FR3023361A1 - VENTILATION INSTALLATION OF A SET OF HOUSING WITH A THERMODYNAMIC WATER HEATER - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a ventilation installation of a housing unit comprising at least two housings (3), said installation comprising: at least one fan (5), able to circulate the air between said fan and at least a housing, at least two thermodynamic water heaters, each of said at least two thermodynamic water heaters (4) being disposed in one of said at least two housings, and at least one heat treatment source of air (10) in fluid relationship with said at least two thermodynamic water heaters, said at least one source being distinct from said housing.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a ventilation installation of a housing unit comprising at least two housings. It is known such a ventilation system comprising at least one thermodynamic water heater for one of the housing. A thermodynamic water heater is a water heater whose operation is based on a thermodynamic loop, in which a compressor is connected to a condenser itself connected to a pressure reducer, itself connected to an evaporator, which is connected to the compressor, which closes the loop. In this loop circulates a working fluid which is set in motion and compressed in the compressor, then undergoes condensation in the condenser before being expanded in the expander and finally undergoes evaporation in the evaporator. The evaporator and the condenser are heat exchangers, in each of which the working fluid partially exchanges its thermal energy with another fluid.

In a thermodynamic water heater, the condenser is generally arranged around a water reserve tank for supplying hot water to the housing equipped with the water heater. The water is heated by the condensation of the working fluid, which gives up its thermal energy. The evaporator is generally disposed above or below the tank, so that the working fluid exchanges its heat energy with the ventilation air of the installation. A disadvantage of this type of known installation is that the coefficient of performance (which is defined as the ratio between the useful energy produced and the required energy supplied) of the thermodynamic water heater and that of the installation can, in certain circumstances, not be optimal. This is the case for example if the temperature of the air passing through the thermodynamic water heater is low or if its flow rate is not large enough. The object of the present invention is to improve the coefficient of performance of the thermodynamic water heater. For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a ventilation installation of a set of housings comprising at least two housings, said installation comprising: at least one ventilator, able to circulate the air between said ventilator and at least one housing, - at least two thermodynamic water heaters, each of said at least two thermodynamic water heaters being disposed in one of said at least two housings, and - at least one air heat treatment source in fluidic relation with said at least two minus two thermodynamic water heaters, said at least one source being distinct from said housings. Thanks to the installation according to the invention, the thermodynamic water heater is partly supplied with air by the air extracted from the housing that it equips and partly by the air heat treated by said heat treatment source. This coupling of the thermodynamic water heater with the external source improves the coefficient of performance of the thermodynamic water heater, while at the same time it can improve the operation of the external source itself, as will be explained hereinafter. According to another characteristic of the invention, the installation comprises a fan associated with said at least one heat source for moving the air treated by said at least one heat source. According to another characteristic of the invention, the installation comprises a member for controlling the quantity of air supplying each thermodynamic water heater with heat treated air by said at least one heat source. According to another characteristic of the invention, the installation comprises a so-called central fan adapted to circulate the air between said fan and at least two housings. According to another characteristic of the invention, each thermodynamic water heater is provided with a fan.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the heat treatment source is a solar panel, or an outside air tap at the installation, for example disposed near a facade of a building or an area of a building. collective dwelling, such as a roof or attic, or a garage. According to another characteristic of the invention, the installation comprises an enclosure for each thermodynamic water heater, each enclosure being provided with a first air inlet in fluidic relation with said at least one heat treatment source.

According to another characteristic of the invention, each enclosure comprises a second air inlet in fluidic relation with at least one ventilation opening of the installation.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the first and second inputs are distinct or combined. According to another characteristic of the invention, each enclosure comprises an air outlet.

The invention also relates to a thermodynamic water heater adapted to an installation according to one of the preceding claims, comprising an enclosure provided with a first air inlet adapted to be in fluid connection with at least one heat treatment source air, a second air inlet adapted to be in fluid connection with at least one air vent of the installation, and an air outlet. According to another characteristic of the invention, the thermodynamic water heater comprises a member for controlling the amount of air supplied by the heat treatment source of air. The subject of the invention is also a method for regulating an installation as described above, comprising a step of controlling at least one of the control members as a function of at least one criterion chosen from at least one flow rate. extract air from the housings and / or the temperature of the air extracted from the housing and / or the temperature of the heat-treated air source and / or the outside temperature and / or the rate of opening of the other control organs and / or the quantity of hot water remaining in each thermodynamic water heater and / or the hot water draw of each thermodynamic water heater and / or an hour or calendar period and / or at least one information provided by a external server. Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the description which follows. This is purely illustrative and should be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 illustrates a ventilation system according to a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 illustrates a variant of the embodiment of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 illustrates a second embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 illustrates a third embodiment of the present invention; and - Figure 5 illustrates a thermodynamic water heater according to the present invention.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the ventilation installation 1 according to the present invention is able to equip a set 2 of housings 3 comprising at least two housings. In Figure 1, eight housings 3 are shown.

According to the present invention, at least two of the housings 3 are each provided with a thermodynamic water heater 4. In FIG. 1, each housing 3 is provided with a thermodynamic water heater.

The installation 1 comprises at least one fan 5 adapted to circulate the air between the fan 5 and each of said housings 3. In FIG. 1, the installation 1 comprises a fan 5, called a central fan, which is in fluidic relation with each of the housings 3 by means of two air columns 7 and 8 which respectively connect the housings 3 on the left of FIG. 1 for the column 7 and the housings 3 on the right of FIG. 1 for the column 8. As visible in Figures 1 to 4, the facility operates in extraction, that is to say that the central fan 5 is able to extract air out of the assembly 2 housing 3. In other words , the air flow F flows from the vents 14 of each housing 3 to one of the columns 7, 8 to the fan 5 through which the air is blown out of the installation 1. It is at note that the number of columns, the number of air vents is very variable, and some housing not be equipped with a thermodynamic water heater. By housing 3 is meant a dwelling, in which certain rooms, such as the kitchen and the bathroom for example, comprise at least one ventilation opening 14.

At least one of the air vents 14 communicates with an inlet 9 of the thermodynamic water heater 4 which equips the housing 3 provided with said air vent 14. The installation 1 comprises at least one thermal treatment source of air 10 in fluid relation with said at least one thermodynamic water heater, said at least one source being distinct from the air of said housing. The air in each dwelling is already used to heat the water. The present invention therefore aims to add an external source for each or most thermodynamic water heaters. By air heat treatment source means a device that acts on the temperature of the air flowing in the vicinity of the source. The external source allows to draw calories for free.

In FIGS. 1 and 3 to 5, the heat treatment source is a solar panel, based on photovoltaic cells or solar air collectors. Thus, the air circulating near the solar panel or preferably behind the photovoltaic cells is heated by the panel. It is noted that the efficiency of the photovoltaic panel is also increased, because the air of the external source supplying the thermodynamic water heaters, it does not remain under the panel. On the contrary, in the prior art, the panel unduly heats because the air remains immobile under the panel, which damages the photovoltaic cells. The air of the external source is, for example, typically heated to about + 5 ° C to + 15 ° C depending on the air flow. The invention is however not limited to this example, and the source of heat treatment may also be an external air connection to the installation or an area of a collective dwelling, such as a roof or attic, as shown in Figure 2, or a garage. The outside air stitching is preferably disposed near a façade constituting a natural solar collector. that is to say, the facade radiates and heats the air circulating in its neighborhood.

For roofs, it is the roof that makes a very good natural solar collector. The air from the external source can be taken from the attic or between a roof and a screen of an under-roof.

In Figure 1, a first source 10 supplies heat-treated air to each thermodynamic water heater 4 of the housing 3 on the right, preferably via a channel 11 for distribution of heat-treated air.

Channel 11 is common to all dwellings on the right. The installation 1 comprises individual conduits 11i 11 which fluidly relate the distribution channel 11 and the inlet 9 of the thermodynamic water heater 4. In the same way, a second source 10 supplies heat-treated air to each water heater thermodynamic 4 of the housing 3 on the left, preferably via another channel 11 of the treated air distribution. Channel 11 is common to all the dwellings on the left. The number of sources is of course not limiting. The same source can, for example, supply all the water heaters 4. As can be seen in FIG. 1, each thermodynamic water heater comprises an inlet 12 of air coming from one of the sources 10. Thus, each thermodynamic water heater 4 is fed on the one hand by the source 10 and on the other hand by the air of the housing 3.

The inputs 9 and 12 are combined into the same air intake in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1. Nevertheless, the inputs 9 and 12 may be distinct from one another, which is convenient in terms of connection and allows to integrate a control organ in the thermodynamic water heater, as will be explained later. Each thermodynamic water heater 4 comprises an air outlet 13 connected to the central fan 5 by one of the columns 7 or 8.

As shown in Figure 1, the installation 1 comprises a control member of the amount of air 19 which enters the inlet 9 of at least one of the thermodynamic water heaters. In FIG. 1, the installation 1 comprises a control member 19 for the quantity of air associated with each thermodynamic water heater 4. The control member is for example a valve capable of pivoting in the inlet 9, of so as to obstruct at least partially, or on the contrary leave free air through the entrance. An opening rate of the control member is defined by the amount of air (in percentage) that passes the control organ. Advantageously, the one or more control members are slaved, with a view to regulating the installation 1, as a function of at least one of: - the temperature of the thermal source and / or the comparison of this temperature with the air temperature of each dwelling; - the air flow extracted from each dwelling; - the temperature of the air extracted from the dwelling; - the outside temperature; - the opening rate of the other control bodies, for example to analyze the level of use of the external source and distribute it equitably or according to the needs of each thermodynamic water heater; the quantity of hot water remaining in each thermodynamic water heater or the instantaneous hot water draw for each thermodynamic water heater; - an hourly or calendar period; and at least one piece of information provided by a weather server to which a system for regulating the installation is advantageously connected. For example, a temperature control system makes it possible not to introduce into the associated thermodynamic water heater air coming from the source if this temperature is too high, or on the contrary too low, with respect to the temperature of the air coming from 3. Indeed, a substantial temperature difference between the air from the source 10 and the air from the housing 3 can induce a decrease in the coefficient of performance of the thermodynamic water heater. Advantageously, the criteria may optionally be combined with each other. For example, it is possible to measure the temperature of the air of the heat source and the air flow to evaluate the interest of taking or not the air of the thermal source, to increase the coefficient of performance of each heating thermodynamic water. Thus, it may be necessary to increase the air flow through the evaporator with the air of the heat source, even if the outside air temperature is a few degrees lower than the air temperature in the housing, to improve the performance coefficient of the water heater, or to protect the source if the nearby air is too hot and may damage the photovoltaic cells. In other words, the measurement and analysis of the various criteria based on a pre-programmed mapping of the coefficient of performance according to the needs of each thermodynamic water heater makes it possible to identify the best scenario to be used to optimize the coefficient of performance. This mapping makes it possible to control the rate of opening of each control organ, with a view to taking a given quantity of air from the thermal source. It can be envisaged that each thermodynamic water heater learns by itself and builds said mapping by analyzing according to said criteria mentioned above a heating slope whose definition is known to those skilled in the art and therefore its coefficient of performance .

The central fan 5 is advantageously also controlled according to the temperature of the source 10, which is advantageous for protecting the photovoltaic cells in case of excessive heating of the air under the solar panel, as already explained.

The regulation of the installation 1 has been presented in connection with the embodiment of the embodiment of FIG. 1, but of course also applies to the embodiments of FIGS. 2 to 5. FIG. 2 illustrates a variant of the embodiment of FIG. Figure 1.

According to this variant, the source 10 is a roof, as already explained. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the installation 1 comprises an additional fan 15 associated with the heat source 10 for moving the air treated by the heat source. In Figure 2, the inputs 9 and 12 are distinct from each other.

According to this variant, the installation 1 comprises an additional fan 16 to compensate for the pressure losses experienced by the air flow F during the passage of an evaporator and / or a filter of the thermodynamic water heater 4. This additional fan 16 makes it possible to meet a specific need related to a request for super ventilation of the housing equipped with the additional fan 16, by an occupant for example. The other elements of FIG. 2 are in accordance with those already described in relation with FIG.

FIG. 3 illustrates a second embodiment of the installation 1 according to the present invention. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the central fan 5 is in fluid connection with each of the housings 3 via an air column 8. In this embodiment, the air vents 14 of each housing are connected. in column 8; none of the housing 3 supplies air to the thermodynamic water heater 4.

In other words, according to this embodiment, the central fan 5 is not in fluid relation with the inlet of each thermodynamic water heater 4. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the source 10 supplies via the channel 11 each input 12 heater thermodynamic water heater, which is the only input of the associated water heater. The outlet 13 of each thermodynamic water heater is an external connection to the installation 1 and to the housing 3. The outlet 13 can be directly in front as shown in Figure 3 or connected outwardly from a manifold.

Advantageously, each water heater is provided with an additional fan 16, as already described in relation to FIG. 2. Preferably, the source 10 is associated with an additional fan 15, as already described in connection with FIG. As in FIGS. 1 and 2, the channel 11 comprises control members 14. The other elements of FIG. 3 are in accordance with those already described in relation to FIG.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, each thermodynamic water heater 4 is supplied with air by the source 10 via the channel 11.

The installation 1 comprises a control member 19 of the quantity of air associated with each thermodynamic water heater 4. Preferably, an additional fan 15 is associated with the source 10. The additional fan 15 is advantageously controlled according to the needs thermodynamic water heaters to be supplied or not by the air source, for example by varying the opening ratio of the control members or the number of open members or the pressure in column 11 upstream control bodies. As can be seen in FIG. 4, each water heater 4 comprises an additional fan 16 which circulates the air from at least one of the air vents 14 of the associated housing 3 to the fan 16. Thus, according to this embodiment, it is not necessary to provide a central fan.

As can be seen in FIG. 4, the installation 1 comprises an inlet 9 of the air coming from the source 10 via the channel 11 and the individual duct 11i, this inlet 9 being merged with the inlet 12. Nevertheless, the inputs 9 and 12 can be distinct from each other.

An air outlet tap 13 is also provided, as already explained in connection with the embodiment of FIG. 1. The other elements of FIG. 4 are in accordance with those already described in relation with FIG. illustrates a thermodynamic water heater 4 adapted to the installation 1.

The thermodynamic water heater 4 comprises an enclosure 17 provided with the first air inlet 12 adapted to be in fluid connection with the source 10 via the individual conduit 11i. The enclosure 17 also comprises the second air inlet 9 adapted to be in fluid connection with at least one ventilation opening 14 of the installation 1. In FIG. 5, the enclosure comprises the air outlet 13, connected to an air outlet column 18. Thus, the thermodynamic water heater according to the present invention 15 can be supplied with air on the one hand by the air from the source 10 and secondly by the air of the housing 3, the mixture being advantageously adjusted according to different criteria, as already explained. The present invention has the advantage of improving the coefficient of performance of the thermodynamic water heater while improving the efficiency of the photovoltaic cells when the source is a solar panel. It is also possible to implement another network or a branch of networks described above (not shown) to ventilate and / or cool the heat-treated air source when the latter reaches too high temperatures and / or it is not used as a booster for thermodynamic water heaters. The present invention has been illustrated according to three embodiments

Claims (13)

REVENDICATIONS1. Ventilation installation of a housing assembly comprising at least two housings (3), said installation (1) comprising: - at least one fan (5, 15), able to circulate the air between said ventilator and at least one housing, - at least two thermodynamic water heaters (4), each of said at least two thermodynamic water heaters (4) being disposed in one of said at least two housings (3), and - at least one heat treatment source of air (10) in fluid relation with said at least two thermodynamic water heaters (4), said at least one source (10) being distinct from said housings (3). 2. Installation according to claim 1, comprising a fan (15) associated with said at least one heat source (10) for moving air treated by said at least one heat source (10). 3. Installation according to one of claims 1 or 2, comprising a control member (19) of the amount of air supplying each thermodynamic water heater (4) of heat-treated air by said at least one heat source (10) . 4. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a fan (5) said central capable of circulating the air between said fan (5) and at least two housings (3). 5. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each thermodynamic water heater (4) is provided with a fan (16). 6. Installation according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the heat treatment source (10) is a solar panel, or a tapping of air outside the installation or an area of a collective dwelling, such as a roof or attic, or a garage. 7. Installation according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising an enclosure for each thermodynamic water heater, each chamber being provided with a first air inlet (12) in fluid relation with said at least one heat treatment source ( 10). 8. Installation according to the preceding claim, wherein each enclosure comprises a second air inlet (9) in fluidic relation with at least one air vent of the installation. 9. Installation according to the preceding claim, wherein the first (12) and the second inputs (9) are separate or combined. 10. Installation according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein each enclosure (17) comprises an air outlet (13). 11. thermodynamic water heater adapted to an installation according to one of the preceding claims, comprising an enclosure (17) provided with a first air inlet (12) adapted to be in fluid relation with at least one heat treatment source air (10), a second air inlet (9) adapted to be in fluid connection with at least one ventilation opening (14) of the installation, and an air outlet (13). 12. A thermodynamic water heater according to claim 11, comprising a control member (19) for the amount of air supplied by the heat treatment source of air. 13. The method of regulating an installation according to one of claims 3 to 10, comprising a step of controlling at least one of the control members (19) according to at least one criterion chosen from at least: an air flow extracted from the dwellings and / or the temperature of the heat-treated air source and / or the outside temperature and / or the opening rate of the other control elements and / or the quantity of hot water remaining in each thermodynamic water heater and / or hot water draw of each thermodynamic water heater and / or an hour or calendar period and / or at least one information provided by an outdoor server and / or the temperature of the extracted air housing.