GB1577830A - Titanium chromium hydrides - Google Patents
Titanium chromium hydrides Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1577830A GB1577830A GB18151/78A GB1815178A GB1577830A GB 1577830 A GB1577830 A GB 1577830A GB 18151/78 A GB18151/78 A GB 18151/78A GB 1815178 A GB1815178 A GB 1815178A GB 1577830 A GB1577830 A GB 1577830A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- hydride
- pressure
- reactor
- hydrides
- range
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- -1 Titanium chromium hydrides Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 5
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 47
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004845 hydriding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010943 off-gassing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IXQWNVPHFNLUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Fe] IXQWNVPHFNLUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B6/00—Hydrides of metals including fully or partially hydrided metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds ; Compounds containing at least one metal-hydrogen bond, e.g. (GeH3)2S, SiH GeH; Monoborane or diborane; Addition complexes thereof
- C01B6/24—Hydrides containing at least two metals; Addition complexes thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Description
(54) TITANIUM CHROMIUM HYDRIDES
(71) We, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT
of ENERGY, Washington, District of Columbia 20545, United States of America, a duly constituted department of the Government of the United States of America, established by the Department of Energy Organization Act of 1977 (Public Law 95-91), do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that patent may be granted to us and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:
Hydrogen is a potential fuel for various types of power sources, such as fuel cells, internal combustion engines, gas turbines, etc. It has two great advantages over fossil fuels, it is essentially nonpolluting and it can be produced using several all but inexhaustible energy sources, i.e., solar, nuclear and geothermal.However, a major problem is the difficulty encountered in its storage and bulk transport. Conventional storage methods, i.e., compression and liquefaction, do not appear to be practical in this context.
A possible solution to the problem lies in
the use of a metal hydride as a hydrogen storage medium. A variety of metal alloys have been developed which are capable of
storing and releasing hydrogen under controlled conditions, such as iron-titanium
alloys disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,508,414
and 3,516,263. U.S. Patent No. 3,922,872
describes a ternary alloy of iron, titanium, and manganese which is capable of storing
even greater amounts of hydrogen.
There has been increasing interest in the
possible application of hydrides for auto
mobile use, it being well known that hydrogen either alone or in combination with
hydrocarbon fuels could be employed in
internal combustion engines.
One drawback in the possible use of
hydrides heretofore known in automobile
use is in the wide range of temperatures
that the car is subject to so that a hydride
must be capable of releasing, for example, its hydrogen at a controlled rate at temp
eratures below zero degrees C.
It has been discovered that certain alloys will form hydrides having the unusual characteristics of being able to release hydrogen under high pressure at relatively very low temperatures, even below zero degrees C. In other words, such a hydride is potentially useful for use in an automobile as a source of fuel in view of the low starting temperatures frequently encountered.
Other possible uses for hydrides having the characteristics described above include thermal storage as part of a home heating and cooling heat pump system where the storage medium can be stored outside. In such a system where hydrogen can be absorbed at zero "C and de
sorbed at a higher temperature, such as 50"C, it can be readily seen that integration with a
solar source of heat is entirely possible.
In accordance with one embodiment of this invention there is provided a hydride having the chemical composition TiCr2 Hx where x is in the range of from 0.6 to 4.0.
A hydride produced in accordance with the principles of this invention is capable of sorbing or desorbing hydrogen at temperatures as low as -78 C, an obvious advantage in certain situations where previously known hydrides could not function.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention some of the chromium is replaced by manganese to produce a more stable hydride having a lower decomposition pressure. Such a hydride has the chemical composition TiCr2 y Mny Hz where y is a number in the range of from 0.5 to 1.5 and z is in the range of from 0.6 to 4.0.
In the accompanying drawing:
Figure 1 shows pressure composition isotherms for specific hydrides covered by this invention.
Figure 2 shows a comparison of such isotherms for a hydride in which some of the chromium is replaced by manganese with a hydride without such replacement.
A hydride in accordance with this invention may be prepared by melting granules of Ti and Cr in the proper weight ratio in an arc furnace forming an intermetallic compound. The compound is then cooled to solidification and to ambient temperature and then is broken up into granules. The granules are put into a reactor which is then outgassed and heated to a temperature below melting to remove or reduce the presence of unwanted gases. The reactor is then exposed to hydrogen gas at a high pressure followed by cooling the reactor to a desired low temperature while maintaining the high pressure with H2. This condition is maintained until the desired degree of hydriding is obtained.
To dehydride the hydride, the reactor is vented while maintaining the low temperature.
EXAMPLES
Ten grams consisting of about one-third titanium and the remainder were melted together in an arc furnace. The intermetallic compound was cooled to solidification down to room temperature. It was then broken up into granular form.
The granulated compound was put into a reactor consisting of a stainless steel container and all gases reduced or removed by heating and outgassing. After cooling back to atmospheric pressure, the reactor was exposed to H2 at 60 atmospheres pressure.
The container was cooled to -78 C while maintaining the initial pressure by supplying hydrogen periodically. This procedure was followed until hydriding was complete by the constancy of H2 pressure.
The properties of the hydride formed are shown by the pressure composition isotherms in Figure 1.
One of the advantages of this hydride is evident from studying the isotherms. By raising the temperature from -780C to -40 C, for example, when the hydride composition corresponds to the plateau region the pressure increases from 2 to 15 atmos- pheres, in effect using the hydride as a pump to raise the pressure of the hydrogen.
It is also evident from the curves that the temperature-pressure relationships are in the range where, the hydride could be useful in a liquefaction or refrigeration system.
It has been found that the characteristics of these hydrides can be altered somewhat by replacing some of the chromium with manganese so that the chemical composition of the hydride takes the form TiCr2 yHz where y is in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 and typically about one and z is from 0.6 to 40. Additions of the manganese make the hydride more stable and lowers the equilibrium pressure.
The hydrides are prepared as previously described for the titanium chromium hydrides
For comparison, typical isotherms for hydrides of TiCr2 and TiCrMn are shown in
Figure 2, illustrating this alternation in characteristics.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A hydride having the chemical composition TiCr2 Hx where x is in the range of from 0.6 to 4.0.
2. A hydride as claimed in claim 1, substantially as hereinbefore described, illustrated and exemplified.
3. A hydride having the chemical composition TiCr2 yMnyHz where y is a number in the range of from 0.5 to 1.5 and z is in the range of from 0.6 to 4.0.
4. A hydride as claimed in claim 3, in which y is about 1.0
5. A hydride as claimed in claim 3 or 4 substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (5)
1. A hydride having the chemical composition TiCr2 Hx where x is in the range of from 0.6 to 4.0.
2. A hydride as claimed in claim 1, substantially as hereinbefore described, illustrated and exemplified.
3. A hydride having the chemical composition TiCr2 yMnyHz where y is a number in the range of from 0.5 to 1.5 and z is in the range of from 0.6 to 4.0.
4. A hydride as claimed in claim 3, in which y is about 1.0
5. A hydride as claimed in claim 3 or 4 substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US80419977A | 1977-06-06 | 1977-06-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1577830A true GB1577830A (en) | 1980-10-29 |
Family
ID=25188405
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB18151/78A Expired GB1577830A (en) | 1977-06-06 | 1978-05-08 | Titanium chromium hydrides |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB1577830A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5100615A (en) * | 1989-09-11 | 1992-03-31 | Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology | Alloys of Ti-Cr-Cu for occluding hydrogen |
| RU2208573C1 (en) * | 2002-01-23 | 2003-07-20 | Институт структурной макрокинетики и проблем материаловедения РАН | Titanium hydride production process |
| US9376316B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2016-06-28 | USW Commercial Services Ltd. | Metal hydrides and their use in hydrogen storage applications |
| US9739423B2 (en) | 2014-06-13 | 2017-08-22 | University Of South Wales Commercial Services Ltd. | Synthesis and hydrogen storage properties of novel metal hydrides |
| US9960441B2 (en) | 2013-06-14 | 2018-05-01 | University Of South Wales Commercial Services Ltd. | Synthesis and hydrogen storage properties of novel manganese hydrides |
-
1978
- 1978-05-08 GB GB18151/78A patent/GB1577830A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5100615A (en) * | 1989-09-11 | 1992-03-31 | Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology | Alloys of Ti-Cr-Cu for occluding hydrogen |
| RU2208573C1 (en) * | 2002-01-23 | 2003-07-20 | Институт структурной макрокинетики и проблем материаловедения РАН | Titanium hydride production process |
| US9376316B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2016-06-28 | USW Commercial Services Ltd. | Metal hydrides and their use in hydrogen storage applications |
| US10974961B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2021-04-13 | USW Commercial Services, Ltd. | Metal hydrides and their use in hydrogen storage applications |
| US11851327B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2023-12-26 | USW Commercial Services Ltd. | Metal hydrides and their use in hydrogen storage applications |
| US9960441B2 (en) | 2013-06-14 | 2018-05-01 | University Of South Wales Commercial Services Ltd. | Synthesis and hydrogen storage properties of novel manganese hydrides |
| US10622655B2 (en) | 2013-06-14 | 2020-04-14 | Usw Commercial Services Ltd | Synthesis and hydrogen storage properties of novel manganese hydrides |
| US9739423B2 (en) | 2014-06-13 | 2017-08-22 | University Of South Wales Commercial Services Ltd. | Synthesis and hydrogen storage properties of novel metal hydrides |
| US10465852B2 (en) | 2014-06-13 | 2019-11-05 | USW Commercial Services Ltd. | Synthesis and hydrogen storage properties of novel metal hydrides |
| US11421826B2 (en) | 2014-06-13 | 2022-08-23 | USW Commercial Services, Ltd. | Synthesis and hydrogen storage properties of novel metal hydrides |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| CSNS | Application of which complete specification have been accepted and published, but patent is not sealed |