein R" contains from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
10. A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the alkali metal sulphide is formed by reacting equimolar amounts of the corresponding alkali metal sulphide and elemental sulphur.
11. A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the product of step 3 is reacted with a carboxylic acid ester R'COOR" and the alcohol R"OH formed as a by-product of the reaction is removed by distillation prior to isolating the organotin compound.
12. A method as claimed in Claim 1, substantially as described herein with reference to the foregoing Example.
GB7925073A 1978-07-20 1979-07-18 Method for preparing organotin compounds Expired GB2026491B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/926,516 US4187239A (en) 1976-11-02 1978-07-20 Method for preparing organotin compounds

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GB2026491A true GB2026491A (en) 1980-02-06
GB2026491B GB2026491B (en) 1983-04-27

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JP (1) JPS6033398B2 (en)
BE (1) BE877802R (en)
DE (1) DE2928679A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2431502A2 (en)
GB (1) GB2026491B (en)
IT (1) IT1188758B (en)
NL (1) NL7905659A (en)
PL (1) PL117187B1 (en)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3697566A (en) * 1968-11-30 1972-10-10 Kyodo Chem Co Ltd Novel organo-tin compounds
CA1052804A (en) * 1974-03-08 1979-04-17 Kenneth R. Molt Organotin mercaptide process
US4104292A (en) * 1976-11-02 1978-08-01 M&T Chemicals Inc. Method for preparing organotin compounds
US4124618A (en) * 1976-11-02 1978-11-07 M&T Chemicals Inc. Method for preparing bis(organotin mercaptoalkanol ester) sulfides

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FR2431502B2 (en) 1983-12-23
DE2928679A1 (en) 1980-02-07
BE877802R (en) 1980-01-21
PL217217A3 (en) 1980-04-21
FR2431502A2 (en) 1980-02-15
GB2026491B (en) 1983-04-27
IT7909491A0 (en) 1979-07-19
PL117187B1 (en) 1981-07-31
JPS6033398B2 (en) 1985-08-02
IT1188758B (en) 1988-01-28
NL7905659A (en) 1980-01-22
JPS5519263A (en) 1980-02-09
DE2928679C2 (en) 1989-01-19

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