FR3031920A1 - WASTE TREATMENT DRUM, WASTE RECYCLING FACILITY COMPRISING SUCH DRUM AND WASTE RECYCLING METHOD USING SUCH FACILITY - Google Patents

Abstract

A waste treatment drum (10) comprising: a drum body (11) having an outer surface (13b) about a longitudinal axis (L) and a length along the longitudinal axis (L), the drum body (11) internally having at least one housing (15) opening on the outer surface (13b), - a separation system (25) adapted to separate the waste from the drum body (11), the separation system (25) comprising at least one spacer (35) mounted in the housing (15) of the drum body (11), the spacer (35) having a thrust surface (38) for contacting the waste at least a portion of the length of the drum body (11), the spacer (35) being movable relative to the drum body (11) between a retracted position and an extended position.

Description

A waste treatment drum, a waste recycling plant comprising such a drum and a waste recycling method using such a facility The invention relates to a waste treatment drum, to a waste recycling facility comprising a such drum and a waste recycling process using such an installation. In particular, the invention relates to a waste treatment drum intended to be rotatably mounted along an axis of rotation in a waste conveying space of a waste recycling installation.

The invention applies in particular to an operation of opening containers, such as bags, conveyed into the conveying space. During this operation, the waste drum, generally provided with teeth and rotated, grips the containers to bring them to a comb provided with sharp fingers and bordering the conveying space so that each container is opened. during its passage between the treatment drum and the comb. The invention is however not limited to the opening operation and applies to any type of waste treatment such as sorting, grinding or other. However, it is common that during the treatment of waste, some of them adhere or remain attached to the treatment drum. In particular, flexible and elongated waste, such as ribbons, films, bags, nets, wire or the like, wrap around the processing drum. Retractable tooth treatment drums under the effect of an unbalanced motor or elliptical guidance are known. The occasional and periodic nature of the contact of the teeth with the waste causes the waste to be wound between the teeth or loosely around the treatment drum but does not separate the waste from the treatment drum or break the windings. To separate the waste from the treatment drum and in particular to break the windings, it is known to use an approximate scraper of the outer surface of the treatment drum to retain the waste. Such a scraper requires precise positioning with respect to the treatment drum and complicates the recycling facility.

The invention aims to overcome the problems mentioned above. For this purpose, according to a first aspect, the invention proposes a waste treatment drum intended to be mounted in rotation along an axis of rotation in a waste conveying space of a waste recycling installation, the treatment drum. comprising a body having an outer surface about a longitudinal axis to be placed along the axis of rotation, and a length along the longitudinal axis, the drum body having internally at least one housing opening on the outer surface the treatment drum further comprising a separation system adapted to separate the waste from the drum body, the separation system comprising at least one spacer member mounted in the housing of the drum body, the spacer having a thrust surface intended to come into contact with the waste over at least a part of the length of the drum body, the spacer movable relative to the drum body between a retracted position in which the thrust surface is brought closer to the outer surface of the drum body, and an extended position in which the thrust surface is spaced from the outer surface of the drum body. . Thus, the thrust surface makes it possible to apply a significant stress on the waste simultaneously along a portion of the drum body, so as to separate them from the treatment drum, in particular by breaking the windings. The spacer member may be translatable in a radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis. The thrust surface may extend substantially along the longitudinal axis. The thrust surface may extend over an essential part, that is to say greater than 50%, for example greater than 60%, and in particular greater than 80%, of the length of the drum body. The housing of the drum body may have an opening on the outer surface and the separation system may comprise a support on which the spacer member is movably mounted, the support being inserted into the housing through the opening and adapted to be attached to the drum body by an outside of the drum body. These arrangements make it possible to simplify the manufacture and maintenance of the treatment drum by providing for external assembly. The waste treatment drum is adapted to be moved in a plurality of angular positions about the axis of rotation. The separation system may then further comprise an actuating device adapted to actively move the spacer member between the retracted and deployed positions regardless of the angular position of the treatment drum. These arrangements make it possible to control the displacement of the spacer member between the retracted and deployed positions at specifically chosen opportune moments, or in a random manner, for example by leaving sufficient time for a tight winding of waste around the treatment drum can be obtained and easily broken by a deployment of the spacer.

The actuating device may comprise: at least one actuating member comprising a cylinder integral with one of the drum body and the spacer member and having a sliding axis, and a piston integral with the other of the drum body and the spacer member, the piston being slidably mounted along the axis of sliding in the cylinder between first and second positions corresponding respectively to the retracted and deployed positions of the spacing, - a fluid circuit connected to the cylinder and adapted to move the piston in at least one direction between the first and second positions. The drum body may comprise a shaft extending along the longitudinal axis from one end, and the fluid circuit may comprise a rotary coupling having a fixed portion secured to the end of the shaft and intended to be put into position. fluid communication with a fluid supply source, and a movable portion pivotally mounted along the longitudinal axis on the fixed portion, the movable portion being in fluid communication with the cylinder. The fluid circuit may be adapted to move the piston in a first direction between the first and second positions, the actuator comprising an elastic return member adapted to move the piston in a second direction, opposite to the first direction, between the first and second positions. The thrust surface may be provided with a cutting blade extending along the longitudinal axis.

The drum body may comprise teeth each extending radially from a base secured to the outer surface to a free end. Each of the teeth may have two opposite transverse surfaces perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, and the thrust surface may be provided with at least one scraper element extending substantially parallel to the outer surface of the drum body in the vicinity of the longitudinal axis. one of the transverse surfaces of one of the teeth, the scraping element being positioned near the base of the tooth in the retracted position of the spacer member and close to the free end of the tooth in the deployed position of the spacer member. According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a waste recycling plant comprising a waste conveying space and a waste treatment drum as defined above, the waste treatment drum being rotatably mounted along an axis. rotation in the conveying space, the longitudinal axis of the drum body being placed along the axis of rotation. The waste recycling plant may further comprise a device for rotating the drum body of the waste treatment drum.

According to a third aspect, the invention relates to a waste recycling process using a waste recycling facility as defined above, the recycling process comprising the steps of: - conveying waste into the waste recycling plant; waste conveying space, 5 - separating the waste from the drum body of the waste treatment drum by moving the spacer member from the retracted position to the deployed position, - returning the spacer member to the retracted position . Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description of a particular embodiment of the invention given by way of non-limiting example, the description being made with reference to the accompanying drawings in FIG. which: - Figure 1 is a partial perspective representation of a waste recycling plant comprising a processing drum rotatably mounted in a waste conveying space, - Figure 2 is a partial perspective representation of the treatment drum of the recycling plant of FIG. 1, the treatment drum comprising a drum body and a separation system adapted to separate the waste from the drum body, the separation system being integrated with the drum body and comprising a support disposed in a housing of the drum body and a spacer member mounted on the support, - Figure 3 is a perspective representation of the spacer member and the support 20 of the treatment drum of FIG. 2, the treatment member being in a retracted position in which a thrust surface of the treatment member is brought closer to an outer surface of the body FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the spacer member and the support of the treatment drum of FIG. 2, the processing member being in an extended position in which a thrust surface of FIG. the processing member is spaced apart from the outer surface of the drum body; FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a variant of the processing drum of the recycling plant of FIG. processing comprising scraper elements of transverse teeth surfaces of the drum body; FIG. 6 is an enlarged representation of the separation system of the processing drum of FIG. 5 illustrating the gold In the retracted position, FIG. 7 is an enlarged representation of the separation system of the treatment drum of FIG. 5 illustrating the processing member in the deployed position. In the figures, the same references designate identical or similar elements.

FIG. 1 shows a recycling plant part 1 comprising a frame 2 delimiting a waste conveying space 3 in which waste in bulk or collected in containers, such as bags, is conveyed by any suitable conveyor. A waste treatment drum 10 is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation R on the frame 2, in the conveyor space 3. In the embodiment shown, but not limited thereto, the treatment drum 10 is implemented in a container opening operation. The processing drum 10 is then adapted to bring the containers to a comb 5 provided with cutting fingers 6 and bordering the conveying space 3 so that each container is open 10 during its passage between the treatment drum 10 and the comb 5. Examples of comb 5 are described in patent applications FR 13 01933 and FR 14 00362. The recycling installation comprises a drive device, such as an electric motor 7, adapted to drive the treatment drum. 10 in rotation in a plurality of angular positions about the axis of rotation R.

Furthermore, the treatment drum 10, shown in more detail in FIG. 2, comprises a drum body 11 comprising a cylindrical shaft 12 of circular section along a longitudinal axis L, a cylindrical side wall 13 of circular cross-section according to FIG. longitudinal axis L and one or more connecting members, such as a transverse wall perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L, connecting the side wall 13 to the shaft 12.

The side wall 13 has an inner surface 13a delimiting with the shaft 12 a recess 15 within the drum body 11 of the processing drum 10. Opposite the inner surface 13a, the side wall 13 has a outer surface 13b cylindrical about the longitudinal axis L. The side wall 13 is, moreover, provided with an opening 16 through which the housing 15 opens on the outer surface 13b. In the embodiment shown, the opening 16 extends along the longitudinal axis L and extends over an essential part, that is to say greater than 50%, for example greater than 60%, and particular greater than 80%, a length of the drum body 11 measured along the longitudinal axis L. The transverse wall may also be perforated to allow access to the interior of the housing 15.

The drum body 11 also includes teeth 17 each extending radially with respect to the longitudinal axis L from a secured base 18, for example screwed, to the outer surface 13b to a free end 19. Each of the teeth 17 has two transverse surfaces 17a opposite, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L.

The shaft 12 of the drum body 11 of the processing drum 10 can thus be mounted on the frame 2, for example by means of bearings 20, such that the longitudinal axis L of the drum body 11 is placed according to the rotation axis R of the processing drum 10. In a variant, the drum body 11 could have any other suitable shape 5 providing an outer surface 13b around the longitudinal axis L, in particular cylindrical with an elliptical, polygonal or other cross-section. In addition, any other arrangement of one or more housings opening to the outer surface 13b of the drum body 11 could be provided. In FIGS. 3 and 4, the treatment drum 10 comprises a separation system 25 adapted to separate the waste from the drum body 11. The separation system 25 comprises a support 26 secured to the drum body 11 of the treatment drum 10 and a spacing member 35 mounted on the support 26 and having a thrust surface 38 for contacting the waste over at least a portion of the length of the drum body 11. The carrier 26 is constructed as of a frame extending generally in a plane and adapted to be mounted on the drum body 11 of the treatment drum 10 through the opening 16. The frame delimits, moreover, a space adapted to receive the body d In particular, the support 26 is rectangular and has two uprights 27 parallel to each other, a lower rail 28 connecting lower ends of the uprights 27 and an upper rail 29 connecting ends. The uprights 27 have, between two opposite outer surfaces 27b, a spacing substantially corresponding to a length of the opening 16, along the longitudinal axis L. They also have a thickness corresponding substantially to a width of the opening 16, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L. The upper cross member 29 is in the form of a plate provided with a slot 30 of a length substantially corresponding to a spacing between inner surfaces 27a next to the uprights 27, and a width substantially corresponding to the thickness of the uprights 27. In the embodiment shown, the upper ends of the uprights 27 are beveled so that the plate of the upper crossbar 29 is inclined relative to at a plane perpendicular to the plane of the support 26. Guide plates 31 are secured to the frame of the support 26 so as to partially seal the space delimited by the frame of the support 26 in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the support 26. The spacer member 35 is shaped to fill the space of the support 26. In particular, the spacer member 35 is of generally parallelepipedal shape and has two lateral edges 36 parallel to one another, a lower edge 37 connecting two lower ends of the lateral edges 36 and an upper edge 38 connecting two upper ends of the lateral edges 36. The spacer 35 has a length between the side edges 36 corresponding to the spacing between the inner surfaces 27a of the uprights 27 of the support 26. In the embodiment shown, the upper edge 38 is bevelled with a slope similar to that of the upper rail 29 of the support 26. It is, moreover, provided with a cutting blade 39 extending over all or part, and preferably an essential part, c that is at least 50% of the length of the spacer 35. The spacer 35 has three housings 40 internally therebetween, two of which are arranged laterally adjacent the side edges 36 and one central, extending over a portion of a height measured between the lower 37 and upper 38 edges of the spacing member 35. Between each of the lateral housings 40 and the central housing 40, a notch 41 extends from the lower edge 37 to upper edge 38. Spreader 35 is mounted on the support by means of an actuating device 45. In the embodiment shown, the actuating device 45 comprises, in each of the notches 41, an actuating member 46 of the jack type comprising a cylinder 47 integral with the support 26 and having a sliding axis, and a piston 48 secured to the spacer member 35. The piston 48 is mounted sliding according to the sliding axis in the cylinder 47 between a first position shown in Figure 3 and wherein the spacer member 35 is housed in the support 26, its upper edge 38 being brought closer to the upper cross member 29 of the support 26, and a second position shown in FIG. 4 and in which the spacer member 35 is at least partly out of the support 26, its upper edge 38 being spaced apart from the upper crossmember 29 of the support 26. To move the piston 48 in the cylinder 47 a fluid circuit 50 is provided. As shown in FIG. 5 in relation to a variant of the actuating drum 10 described later, it comprises a rotary coupling 51 comprising a fixed part 52 secured to one end of the shaft 12 of the drum body 11 of the drum. 10 and intended to be placed in fluid communication with a fluid supply source, and a movable portion 53 pivotally mounted along the longitudinal axis L on the fixed portion 52, the movable portion 53 being placed in fluid communication with the cylinder 47. The cylinders 46 are said simple effect and are adapted to move the piston 48 only 30 in a first direction from the first position to the second position. To move the piston 48 in a second direction, opposite to the first direction, from the second position to the first position, the actuating device 45 also comprises three resilient compression-type spring return members 49 respectively arranged in the housings 40 of FIG. the spacer member 35 with each lower end bearing on a lower surface 3031920 8 of the housing 40 and an upper end bearing on a stop 32 integral with the support 26. The invention is not limited to the device of actuation 45 comprising single-acting cylinders 46 associated with compression springs 49. As a variant, any other type of actuating device 5 adapted to move the spacer 35 relative to the support 26 (or directly to the drum body) 11) between the first and second positions could be provided. For example, one or more double acting cylinders adapted to move the piston 48 relative to the cylinder 47 in both directions and / or the tension springs could be provided. The support 26 is mounted on the drum body 11 of the processing drum 10 by being inserted into the housing 15 through the opening 16 and adapted to be fixed to the drum body 11 by the outside of the drum body 11. the embodiment shown, the upper cross member 29 of the support 26 is fixed by screwing on the outer surface 13b of the drum body 11. The inclinations of the upper cross member 29 of the support 26 relative to the rest of the support 26 and the upper edge 38 of the spacer member 35 relative to the remainder of the spacer member 35 allow the support 26 and the spacer 35 to be displaced relative to the shaft 12 and to have a larger space. 15. In a variant, the upper crossmember 29 of the support 26 could be perpendicular to the rest of the support 26 and the upper edge 38 of the spacer member 35 could be perpendicular to the remainder of the spacer member 35. so that the support 26 and the spacer member 35 extend radially.

The spacer member 35 is then mounted displaceable relative to the drum body 11 in translation in a radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis L between a retracted position, corresponding to the first position of the cylinders 46, in which the upper edge 38 of the spacing member 35 is brought closer to the outer surface 13b of the drum body 11, and an extended position corresponding to the second position of the cylinders 46, in which the upper edge 38 of the body The actuating device 45 can thus actively move the spacing member 35 relative to the drum body 11 between the retracted and deployed positions, regardless of the distance between the outer surface 13b of the drum body 11. the angular position of the treatment drum 10. The upper edge 38 of the spacer member 35 then constitutes the thrust surface 30 which extends substantially along the longitudinal axis L over an essential part of the length of the drum body 11. The waste recycling plant 1 described above makes it possible to implement a recycling process comprising the steps of: - conveying waste into the conveyor space of waste 3, 3031920 9 - separating the waste from the drum body 11 from the waste treatment drum 10 by moving the spacer member 35 from the retracted position to the extended position, - returning the spacer member 35 to the retracted position. The invention has been described in connection with an opening 16 on the drum body 11, a support 26 and a spacer member 35 arranged and shaped in such a way that the thrust surface 38 extends substantially along the axis longitudinal L, over an essential part of the length of the drum body 11 and being movable in translation in a radial direction. Alternatively, the separation system 25 could comprise any other arrangement and other conformation of the opening 16, the spacer 35 and, if appropriate, the support 26 for the spacer 35 has a thrust surface 38 which extends between two opposite ends at a distance from each other along the longitudinal axis L and which is displaceable relative to the drum body 11 between the retracted position and the deployed position, which that is the orientation and the conformation of the thrust surface 38 between its ends. The distance between the ends of the thrust surface 38 preferably remains equal to an essential part, that is to say greater than 50%, for example greater than 60%, and in particular greater than 80%, of the length of the drum body 11. In particular, the separation system 25 could comprise a plurality of spacers 35 disposed adjacently, possibly with an angular offset, such that their upper edges 38 define the thrust surface. The spacer member (s) 35 could also be driven by any other translational and / or rotational movement, by any suitable actuating device, to move from the retracted position to the deployed position and vice versa. Figures 5 to 7 illustrate a variant of the processing drum 10 'described below. In this variant, the treatment drum 10 'differs only from the treatment drum 25 described above in that the thrust surface 38' is provided with one or more scraping elements 55 adapted to separate waste attached to the teeth 17 located at proximities of the spacer 35 '. The other components and the operation of the processing drum 10 'are analogous to the components and operation described above, and reference is made to the description which has been made for further details.

The scraper elements 55, for example arranged in pairs on either side of one of the teeth 17, extend substantially parallel to the outer surface 13b of the drum body 11 in the vicinity of the transverse surfaces 17a of the tooth. 17. The scraping elements 55 of each pair are positioned near the base 18 of the tooth 17 in the retracted position of the spacer member 35 'and near the free end 19 of the tooth 17 in the deployed position 35 of the spacer 35 '. As previously described, the spacer member 30 'can be moved in translation through the slot 30' of the upper cross member 29 'of the support 26' between the retracted and deployed positions such that the scraper elements 55 are displaced on the height of the teeth 17 and separate the waste that is attached to it.

Claims (15)

REVENDICATIONS1. A waste treatment drum (10; 10 ') to be rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation (R) in a waste conveying space (3) of a waste recycling plant (1); treatment (10; 10 ') comprising a drum body (11) having an outer surface (13b) about a longitudinal axis (L) to be placed along the axis of rotation (R), and a length according to the longitudinal axis (L), the drum body (11) internally having at least one housing (15) opening on the outer surface (13b), the treatment drum (10; 10 ') being characterized in that it comprises in addition a separation system (25; 25 ') adapted to separate the waste from the drum body (11), the separation system (25; 25') comprising at least one spacer (35; 35 ') mounted in the housing (15) of the drum body (11), the spacer (35; 35 ') having a thrust surface (38; 38') for to come into contact with the waste over at least a part of the length of the drum body (11), the spacer (35; 35 ') being movable relative to the drum body (11) between a retracted position in which the thrust surface (38; 38') is brought closer to the outer surface (13b) of the drum body (11), and a position deployed in which the thrust surface (38; 38 ') is spaced from the outer surface (13b) of the drum body (11). The waste treatment drum (10; 10 ') according to claim 1, wherein the spacer member (35; 35') is translatable in a radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis (L). . The waste treatment drum (10; 10 ') according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thrust surface (38; 38') extends substantially along the longitudinal axis (L). The waste treatment drum (10; 10 ') according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pushing surface (38; 38') extends over an essential part of the length of the drum body. (11). A waste treatment drum (10; 10 ') according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the housing (15) of the drum body (11) has an opening (16) on the outer surface ( 13b) and wherein the separation system (25; 25 ') comprises a support (26; 26') on which the spacer (35; 35 ') is displaceably mounted; the support (26; 26') being introduced into the housing (15) through the opening (16) and adapted to be fixed to the drum body (11) by an outside of the drum body (11). A waste treatment drum (10; 10 ') according to any one of claims 1 to 5 for being moved in a plurality of angular positions about the axis of rotation 3031920 12 (R), wherein the system separator (25; 25 ') further comprises an actuating device (45) adapted to actively move the spacer (35; 35') between the retracted and deployed positions regardless of the angular position of the rotation drum. treatment (10; 10 '). 5 The waste treatment drum (10; 10 ') according to claim 6, wherein the actuating device (45) comprises: - at least one actuating member (46) comprising a cylinder (47) integral with the one of the drum body (11) and the spacer member (35; 35 ') and having a sliding axis, and a piston (48) integral with the other of the drum body (11) and the spacer member (35; 35 '), the piston (48) being slidably mounted along the axis of sliding in the cylinder (47) between first and second positions respectively corresponding to the retracted and deployed positions of the spacer (35; 35 '); - a fluid circuit (50) connected to the cylinder (47) and adapted to move the piston (48) in at least one direction between the first and second positions. 15 The waste treatment drum (10; 10 ') according to claim 7, wherein the drum body (11) comprises a shaft (12) extending along the longitudinal axis (L) from one end, and in wherein the fluid circuit (50) comprises a rotary coupling (51) having a fixed part (52) secured to the end of the shaft (12) and intended to be placed in fluid communication with a power supply source. fluid, and a movable portion (53) pivotally mounted along the longitudinal axis (L) on the fixed portion (52), the movable portion (53) being placed in fluid communication with the cylinder (47). The waste treatment drum (10; 10 ') according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the fluid circuit (50) is adapted to move the piston (48) in a first direction between the first and second positions, the an actuating device (45) comprising an elastic return member (49) adapted to move the piston (48) in a second opposite direction to the first direction between the first and second positions. The waste treatment drum (10; 10 ') according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the pushing surface (38; 38') is provided with a cutting blade (39; 39 '). extending along the longitudinal axis. 30 The waste treatment drum (10; 10 ') according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the drum body (11) comprises teeth (17) each extending radially from a base (18). secured to the outer surface (13a) to a free end (19). The waste treatment drum (10 ') according to claim 11, wherein each of the teeth (17) has two opposite transverse surfaces (17a) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L), and wherein the surface of thrust (38 ') is provided with at least one scraping element (55) extending substantially parallel to the outer surface (13b) of the drum body (11) in the vicinity of one of the transverse surfaces (17a) of one of the teeth (17), the scraper element (55) being positioned near the base (18) of the tooth (17) in the retracted position of the spacer (35 ') and near the free end (19) of the tooth (17) in the extended position of the spacer (35 '). 13. A waste recycling plant (1) having a waste conveying space (3) and a waste treatment drum (10; 10 ') according to any one of claims 1 to 12, the waste treatment drum (10; 10 ') being rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation (R) in the conveying space (3), the longitudinal axis (L) of the drum body (11) being placed along the axis of rotation (R). The waste recycling plant (1) according to claim 13, further comprising a driving device (7) for rotating the drum body (11) of the waste treatment drum (10; 10 '). 15 15. Waste recycling process using a waste recycling plant (1) according to claim 13 or 14, the recycling process comprising the steps of: - conveying waste in the waste conveying space (3). separating the waste from the drum body (11) from the waste treatment drum (10; 10 ') by moving the spacer member (35; 35') from the retracted position to the deployed position; return the spacer (35; 35 ') to the retracted position.