GB1093185A - Improvements in or relating to electrolytic cells and cathodic structures therefor - Google Patents
Improvements in or relating to electrolytic cells and cathodic structures thereforInfo
- Publication number
- GB1093185A GB1093185A GB46969/64A GB4696964A GB1093185A GB 1093185 A GB1093185 A GB 1093185A GB 46969/64 A GB46969/64 A GB 46969/64A GB 4696964 A GB4696964 A GB 4696964A GB 1093185 A GB1093185 A GB 1093185A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- molten
- carbon
- cell
- aluminium
- carbides
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 4
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011233 carbonaceous binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
Abstract
An electrolytic cell for producing aluminium comprises a shell 18 defining a receptacle, at least one anode 36 e.g. of carbon and a catholic structure 30 disposed within the receptacle e.g. on a carbon bottom 26 and intended to be exposed to molten cell constituents 33, e.g. molten cryolite with dissolved alumina and other materials such as fluorspar, the structure including at least one drained molten-constituent contacting surface 27 formed from a mixture wettable by molten aluminium, having a cathodic expansion <PICT:1093185/C6-C7/1> of less than 3% and comprising at least 5% "free" carbon with a refractory hard substance selected from the carbides, borides, silicides and nitrides of the transition metals in the 4th to 6th Groups of the Periodic System of elements (excluding Cr), particularly the borides and/or carbides of Ti and/or Zr e.g. 70% TiB2 and 30% TiC, with or without one or more of aluminium borides, nitrides and carbides, and compounds of rare earth metals and Cr. The "free" carbon may be provided by petroleum coke or other carbonaceous material calcined at least 1500 DEG C. The above mixture, to which may be added oxides such as TiO2, ZrO2 and 10-20% carbonaceous binder, may be baked e.g. at 900-1800 DEG C. either in situ in the cell or after shaping to provide a sloping surface and prior to disposing in the cell. A molten aluminium collecting well 32 may be included in the receptacle.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US325228A US3400061A (en) | 1963-11-21 | 1963-11-21 | Electrolytic cell for production of aluminum and method of making the same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1093185A true GB1093185A (en) | 1967-11-29 |
Family
ID=23266974
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB46969/64A Expired GB1093185A (en) | 1963-11-21 | 1964-11-18 | Improvements in or relating to electrolytic cells and cathodic structures therefor |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3400061A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT259886B (en) |
| CH (1) | CH444498A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1251962B (en) |
| ES (1) | ES306248A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1093185A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO117661B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2159538A (en) * | 1984-05-29 | 1985-12-04 | Pechiney Aluminium | A carbonaceous anode with partially constricted round bars designed for cells for the production of aluminium by electrolysis |
| CN114040997A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2022-02-11 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Electrolytic smelting furnace |
Families Citing this family (67)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL129768C (en) * | 1965-01-06 | |||
| US3471380A (en) * | 1966-10-25 | 1969-10-07 | Reynolds Metals Co | Method of treating cathode surfaces in alumina reduction cells |
| US3661736A (en) * | 1969-05-07 | 1972-05-09 | Olin Mathieson | Refractory hard metal composite cathode aluminum reduction cell |
| US4046650A (en) * | 1970-03-16 | 1977-09-06 | Sumitomo Aluminum Smelting Co., Ltd. | Carbon block for cathodes of aluminum |
| CH576005A5 (en) * | 1972-03-21 | 1976-05-31 | Alusuisse | |
| US3909375A (en) * | 1972-04-17 | 1975-09-30 | Conzinc Riotinto Ltd | Electrolytic process for the production of metals in molten halide systems |
| US4071420A (en) * | 1975-12-31 | 1978-01-31 | Aluminum Company Of America | Electrolytic production of metal |
| US4219391A (en) * | 1976-08-25 | 1980-08-26 | Aluminum Company Of America | Electrolytic production of metal |
| US4297180A (en) * | 1976-08-25 | 1981-10-27 | Aluminum Company Of America | Electrolytic production of metal |
| US4093524A (en) * | 1976-12-10 | 1978-06-06 | Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation | Bonding of refractory hard metal |
| US4338177A (en) * | 1978-09-22 | 1982-07-06 | Metallurgical, Inc. | Electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum |
| US4181583A (en) * | 1978-12-06 | 1980-01-01 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method for heating electrolytic cell |
| US4353885A (en) * | 1979-02-12 | 1982-10-12 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Titanium diboride article and method for preparing same |
| NO800093L (en) * | 1979-02-26 | 1980-08-27 | Aluminum Co Of America | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF ALUMINUM BY ELECTROLYSE OF ALUMINUM HALOGENIDE |
| US4333813A (en) * | 1980-03-03 | 1982-06-08 | Reynolds Metals Company | Cathodes for alumina reduction cells |
| CH644406A5 (en) * | 1980-04-03 | 1984-07-31 | Alusuisse | MELT FLOW ELECTROLYSIS CELL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALUMINUM. |
| US4349427A (en) * | 1980-06-23 | 1982-09-14 | Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation | Aluminum reduction cell electrode |
| US4308114A (en) * | 1980-07-21 | 1981-12-29 | Aluminum Company Of America | Electrolytic production of aluminum using a composite cathode |
| US4396482A (en) * | 1980-07-21 | 1983-08-02 | Aluminum Company Of America | Composite cathode |
| US4308113A (en) * | 1980-07-21 | 1981-12-29 | Aluminum Company Of America | Process for producing aluminum using graphite electrodes having reduced wear rates |
| US4308115A (en) * | 1980-08-15 | 1981-12-29 | Aluminum Company Of America | Method of producing aluminum using graphite cathode coated with refractory hard metal |
| US4376029A (en) * | 1980-09-11 | 1983-03-08 | Great Lakes Carbon Corporation | Titanium diboride-graphite composits |
| US4439382A (en) * | 1981-07-27 | 1984-03-27 | Great Lakes Carbon Corporation | Titanium diboride-graphite composites |
| US4465581A (en) * | 1981-07-27 | 1984-08-14 | Great Lakes Carbon Corporation | Composite of TiB2 -graphite |
| WO1983000325A1 (en) * | 1981-07-27 | 1983-02-03 | Great Lakes Carbon Corp | Sintered refractory hard metals |
| US4377463A (en) * | 1981-07-27 | 1983-03-22 | Great Lakes Carbon Corporation | Controlled atmosphere processing of TiB2 /carbon composites |
| BR8207804A (en) * | 1981-07-27 | 1983-07-19 | Great Lakes Carbon Corp | TIB2-GRAPHITE COMPOSITE |
| DE3373115D1 (en) * | 1982-05-28 | 1987-09-24 | Alcan Int Ltd | Improvements in electrolytic reduction cells for aluminium production |
| US4526911A (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1985-07-02 | Martin Marietta Aluminum Inc. | Aluminum cell cathode coating composition |
| WO1984000565A1 (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1984-02-16 | Martin Marietta Corp | Aluminum cathode coating cure cycle |
| US4466996A (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1984-08-21 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Aluminum cell cathode coating method |
| US4544469A (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1985-10-01 | Commonwealth Aluminum Corporation | Aluminum cell having aluminum wettable cathode surface |
| CA1256232A (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1989-06-20 | Larry G. Boxall | Cell for the electrolytic production of aluminum |
| DE3375030D1 (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1988-02-04 | Commw Aluminium Corp | Improved cell for electrolytic production of aluminum |
| US4624766A (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1986-11-25 | Commonwealth Aluminum Corporation | Aluminum wettable cathode material for use in aluminum reduction cell |
| US4466995A (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1984-08-21 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Control of ledge formation in aluminum cell operation |
| US4481052A (en) * | 1983-01-28 | 1984-11-06 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Method of making refractory hard metal containing tiles for aluminum cell cathodes |
| US4602990A (en) * | 1983-02-17 | 1986-07-29 | Commonwealth Aluminum Corporation | Low energy aluminum reduction cell with induced bath flow |
| US4582553A (en) * | 1984-02-03 | 1986-04-15 | Commonwealth Aluminum Corporation | Process for manufacture of refractory hard metal containing plates for aluminum cell cathodes |
| US4617053A (en) * | 1985-09-20 | 1986-10-14 | Great Lakes Carbon Corporation | Metal reinforced porous refractory hard metal bodies |
| US5028301A (en) * | 1989-01-09 | 1991-07-02 | Townsend Douglas W | Supersaturation plating of aluminum wettable cathode coatings during aluminum smelting in drained cathode cells |
| US5227045A (en) * | 1989-01-09 | 1993-07-13 | Townsend Douglas W | Supersaturation coating of cathode substrate |
| US6001236A (en) * | 1992-04-01 | 1999-12-14 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Application of refractory borides to protect carbon-containing components of aluminium production cells |
| US5310476A (en) * | 1992-04-01 | 1994-05-10 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Application of refractory protective coatings, particularly on the surface of electrolytic cell components |
| US5651874A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1997-07-29 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Method for production of aluminum utilizing protected carbon-containing components |
| US5534130A (en) * | 1994-06-07 | 1996-07-09 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Application of phosphates of aluminum to carbonaceous components of aluminum production cells |
| AU688098B2 (en) * | 1994-09-08 | 1998-03-05 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Aluminium electrowinning cell with improved carbon cathode blocks |
| US5618403A (en) * | 1995-08-07 | 1997-04-08 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Maintaining protective surfaces on carbon cathodes in aluminium electrowinning cells |
| US5728466A (en) * | 1995-08-07 | 1998-03-17 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Hard and abrasion resistant surfaces protecting cathode blocks of aluminium electrowinning cells |
| US5753163A (en) * | 1995-08-28 | 1998-05-19 | Moltech. Invent S.A. | Production of bodies of refractory borides |
| DE19714432C2 (en) * | 1997-04-08 | 2000-07-13 | Aventis Res & Tech Gmbh & Co | Carrier body with a protective coating and use of the coated carrier body |
| EP0996773B1 (en) * | 1997-07-08 | 2007-06-20 | MOLTECH Invent S.A. | A drained cathode cell for the production of aluminium |
| US5961811A (en) * | 1997-10-02 | 1999-10-05 | Emec Consultants | Potlining to enhance cell performance in aluminum production |
| EP1062382B1 (en) * | 1998-02-11 | 2006-05-17 | MOLTECH Invent S.A. | Distribution of alumina-rich electrolyte in aluminium electrowinning cells |
| US6258246B1 (en) * | 1998-05-19 | 2001-07-10 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Aluminium electrowinning cell with sidewalls resistant to molten electrolyte |
| EP1141446B1 (en) | 1998-11-17 | 2003-06-04 | Alcan International Limited | Wettable and erosion/oxidation-resistant carbon-composite materials |
| CA2369450A1 (en) * | 1999-04-16 | 2000-10-26 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Aluminium electrowinning cells having a v-shaped cathode bottom |
| US6511590B1 (en) | 2000-10-10 | 2003-01-28 | Alcoa Inc. | Alumina distribution in electrolysis cells including inert anodes using bubble-driven bath circulation |
| US6616829B2 (en) | 2001-04-13 | 2003-09-09 | Emec Consultants | Carbonaceous cathode with enhanced wettability for aluminum production |
| DE60201534T2 (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2005-10-20 | Moltech Invent S.A. | ELECTROLYSIS CELLS FOR ALUMINUM PREPARATION WITH DRAINED CATHODE FLOOR AND A RESERVOIR FOR ALUMINUM |
| US6863788B2 (en) * | 2002-07-29 | 2005-03-08 | Alcoa Inc. | Interlocking wettable ceramic tiles |
| US20040163967A1 (en) * | 2003-02-20 | 2004-08-26 | Lacamera Alfred F. | Inert anode designs for reduced operating voltage of aluminum production cells |
| US8142749B2 (en) * | 2008-11-17 | 2012-03-27 | Kennametal Inc. | Readily-densified titanium diboride and process for making same |
| EP2459775B1 (en) | 2009-07-28 | 2018-09-05 | Alcoa USA Corp. | Composition for making wettable cathode in aluminum smelting |
| RU2418888C2 (en) * | 2009-08-12 | 2011-05-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Объединенная Компания РУСАЛ Инженерно-технологический центр" (ООО "РУСАЛ ИТЦ") | Manufacturing method of cathode of vertical electrolysis unit for aluminium manufacture |
| JP5554117B2 (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2014-07-23 | 日本電極株式会社 | Cathode carbon block for aluminum refining and method for producing the same |
| RU2614357C2 (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2017-03-24 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Объединенная Компания РУСАЛ Инженерно-технологический центр" | Lining method for cathode assembly of electrolyzer for primary aluminium production (versions) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2480474A (en) * | 1945-12-14 | 1949-08-30 | Reynolds Metals Co | Method of producing aluminum |
| US2636856A (en) * | 1948-06-29 | 1953-04-28 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Electrode for electrochemical oxidation |
| US3202600A (en) * | 1951-05-04 | 1965-08-24 | British Aluminium Co Ltd | Current conducting element for aluminum reduction cells |
| US3011982A (en) * | 1959-02-04 | 1961-12-05 | Aluminum Co Of America | Refractory and method of making the same |
-
0
- DE DENDAT1251962D patent/DE1251962B/en active Pending
-
1963
- 1963-11-21 US US325228A patent/US3400061A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1964
- 1964-11-18 GB GB46969/64A patent/GB1093185A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-11-19 NO NO155640A patent/NO117661B/no unknown
- 1964-11-20 CH CH1497264A patent/CH444498A/en unknown
- 1964-11-20 AT AT980864A patent/AT259886B/en active
- 1964-11-20 ES ES0306248A patent/ES306248A1/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2159538A (en) * | 1984-05-29 | 1985-12-04 | Pechiney Aluminium | A carbonaceous anode with partially constricted round bars designed for cells for the production of aluminium by electrolysis |
| CN114040997A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2022-02-11 | 三菱重工业株式会社 | Electrolytic smelting furnace |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1251962B (en) | 1967-10-12 |
| US3400061A (en) | 1968-09-03 |
| ES306248A1 (en) | 1965-07-01 |
| AT259886B (en) | 1968-02-12 |
| CH444498A (en) | 1967-09-30 |
| NO117661B (en) | 1969-09-08 |
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