FR3151239A1 - Tooling for molding of revolution parts with circumferential compaction from the internal face of a preform - Google Patents

Abstract

Tooling for molding revolution parts with circumferential compaction from the inner face of a preform The mold (10) comprises a base (30), an annular belt (40), a cover and a core (50) comprising a central wedge (60) and a set of removable guide wedges (70) and closing wedges (80) each forming a sector of an annular disk. The central wedge (60) has an inclined outer radial face which widens downwards and the removable wedges each have an inclined ramp of a shape complementary to said inclined face and intended to come to bear against it. A preform (20) is compacted between the outer radial face of the removable wedges (30, 40) and the inner radial face of the belt. The core (50) comprises n guide wedges (70) and n closing wedges (80), with n ≥ 2, each closing wedge (80) being located between two closing guide wedges (80). The mold also comprises a device for radially immobilizing the removable wedges. Figure to be published with the abstract: Figure 3

Description

Tooling for molding of revolution parts with circumferential compaction from the internal face of a preform TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The technical field of the invention is that of the molding of revolution parts in composite material by resin transfer.

The present invention relates to a tool for molding such parts and comprising a base, a cover and a set of shims providing compacting support on a preform positioned inside a belt and intended to be impregnated with resin.

TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

For resin transfer molding, it is known to use a mold comprising a central core and a peripheral belt positioned on a base. When the mold is closed by a cover, the belt and the core delimit a hollow molding volume in which a preform can be impregnated with resin.

The preform is usually formed of fibers and needs to be compacted before resin injection.

When molding revolution parts, circumferential compaction of the preform can be carried out from its internal face. In this case, the core is usually composed of several shims which are placed against each other by sliding them radially and horizontally in the plane of the base, compacting the preform locally each time. When a shim is placed in this way, it comes into contact with the preform before coming into contact with the adjacent shim(s), which can cause the preform to be pinched between the shims and/or the shims to fold or crease the preform.

Before injecting the resin into the mold, however, it is necessary to ensure that the preform is neither creased, folded nor stuck by the shims.

There is therefore a need for a mold capable of carrying out circumferential compaction from the internal face of a preform and which is not likely to cause pinching of the preform while also ensuring that the preform is neither creased nor folded by the shims.

The invention provides a solution to the problems mentioned above by providing a mold comprising two types of shims to be placed in a defined order so that when a shim is placed between two others, it first comes into contact with them before coming to bear on the preform. These shims are placed radially for radial compaction from the inside to the outside. They can also be placed at an angle from the top of the mold for radial compaction from the inside to the outside and axial compaction from the top to the bottom.

• le noyau comprend une cale centrale et un ensemble de cales de guidage et de cales de fermeture amovibles formant chacune un secteur d’un disque annulaire sur l’axe Y-Y’ ;
• les cales de guidage et les cales de fermeture présentent chacune deux faces latérales prévues au niveau de l’interface située entre une cale de guidage et une cale de fermeture adjacentes ;
• la cale centrale présente une face inférieure, et une face radiale externe inclinée qui s’évase en direction de la face inférieure ;
• les cales de guidage et les cales de fermeture présentent chacune une rampe inclinée de forme complémentaire à la face radiale externe inclinée ; et
• le noyau comprend n cales de guidage amovibles et n cales de fermeture amovibles, avec n ≥ 2.

One aspect of the invention relates to a mold for producing a part of revolution of axis Y-Y' by molding, comprising a base extending along a main plane P perpendicular to the axis Y-Y', an annular-shaped belt extending along a plane parallel to the plane P, a core and a cover extending along a plane parallel to the plane P, said mold being such that:

• the core comprises a central wedge and a set of guide wedges and removable closing wedges each forming a sector of an annular disc on the Y-Y'axis;
• the guide wedges and the closing wedges each have two side faces provided at the interface between an adjacent guide wedge and closing wedge;
• the central wedge has a lower face, and an inclined external radial face which flares out towards the lower face;
• the guide wedges and the closing wedges each have an inclined ramp of a shape complementary to the inclined external radial face; and
• the core comprises n removable guide wedges and n removable closing wedges, with n ≥ 2.

An initial holding and compacting of the preform is advantageously achieved by placing the guide wedges, which prevent the preform from being folded or creased. Then, placing the closing wedges between two guide wedges, with a radial movement outwards possibly combined with a vertical movement from top to bottom, makes it possible to finalize the holding and circumferential compacting of the preform. The sliding of the lateral faces of the closing wedges along the lateral faces of the adjacent guide wedges advantageously makes it possible to guide the placing of the closing wedges and to finalize the compacting of the preform without the latter being pinched between the wedges. The mold according to the invention thus allows complete forming of the preform, by circumferential compaction from its internal face, without pinching it.

Furthermore, increasing the number of shims provides two technical advantages, namely better management of expansion, because the more n increases, the more the risk of wrinkling of the preform fibers decreases, and easier handling of the shims, each being lighter. The cost of the tooling and the implementation time increase with n, we therefore optimize n by seeking a certain balance taking these positive and negative points into account.

According to one aspect of the invention, in the closed position of the mold, the belt rests on the base, the core is centered on the Y-Y' axis, the cover rests on the belt and on the core, each closing wedge is located between two guide wedges, and the inclined ramp of the guide wedges as well as the inclined ramp of the closing wedges rest against the inclined external radial face of the central wedge.

According to another aspect of the invention, the mold comprises a device for radially immobilizing the guide wedges and the closing wedges. This radial immobilizing device prevents the axial movement of said removable wedges, in particular outwards.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the radial immobilization device comprises an annular guide structure provided on an upper face of the central wedge and shaped with a complementary shape provided on a lower face of each of the guide wedges and the closing wedges. This type of radial immobilization device makes it possible in particular to index the radial position of the wedges, while allowing their introduction from above in an inclined manner.

According to another aspect of the invention, the guide structure has a triangular-shaped section. Such a shape makes it possible in particular to progressively guide the shims during their installation to their final molding position.

According to an additional aspect of the invention, in a plane parallel to the plane P, the two lateral faces of the closing wedges diverge by an angle α relative to the axis Y-Y’, α being between 0° and 5° and preferably substantially equal to 4°.

The presence of the angle α ensures permanent contact between the guide wedges and the removable closing wedges during their movement. During this movement, the cover pushes the removable closing wedges, which in turn push the removable guide wedges. Thus, during the compaction of the preform by the guide wedges and then the closing wedges, the fibers of the preform do not have the possibility of getting stuck between two adjacent wedges.

According to one aspect of the invention, in a plane perpendicular to the plane P, the two lateral faces of the closing wedges converge at an angle β towards a lower face of the closing wedges, β being between 5° and 10° and preferably substantially equal to 8°. Such an angle facilitates the introduction of the closing wedges between two guide wedges for the vertical component of their movement. This angle β is only necessary when axial compaction of the preform is desired at the same time as radial compaction.

According to another aspect of the invention, the inclined external radial face of the central wedge is circular, which in particular makes it possible to freely position and move the guide wedges around the central wedge.

According to an additional aspect of the invention, in the closed position of the mold, the lateral faces of the closing wedges are parallel to the lateral faces of the guide wedges, which in particular provides satisfactory sealing between two adjacent wedges.

According to one aspect of the invention, the lateral faces of the guide and closing wedges are flat, which in particular simplifies their design and their installation.

According to another aspect of the invention, the guide shims are identical to each other and the closing shims are identical to each other, which in particular makes it possible to reduce the manufacturing costs of the two types of shims and to make them interchangeable.

• mise en place de l’embase et de la cale centrale ;
• mise en place de la préforme ;
• mise en place de la ceinture et compactage de la préforme par une face radiale interne ;
• mise en place des cales de guidage par coulissement de la rampe inclinée des cales de guidage contre la face radiale externe inclinée de la cale centrale et compactage de la préforme entre les cales de guidage et la ceinture ;
• mise en place des cales de fermeture par coulissement de la rampe inclinée des cales de fermeture contre la face radiale externe inclinée de la cale centrale, chaque cale de fermeture étant située entre deux cales de guidage adjacentes, et compactage de la préforme entre les cales de fermeture et la ceinture ;
• mise en place du couvercle sur la ceinture et le noyau central, la ceinture et le noyau délimitant un volume creux de moulage ;
• injection de résine sous forme liquide dans le volume creux de moulage.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a molding method for producing a composite material revolution part by impregnating a preform with resin and using a mold as described above, which method comprises the following steps:

• installation of the base and the central wedge;
• setting up the preform;
• installation of the belt and compaction of the preform by an internal radial face;
• placing the guide wedges by sliding the inclined ramp of the guide wedges against the inclined external radial face of the central wedge and compacting the preform between the guide wedges and the belt;
• placing the closing wedges by sliding the inclined ramp of the closing wedges against the inclined external radial face of the central wedge, each closing wedge being located between two adjacent guide wedges, and compacting the preform between the closing wedges and the belt;
• placing the cover on the belt and the central core, the belt and the core delimiting a hollow molding volume;
• injection of liquid resin into the hollow molding volume.

The invention and its various applications will be better understood by reading the description which follows and by examining the figures which accompany it.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The figures are presented for information purposes only and in no way limit the invention.

is a perspective view of a preform and a central wedge placed on a base of a mold according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

is a view similar to , where the mold guide shims are put in place.

is a view similar to , where the mold closing wedges are put in place.

is a partial vertical sectional view illustrating the installation of a belt on a base equipped with a preform and a central wedge of a mold according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

is a view illustrating the installation of a mold guide shim on the elements of .

is a partial vertical sectional view of a complete mold according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention in the closed molding position.

is a view illustrating the installation of a closing wedge on the elements of .

is a top view of a closing wedge of a mold according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

is a view of the external radial face of the closing wedge of .

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Unless otherwise specified, the same element appearing in different figures has a single reference.

By convention, in the present application, when referring to the mold according to the invention, by upper, lower, above and below we refer to the mold as shown in the drawings. Similarly, by vertical we refer to a direction along an axis extending perpendicular to the main plane in which the base of the mold extends. In the figures, the Y-Y' axis is vertical. Finally, by inside we refer to a direction directed towards the center of the mold, by outside we refer to an opposite direction.

Similarly, the expression "closed mold position" means a configuration of a mold where all removable parts are assembled in a sealed manner around the preform, said mold being ready to receive an injection of liquid resin.

The mold 10 according to the invention makes it possible to produce a Y-Y’ axis revolution part in composite material by impregnating a preform 20 with resin.

The preform 20 shown on has , sometimes also referred to as reinforcement, usually comprises a fibrous structure, the fibers of which may be pre-impregnated.

As shown in has , the mold 10 comprises a base 30, a belt 40, a core 50 and a cover 90. In the closed position of the mold 10, the belt 40 rests on the base 30, the core 50 is centered on the axis Y-Y', and the cover 90 rests on the belt 40 and on the core 50. All these elements are preferably rigid. They are preferably made of steel, but the choice of the manufacturing material depends in particular on the expected geometric precision, the coefficient of friction between the shims 70, 80 with respect to the angles α and β to allow the movement of said shims, the conditions of transformation of the injected resin (temperature, pressure, sealing, etc.) and the expected service life of the mold.

The base 30 extends along a main plane P perpendicular to the axis Y-Y' (cf. has ). It serves in particular as a support for the other elements of the mold 10 and closes the lower part of the mold 10. It is preferably in the form of a substantially flat disk having a lower face 38 and an upper face 39.

The belt 40 is annular in shape and extends along a plane parallel to the plane P. It has a lower face 48, an upper face 49, an external radial face 44 and a circular internal radial face 45 intended to come into compacting support against the preform 20 (cf. has ). The belt 40 can be in several parts, for example in three sectors of 120° to facilitate demolding.

The core 50 is characterized in that it comprises several different shims 60, 70, 80. These shims 60, 70, 80 are preferably single-piece, as shown in has , but they can also be in several parts.

The cover 90 extends along a plane parallel to the main plane P and serves in particular to close the upper part of the mold 10. It is preferably in the form of a substantially flat disk having a lower face 98 and an upper face 99.

The core 50 comprises a central wedge 60 and a set of removable wedges comprising at least two removable guide wedges 70 and two removable closing wedges 80. The core 50 comprises as many guide wedges 70 as closing wedges 80 (cf. ).

The central wedge 60 has a lower face 68, an upper face 69 and an inclined external radial face 65, forming a sliding ramp, which widens radially outwards towards the lower face 68. The inclined external radial face 65 of the central wedge 60 is preferably circular (cf. has ).

The central wedge 60 is preferably removable. Its centering can be done in different ways, all very classic. On has , the complementary shape of central wedge 60 with the base 30 ensures its centering.

The guide shims 70 are preferably identical to each other and the closing shims 80 are preferably identical to each other.

The guide 70 and closing 80 wedges each form a sector of an annular disk. When assembled against each other, the guide 70 and closing 80 wedges form an annular disk centered on the Y-Y' axis, the circular external radial face 110 of which is intended to come into compacting support against the preform 20 (cf. has ).

The guide shims 70 and closing shims 80 each have a lower face 78, 88, an upper face 79, 89 and two lateral faces 71, 72, 81, 82, preferably flat and provided at the interface located between two adjacent removable shims 70, 80. In the closed position of the mold 10, each closing shim 80 is located between two guide shims 70 and the guide shims 70 and closing shims 80 together form the aforementioned annular disk. Within this disk, each lateral face 71, 72 of a guide shim 70 is in contact against a lateral face 82, 81 of a closing shim 80 and preferably parallel thereto.

The surface of each removable wedge 70, 80 in contact with the preform preferably covers a substantially identical sector, for example approximately 45° in the case of four guide wedges 70 and four closing wedges 80.

The guide 70 and closing 80 wedges each have an inclined ramp 75, 85 of a shape complementary to the inclined external radial face 65 and designed to slide and bear against the latter when they are placed in the mold 10 (cf. And ). This inclined portion 75, 85 is preferably provided on the lower face 78, 88 of the guide 70 and closing 80 wedges, at the level of their internal radial face 74, 84.

As can be seen on , considered in a plane parallel to the plane P, the two lateral faces 81, 82 of the closing wedges 80 diverge by an angle α relative to the axis Y-Y', α being between 0° and 5° and preferably substantially equal to 4°. This angle α meets the “radial” need for compaction.

As can be seen on , considered in a plane perpendicular to the plane P, the two lateral faces 81, 82 of the closing wedges 80 converge at an angle β towards a lower face 88 of the closing wedges 80, β being between 5° and 10° and preferably substantially equal to 8°. This angle β meets the “axial” need for compaction

The mold 10 further comprises a radial immobilization device 120 for the removable shims 70, 80 intended to prevent axial movement of the removable shims 70, 80, in particular outwards (cf. has ).

According to a preferred embodiment shown in has , the radial immobilization device 120 comprises an annular guide structure 127, in relief or in hollow, provided on the upper face 69 of the central wedge 60 and cooperating with a complementary shape 77, 87, respectively in hollow or in relief, provided on the lower face 78, 88 of each of the guide wedge 70 and closing wedge 80 (cf. ). The guide structure 127 preferably has a triangular section. In the figures, the guide structure 127 is in relief while the complementary shape 77, 87 of each removable wedge 70, 80 is hollow. The reverse is possible.

The shape of the outer radial face 110 of the annular disk formed by the guide shims 70 and closing shims 80 defines at least partially the inner shape of the part of revolution to be produced, while the shape of the inner radial face 45 of the belt 40 defines the outer shape of the part of revolution made of composite material obtained. The latter may for example be cylindrical, conical, truncated, barrel-shaped or half-barrel-shaped, but must have at least one open upper or lower face to allow its extraction from the core 50. The belt 40 is preferably in one piece in the case where the outer shape of the part to be molded includes a large draft. In the case where the outer shape of the part to be molded is more complex, in particular by the presence of undercuts, the belt 40 is preferably in several parts. It then comprises: an outer belt, completed with one or more shims.

The part to be molded can, for example, be any part with a shape of revolution and requiring geometric control on its internal and external faces, such as is found in or around a turbomachine.

• mise en place de l’embase 30 et de la cale centrale 60 ;
• mise en place de la préforme 20 ;
• mise en place de la ceinture 40 et compactage de la préforme 20 par la face radiale interne 45 ;
• mise en place des cales de guidage 70 par coulissement de la rampe inclinée 75 des cales de guidage 70 contre la face radiale externe inclinée 65 de la cale centrale 60 et compactage de la préforme 20 entre les cales de guidage 70 et la ceinture 40 ;
• mise en place des cales de fermeture 80 par coulissement de la rampe inclinée 85 des cales de fermeture 80 contre la face radiale externe inclinée 65 de la cale centrale 60, chaque cale de fermeture 80 étant située entre deux cales de guidage 70 adjacentes, et compactage de la préforme 20 entre les cales de fermeture 80 et la ceinture 40 ;
• mise en place du couvercle 90 sur la ceinture 40 et le noyau 50 central, la ceinture 40 et le noyau 50 délimitant un volume creux de moulage 100 ;
• injection de résine sous forme liquide dans le volume creux de moulage 100.

A preferred example of producing a composite material revolution part by impregnating a preform 20 with resin and using a mold 10 according to the invention comprises the following steps:

• installation of the base 30 and the central wedge 60;
• installation of the preform 20;
• placing the belt 40 and compacting the preform 20 by the internal radial face 45;
• placing the guide wedges 70 by sliding the inclined ramp 75 of the guide wedges 70 against the inclined external radial face 65 of the central wedge 60 and compacting the preform 20 between the guide wedges 70 and the belt 40;
• placing the closing wedges 80 by sliding the inclined ramp 85 of the closing wedges 80 against the inclined external radial face 65 of the central wedge 60, each closing wedge 80 being located between two adjacent guide wedges 70, and compacting the preform 20 between the closing wedges 80 and the belt 40;
• placing the cover 90 on the belt 40 and the central core 50, the belt 40 and the core 50 delimiting a hollow molding volume 100;
• injection of liquid resin into the hollow molding volume 100.

The belt 40 is preferably put in place before the removable shims 70, 80 because it serves as a guide for them in its upper part. The tangential contact between the belt 40 and the removable shims 70, 80 prevents the pinching of fibers between these parts.

Depending on their mass and the production rate to be maintained, the removable wedges 70, 80 can be put in place manually or by means of a lifting device.

After curing the resin, for example by polymerization, heating and/or cooling, and removal of the cover 90, the removable shims 70, 80, and the belt 40, the composite material part can be removed from the mold 10.

On the has illustrating different stages of the molding, it will be noted the presence of an internal shim 130 of conformation, optional, preferably annular, which can be positioned inside the mold 10, for example on the base 30 and preferably between the central shim 60 and the belt 40, and on which the preform 20 is positioned so that the external face 134 of the internal shim 130 gives its internal shape to the composite material part during molding. This internal shim 130 can be in one piece or in several parts.

Claims (10)

Mold (10) for producing a part of revolution of axis (Y-Y') by molding, comprising a base (30) extending along a main plane P perpendicular to the axis (Y-Y'), a belt (40) of annular shape extending along a plane parallel to the plane P, a core (50) and a cover (90) extending along a plane parallel to the plane P, said mold (10) being characterized in that:

• the core (50) comprises a central wedge (60) and a set of removable guide wedges (70) and closing wedges (80) each forming a sector of an annular disc on the axis (Y-Y');
• the guide wedges (70) and the closing wedges (80) each have two side faces (71, 72, 81, 82) provided at the interface located between an adjacent guide wedge (70) and closing wedge (80);
• the central wedge (60) has a lower face (68), and an inclined external radial face (65) which flares out towards the lower face (68);
• the guide wedges (70) and the closing wedges (80) each have an inclined ramp (75, 85) of a shape complementary to the inclined external radial face (65); and
• the core (50) comprises n removable guide wedges (70) and n removable closing wedges (80), with n ≥ 2.

Mold (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that in the closed position of the mold (10), the belt (40) rests on the base (30), the core (50) is centered on the axis (Y-Y'), the cover (90) rests on the belt (40) and on the core (50), each closing wedge (80) is located between two guide wedges (70), and the inclined ramp (75) of the guide wedges (70) as well as the inclined ramp (85) of the closing wedges (80) rest against the inclined external radial face (65) of the central wedge (60). Mold (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises a radial immobilization device (120) of the guide wedges (70) and the closing wedges (80). Mold (10) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the radial immobilization device (120) comprises an annular guide structure (127) provided on an upper face (69) of the central wedge (60) and shaped with a complementary shape (77, 87) provided on a lower face (78, 88) of each of the guide wedges (70) and the closing wedges (80). Mold (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in a plane parallel to the plane P, the two lateral faces (81, 82) of the closing wedges (80) diverge by an angle α relative to the axis (Y-Y’), α being between 0° and 5° and preferably substantially equal to 4°. Mold (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in a plane perpendicular to the plane P, the two lateral faces (81, 82) of the closing wedges (80) converge at an angle β in the direction of a lower face (88) of the closing wedges (80), β being between 5° and 10° and preferably substantially equal to 8°. Mold (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inclined external radial face (65) of the central wedge (60) is circular. Mold (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lateral faces (71, 72, 81, 82) of the guide (70) and closing (80) wedges are flat. Mold (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide wedges (70) are identical to each other and the closing wedges (80) are identical to each other. Molding method for producing a composite material revolution part by impregnating a preform (20) with resin and using a mold (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said method comprises the following steps:

• installation of the base (30) and the central wedge (60);
• installation of the preform (20);
• placing the belt (40) and compacting the preform (20) by an internal radial face (45) of the belt (40);
• placing the guide wedges (70) by sliding the inclined ramp (75) of the guide wedges (70) against the inclined external radial face (65) of the central wedge (60) and compacting the preform (20) between the guide wedges (70) and the belt (40);
• placing the closing wedges (80) by sliding the inclined ramp (85) of the closing wedges (80) against the inclined external radial face (65) of the central wedge (60), each closing wedge (80) being located between two adjacent guide wedges (70), and compacting the preform (20) between the closing wedges (80) and the belt (40);
• placing the cover (90) on the belt (40) and the central core (50), the belt (40) and the core (50) delimiting a hollow molding volume (100); and
• injection of resin in liquid form into the hollow molding volume (100).