FR3036467A1 - DEVICE AND METHOD FOR HEATING A LIQUID AND APPARATUS COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

The device (100) for heating a liquid (120) comprises: a first conductive reinforcement (105), a second conductive reinforcement (110), a space (115) between the reinforcements for receiving liquid to be heated. and - a power supply (125) applying an alternating current between the conductive armatures. In embodiments, the power supply is configured to cause cavitation in the liquid to be heated.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a device and a method for heating a liquid and devices comprising such a device. It applies, in particular, to the heating and almost instantaneous vaporization of liquid for domestic or industrial applications. STATE OF THE ART Many devices for heating a liquid, such as combustion water heaters, for example gas or coal, are known. These devices have many disadvantages. On the one hand, these devices provide the first flow of hot water or water vapor quite slowly, in minutes or even tens of minutes because they must, first, to heat a container, before heating the water which is there. On the other hand, these devices are complex, cumbersome and polluting since they emit burned gases harmful to the environment and health. In addition, these devices have low energy efficiency. There are also known devices using an electrical resistance to heat a liquid, for example in electric water heaters or kettles. These devices also have disadvantages of slowness and, possibly, efficiency. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The present invention aims to remedy all or part of these disadvantages. According to a first aspect, the present invention relates to a device 25 for heating a liquid, which comprises: a first conductive reinforcement, a second conductive reinforcement, a space between the reinforcements for receiving liquid to be heated and a power supply applying an alternating current between the conductive armatures. Thanks to these provisions, the electric field generated between the two conductive reinforcements applies to the liquid and causes immediate heating. The device which is the subject of the present invention thus provides, in a time of less than ten seconds or even a second, a heated liquid or a vapor obtained by boiling this liquid. In addition, the energy efficiency of the device is particularly high. In embodiments, the power supply is configured to cause cavitation in the liquid to be heated. Thanks to these arrangements, the transfer of energy to the liquid is particularly effective. In embodiments, the thickness of the space between the reinforcements is substantially constant. Thanks to these provisions, the heating is substantially uniform. In embodiments, the power supply provides an alternating current of about 220 volts and the distance between the reinforcements is between one and five millimeters. In embodiments, each of the armatures has a sphere portion. In embodiments, one of the armatures has a spherical shape and the other has the shape of two hemispheres. In embodiments, each of the armatures has a cylinder portion. In embodiments, each of the armatures has a cone portion.

In embodiments, the device comprises three armatures fed by three phases of a three-phase current supplied by the power supply. According to a second aspect, the present invention relates to a method for heating a liquid, between a first conductive reinforcement and a second conductive reinforcement, which comprises: a step of introducing a liquid to be heated in a space between the armatures and - a power supply step applying an alternating current between the conductive armatures.

According to a third aspect, the present invention relates to a chemical reactor which comprises a heating device object of the present invention, a reagent inlet means, at least one of the reagents being present in the liquid to be heated and means output of products of the chemical reaction.

The inventor has indeed observed that the device object of the present invention promotes certain chemical reactions, in the same way as a catalyst. According to a fourth aspect, the present invention aims a purification system which comprises a heating device object of the present invention, a liquid inlet means to be purified and a purified liquid outlet means.

The inventor has indeed observed that the device object of the present invention promotes the purification of liquids. According to a fifth aspect, the present invention aims a decontamination system which comprises a heating device object of the present invention, a liquid inlet means for decontaminating and a decontaminated liquid outlet means. According to a sixth aspect, the present invention aims a decontamination system which comprises a heating device object of the present invention, means for entering solid materials contained in a liquid or in contact with a liquid, and a means of output of solid materials.

The inventor has indeed observed that the device object of the present invention promotes the decontamination of liquids and solid materials contained in a liquid or in contact with a liquid. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Other advantages, aims and particular characteristics of the invention will emerge from the following nonlimiting description of at least one particular embodiment of the device which is the subject of the present invention, with reference to the appended drawings, in which: which: - Figure 1 shows, schematically and in section, a first embodiment 30 of the heating device object of the present invention, - Figure 2 shows schematically and in section, a second embodiment of the device of FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a third embodiment of the heating device that is the subject of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a fourth embodiment of FIG. embodiment of the heating device object of the present invention and - Figure 5 shows, in the form of a logic diagram, sta pes of a particular embodiment of the method which is the subject of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLES OF THE INVENTION It is already noted that the figures are not to scale. FIG. 1 shows a device 100 for heating a liquid, which comprises: a first conductive reinforcement 105, a second conductive reinforcement 110, a space 115 between the reinforcements for receiving liquid 120 to be heated and a power supply 125 applying an alternating current between the conductive armatures. The thickness of the space 115 between the plates 105 and 110 is substantially constant and, for example, between one and five millimeters. Each of the armatures 105 and 110 has a sphere portion. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the armature 105 is generally hemispherical and the armature 110 is globally spherical. Preferably, the armature 105 is pierced with openings for escaping the steam generated. With this configuration, the inventor obtained a water cavitation effect with a thickness of the space between the armatures of 1.6 millimeters, a voltage of about 220 volts, a current of the order of 10 amperes. and an alternating current frequency of 50 Hertz. For example, the dimensions are: Outer diameter of the armature 105: 57 mm Inner diameter of the armature 110: 58.6 mm Thickness of the spheres = 2 mm.

In this use, the device has shown an almost instantaneous vaporization of the water between the reinforcements and a production of steam at more than 100 ° C. as soon as the device is put into operation. The calculated energy efficiency is greater than that of an electrical resistance dipped in the liquid.

Hydrogen-containing gas production and alteration of the reinforcement surfaces have also been observed: accelerated wear for copper reinforcements and impacts on reinforcement made of stainless steel or galvanized steel or metal alloy containing nickel.

FIG. 2 shows a device 200 for heating a liquid which comprises: a first conductive reinforcement 205, a second conductive reinforcement 210, a third conductive reinforcement 230 electrically connected to the first conductive reinforcement. by a conductive connection 235, a space 215 between the armatures for receiving liquid 220 to be heated and a power supply 225 applying an alternating current between the first and the third conductive armatures, on the one hand, and the second conductive armature , on the other hand. The thickness of the space 215 between the frames 205 and 210 and 230 and 210 is substantially constant and, for example, between one and five millimeters. Each of the armatures 205, 210 and 230 has a sphere portion. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the armatures 205 and 230 are globally hemispherical and the armature 210 is globally spherical. Preferably, the armature 205 is pierced with openings for escaping the steam generated. FIG. 3 shows a device 300 for heating a liquid, which comprises: a first conductive reinforcement 305, a second conductive reinforcement 310, a third conductive reinforcement 330, a space 315 between the reinforcements for receiving liquid 320 to heat and - a power supply 325 applying a three-phase alternating current 30 between the first, the second and the third conductive reinforcements. The thickness of the space 315 between the plates 305 and 310 and 330 and 310 is substantially constant and, for example, between one and five millimeters. Each of the armatures 305, 310 and 330 has a sphere portion. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, the armatures 305 and 330 are globally hemispherical and the armature 310 is globally spherical. Preferably, the armature 305 is pierced with openings for escaping the steam generated. FIG. 4 shows a device 400 for heating a liquid which comprises: a first conductive reinforcement 405, a second conductive reinforcement 410, a space 415 between the reinforcements for receiving liquid 420 to be heated and a power supply 425 applying an alternating current between the conductive armatures. The thickness of the space 415 between the plates 405 and 410 is substantially constant and, for example, between one and five millimeters. Each of the armatures 405 and 410 has a cylinder portion. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, the reinforcements are cylindrical and have a circular guide curve. Preferably, the armature 405 is pierced with openings for escaping the steam generated. In embodiments (not shown), each of the armatures has a cone portion. Preferably, the power supply 125, 225, 325 or 425 is configured to cause cavitation in the liquid to be heated. To determine the occurrence of this cavitation, which depends on the liquid to be heated and the distance between the armatures, the skilled person varies progressively the parameters of the current injected at the terminals of the armatures until significant vibrations of the armatures are obtained. produce and that cavitation-specific traces occur on the reinforcements. Preferably, the power supply 125, 225, 325 or 425 is configured to supply a current whose frequency is proportional to the resonance frequency of the electrical circuit formed by the power supply, the conductive plates, the liquid to be heated and the connections. conductive between the power supply and the armatures. As illustrated in FIG. 5, a method for heating a liquid, between a first conductive reinforcement and a second conductive reinforcement, comprises: a step 505 of implantation of the reinforcements, for example according to a configuration presented in FIG. 1 to 4, a step 510 of introducing a liquid to be heated in the space between the reinforcements, 5 - a step 515 of application, by a power supply, of an alternating current between the reinforcements and a step 520 output of the heated liquid or steam from the heating of the liquid. Examples of applications of the heating device 10 of the present invention are given below: a chemical reactor, which comprises a heating device according to the present invention and a reagent inlet means; at least one of the reagents being present in the liquid to be heated and a product output means of the chemical reaction; A purification system which comprises a heating device according to the present invention, a liquid inlet means to be purified and a purified liquid outlet means, a decontamination system which comprises a heating device object of the present invention, a liquid inlet means for decontaminating and a decontaminated liquid outlet means, - a decontamination system which comprises a heating device object of the present invention, a solid material inlet means contained in a liquid or in contact with a liquid, and an outlet means for solid materials, - a water heater which comprises a heating device object of the present invention, the hot water outlet is connected to the hot water pipe, - a cooking or food preparation apparatus which comprises a heating device object of the present invention, the hot water outlet 30 or steam serves heating or cooking food, - a desalting apparatus by vaporization and condensation, - a pressure washer which comprises a heating device object of the present invention, the output of hot water and / or steam is connected to a cleaning nozzle, a distillation / extraction apparatus which comprises a heating device object of the present invention. Among the other applications of the present invention, mention may be made of: in the field of physics: in thermal, vaporization, heating of liquid, in mechanics, the valorization of mechanical vibration energy, in surface treatments, electrolysis and gas extraction; in the field of chemistry: catalysis of chemical reactions, treatment of liquids, emulsions, homogenization, purification, extraction of components, decontamination by oxidation of pollutants; in materials chemistry - in the nuclear field: decontamination by dissolution; In the field of biology: biological decontamination and separation and isolation of cells.

Claims (14)

REVENDICATIONS1. Device (100, 200, 300, 400) for heating a liquid (120, 220, 320, 420), characterized in that it comprises: a first conductive reinforcement (105, 205, 305, 405), a second conductive reinforcement (110, 210, 310, 410), a space (115, 215, 315, 415) between the reinforcements for receiving liquid to be heated and a power supply (125, 225, 325, 425). applying an alternating current between the conducting plates. The liquid heating device (100, 200, 300, 400) of claim 1, wherein the power supply (125, 225, 325, 425) is configured to cause cavitation in the liquid (120). , 220, 320, 420) to be heated. 3. Device (100, 200, 300, 400) for heating a liquid according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the space (115, 215, 315, 415) between the reinforcements is substantially constant. 4. Device (100, 200, 300, 400) for heating a liquid according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the power supply (125, 225, 325, 425) provides an alternating current of a voltage of about 220 volts and the distance between the armatures (105, 110, 205, 210, 230, 305, 310, 330, 405, 410) is between one and five millimeters. 5. Device (100, 200, 300, 400) for heating a liquid according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each of the frames (105, 110, 205, 210, 230, 305, 310, 330 ) has a portion of sphere. 6. Device (100, 200, 300, 400) for heating a liquid according to claim 5, wherein one (205) of the armatures has a spherical shape and the other (210, 230) has the shape two hemispheres. 3036467 10 7. Device (100, 200, 300, 400) for heating a liquid according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each of the armatures (405, 410) has a cylinder portion. 5 8. Device (100, 200, 300, 400) for heating a liquid according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each of the armatures has a cone portion. 9. Device (100, 200, 300, 400) for heating a liquid according to one of claims 1 to 8, which comprises three reinforcements (205, 210, 230, 305, 310, 330) fed by three phases of a three-phase current supplied by the power supply (225, 325). 10. A method (500) for heating a liquid, between a first conductive armature (105, 205, 305, 405) and a second conductive armature (110, 210, 310, 410), characterized in that comprises: - a step (510) for introducing a liquid (120, 220, 320, 420) to be heated in a space (115, 215, 315, 415) between the reinforcements and - a step (515) of power supply applying an alternating current 20 between the conductive reinforcements. 11. Chemical reactor, which comprises a device (100, 200, 300, 400) for heating according to one of claims 1 to 9 and a reagent inlet means, at least one of the reagents being present in the liquid ( 120, 220, 320, 420) and a product output means of the chemical reaction. 12. Purification system which comprises a device (100, 200, 300, 400) for heating according to one of claims 1 to 9, a liquid inlet means (120, 220, 320, 420) to be purified and purified liquid outlet means. 30 13. Decontamination system which comprises a device (100, 200, 300, 400) for heating according to one of claims 1 to 9, a liquid inlet means (120, 220, 320, 420) to be decontaminated and decontaminated liquid outlet means. 3036467 11 14. Decontamination system which comprises a device (100, 200, 300, 400) for heating according to one of claims 1 to 9, and a means for entering solid materials contained in a liquid (120, 220, 320 420) or in contact with a liquid, and means for outputting solid materials.