FR2923495A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETACHING TIMBALES FROM ANODIC FOOTS, IN PARTICULAR ANODES USED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALUMINUM BY INTEGRAL ELECTROLYSIS - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of removing the timpani attached to the logs from an anode rod foot in a single step, comprising the steps of: a) placing said anode rod foot between an abutment device and an etching device said abutment device surrounding, at least partially, each of the logs of said anode stem foot and having an abutment surface blocking the advancement of the corresponding timpani; b) moving the driving device towards the abutment device until said anode foot comes into contact with said abutment device; c) continuing the movement of the driving device so that each cup, blocked by the associated abutment surface, is detached from the corresponding log; stopping and removing the driving device In this method, an abutment device is used comprising at least two abutment surfaces located at an axial distance from one another such that the timbales blocked by a first surf Ace of stop are disengaged from the logs before the other timbales are blocked by the other abutment surface.

Description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETACHING ANODIUM FOOT TIMBALES, IN PARTICULAR ANODES USED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALUMINUM BY ELECTROLYSIS IGNEE TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to the production of aluminum by igneous electrolysis. It relates more particularly to a method for removing the metal sleeves attached to the feet of the rods of anodes to reuse said rods after cleaning and to recycle the material of the removed sockets.

STATE OF THE ART

Aluminum is produced industrially by igneous electrolysis, that is to say by electrolysis of alumina in solution in a bath of molten cryolite, called electrolyte bath, according to the Hall-Héroult process. The electrolyte bath is contained in electrolysis cells which comprise a steel box lined internally with refractory and / or insulating materials and a cathode assembly located at the bottom of the tank. Anodes, typically of carbonaceous material, are attached to a superstructure provided with means for moving them vertically, said anodes being consumed progressively during the electrolysis process. The assembly formed by an electrolytic cell, its anodes and the electrolyte bath is called an electrolysis cell.

The anodes comprise a conductive metal rod, associated with an attachment device on said superstructure and with an electrical connection device, and a block of carbon material which constitutes the body of the anode and which is introduced inside the electrolyte bath. The connection between the anode rod and the body of carbonaceous material is via a foot, typically made of steel, integral with the base of the rod and which generally has an inverted candelabrum shape, each branch of the candelabrum being associated with a cylindrical end whose axis is parallel to the rod and which is called "log". In general, these logs are introduced into recesses 5 made on the upper face of the block of carbon material and the interstices existing between the logs and the bores are filled by casting a molten metal, typically cast iron. The metal bushings thus produced - also called timbales - make it possible to ensure good mechanical attachment and a good electrical connection between the rod and the block made of carbon material.

In operation, an electrolysis plant requires the regular replacement of the anodes that are consumed throughout the production of aluminum. The regeneration of a spent anode is a mandatory economic operation which consists in removing the cooled electrolyte bath which has remained stuck on the anode butt (residual carbon block), then removing the butt and the timbales for recycling them, and finally to clean, and straighten if necessary, the assembly consisting of the rod and the anode foot to associate it with a new block 20 of carbon material and thus obtain a new anode. On the other hand, some new anodes (typically 1 to 2% of them) may have defects, for example a cracked carbon block, as they have to be set aside to be directly returned and recycled with the anodes. waste, without being introduced into the electrolysis cells. The anode remains and the timbales were previously removed using strippers, the anode being held upright. The anode legs were more or less directly subjected to the efforts of the stripper and their life was very short. The strippers are generally specialized: those intended to remove the residual blocks are called staple removers and those intended to remove the timbales are called "disassemblers". Some devices, called dégrafonteuses, allow in a single movement to carry out the disassembly and the disassembly. In practice, because of the efforts that have been made, the dismantlers carry out the removal of only one timbale at a time. For example, the German patent application DE 44 10 599 describes a device for carrying out the disassembly and the disassembly around each log of an anode foot: a clamp closes to partially surround said log, without touching it, its lower face acting as an axial stop opposing the movement of the driven timbale, via the log, by a punch. The stop device and the punch are movable relative to the log and can move towards each other by means of an actuator. By means of a recess which is provided in the stop device and which surrounds the log with a larger diameter than that of the timbale, the punch first fragments the butt, removes the butt fragments and then deforms and detaches the timbales. Such a disassembly device, associated or not with a disintegration device, has the advantage of only soliciting the anode rod locally, the stripping forces being taken directly by the upper part of the clamp which serves as counter -support. By cons, this device, particularly bulky, can work on a single log, which has the disadvantage of requiring a significant time to completely undress an anode rod.

Several documents of the prior art describe less bulky machines working simultaneously on several logs.

French patent application FR 2,718,989, as well as US Pat. No. 5,733,423, propose a dismounting machine provided with a plurality of torsion-driving devices acting simultaneously on each timbale. In this solution, the replacement of the axial displacement punches by torsion-drive devices 2923495 -4 requires the separation of the disassembly of the disassembly, that is to say to specifically use a machine specialized in the disintegration and then a machine specialized in the dismantling. On the other hand, the risk of damage to the anode legs does not disappear even if it changes in nature; the torsion torque is transmitted in a fragile zone of the log, where the latter is welded to the transverse branch.

US Patent 5,956,842 discloses a degrafonteuse with vertical displacement punches associated with axial stops. These are slender w punches placed under the logs and in their alignment, of smaller diameter than the logs and acting upwards. When the punches rise, they first meet the butt and then, after unscrewing, the face lower the logs so that, the upper face of the timpani being blocked by a stop wall, the timbales are deformed and detach logs, 15 while remaining trapped by slender punches. The abutment wall is constituted by the underside of tongs which individually close around each log without touching it. The disadvantage associated with this solution lies in the importance of the effort required to achieve the simultaneous disassembly of all the logs. On the other hand, since the tongs themselves bear on a common plate, the recovery of the stripping forces is not really individualized so that the anode foot remains sensitive to the imbalance of the stresses resulting from the imperfect geometry. symmetrical of the anode foot,

Similarly, the degreaser proposed by the Applicant in the French patent application FR 2 894 988 has jaws which close individually around each log so that a stop wall opposes the upward movement of the driven timpani. by the punches through the logs. The individual recovery stripping efforts 30 allows to spare the anode feet but here must also provide a significant effort to achieve the simultaneous removal of all logs. The international application WO01 / 57291 deals with the well-known problem of the imperfect geometry of anode rods that are frequently used and recycled in an electrolysis workshop; their transverse arms are more or less inclined and the logs are more or less worn, so that the ends of logs and associated timbales are not all at the same level with respect to the advance of the punches. According to the author of WO01 / 57921, the imbalance of forces due to the imperfect current geometries of the anode legs is such that it is necessary to control individually the movement of the punches and ~ o their contact with the end of the logs In this way, we control the moment when each punch comes into contact with the log with which it is associated and can thus trigger in a synchronized way the stripping of the logs. This device therefore imposes the establishment of a large set of individual actuators punches and a complex electronic control system 15 of these actuators. In addition, it is always necessary to provide a major effort to achieve the simultaneous dismantling of all logs.

The object of the invention is to define a method of removing worn anodes (or new rejects) which does not have the drawbacks presented above, in particular which enables the dismantling of all the logs of one foot. anode in one step and with a single machine, without requiring the use of considerable effort, without requiring the introduction of a complex electronic control system, while aiming at a risk of damage to the anode foot also as low as possible. Advantageously, the machine used to implement this method could also be used to implement the disassembly. In addition, in the latter case, the remains of anode blocks and timbales could advantageously be sorted out of the same machine, as in FR 2 894 988, to be recycled directly to the anode manufacturing plants. INVENTION A first object according to the invention is a method for removing in a single step the n timbales attached to the n logs of an anode stem foot, n being an integer greater than or equal to 3, said method comprising at least the following steps: a) placing said anode rod foot between an abutment device and a driving device, said driving device being movable by means of an actuator towards said device abutment device, said abutment device surrounding, at least partially, each of the n logs of said anode rod foot and having an abutment surface blocking the advance of the corresponding timbale; B) moving the driver in the direction of the stopper so that said driver comes into contact with the anode foot and drives the anode foot until said anode foot comes into contact said stop device; c) continuing the movement of the driver so that each cup, blocked by the associated abutment surface, is detached from the corresponding log; d) stopping and removing the driver; said method being characterized by using a stop device comprising at least two abutment surfaces separated from each other by an axial distance such that the timbales blocked by a first abutment surface are disconnected from the logs to which they were fixed before other timbales were blocked by the other stop surface.

The driving device can be moved using at least one actuator, typically a hydraulic cylinder. The displacement can be a simple translation or, as in DE 44 10 599, a rotation about a horizontal axis. In fact, the displacement can be effected in any substantially constant direction, generally defined by the torque formed by the relative position of the driver with respect to the stopper, the attack to be performed substantially frontally. Later, the trips made in this direction will be called "axial". In practice, one chooses the vertical direction, which makes it possible to avoid the installation of an additional device of handling of the anodes. Indeed, the spent anode is usually transported using an air ~ o conveyor, vertically, that is to say, attached to the conveyor by the upper end of its rod. Once placed in the machine, its rod is held by holding means, typically centering clamps, which allow axial movement of the rod, the stem foot having to be able to move in this direction when it is reached by the driver device. In order to allow said axial displacement, the holding means are advantageously provided, in contact with the rod, pads with low coefficient of friction

According to the invention, the driving device comprises a plurality of n punches 20 which move along the axes of the n logs. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, they advance simultaneously, typically mounted on a transverse beam or several integral transverse beams, moved (s) by one or more actuators, for example hydraulic cylinders.

The abutment device surrounds, at least partially, each of the n logs of said anode stem foot: typically, this abutment device is in the form of a part or a set of several supporting parts, directly or indirectly, on one or more elements fixed to the frame 30 of the machine and having, at each log, a notch surrounding the log which allows the latter to move axially in the through 2923495 -8 and an abutment face s opposed to the axial advance of the timbale associated with the corresponding log. Typically, the indentation is in the form of a bore or a bore portion which at least partially surrounds the log, for example with a diameter at least 1 mm greater than the outer diameter of the timpani . In particular when the logs have a small slenderness, a lateral cavity, corresponding to the passage of the transverse arm of the rod foot supporting said log, can be connected to this bore to complete said notch. Said bore is surmounted, in its upper part, with a shoulder or an internal projection, w of radial height typically equal to the thickness of the timbale, and whose lower face acts as an abutment surface opposing the advance of the kettledrum.

The stop device comprises according to the invention at least two abutment surfaces located at a different level with respect to the advance of the driving device, so that some timpani are locked during the advance of the punch and are thus disconnected from their logs while other timbales, not immobilized, remain fixed on their respective logs This reduces the stripping effort. To avoid an imbalance of the stresses detrimental to the good behavior of the stem foot, it is advantageous to associate the stop surfaces of the same level with timbales of logs arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of the rod. Before developing this point, it is useful to describe the usual configurations taken by the logs of the feet of the anode rods. Since the most homogeneous current density possible within the anodic block is aimed at, the logs are arranged either in line, in the direction of the long side of the anode block, for the narrowest anodes, or symmetrically by relative to the median plane of the anodic block, parallel to the large side. If the logs are in line, n may be odd and if n is odd (n = 2p +1), the anode foot has an axial log located in the axis of the rod. But in 2923495 -9 all the other cases, the logs are even in number and arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of the rod. The foot then has p pairs of associated logs said peripherals, in that none of them does not pass through the axis of the rod even if some of them are close to it. Thus, whether n is even (n = 2p) or odd (n = 2p + 1), the anode foot generally comprises p pairs of associated peripheral logs, symmetrical with respect to the axis of the rod, and possibly an axial log.

~ o Preferably therefore, the stop device comprises at least a first abutment surface for blocking the advance timpani attached to two associated peripheral logs, symmetrical with respect to the axis of the rod and a second abutment surface, axially offset relative to the first abutment surface, intended to block either a second pair of timpani 15 fixed on other associated peripheral logs or, if it exists, the timbale fixed on the axial log.

Advantageously, each pair of associated peripheral logs corresponds to a specific level of stop, axially offset from that of the other 20 pairs of peripheral logs and, if it exists, that of the axial log.

The separation of the timbales and logs results from the immobilization of the timbale while the punch continues its progress. An axial force is generated in the timbale in response to the force transmitted by the driver via the punch and the log. It is created in the thickness of the kettledrum, with probably a maximum intensity in the vicinity of this contact surface, a scission stress which, as the punch advances, increases until reaching a critical value, at from which the timbale deforms and detaches from the outer surface of the log, the axial offset is such that, during the movement of the driver, the first timbales blocked by a first abutment surface have time to be disconnected from the logs to which they were attached before other timbales are blocked by a second abutment surface. It is possible, however, that the first timbales are not yet exploded and ejected from the anode rod before other timbales are blocked by a second stop surface. The value of this offset depends on the geometries involved, in particular ~ o that of the stem, the logs and the contact surface between the timbales and the logs. For hexapods having logs 180 mm in diameter, transverse arms having a length typically close to 500 mm (distance between associated logs of the order of 1000 mm) and a section typically close to 1170 mm 2, and with timbales hooked to 15 logs over a height of 130 mm, the axial offset between two abutment surfaces must be at least equal to a value which is of the order of 20 mm. To take account of the different possible geometries, the axial offset is advantageously between 5 and 50 mm, preferably between 10 and 30 mm. 20

To reduce the risk of damage to the anode foot due to the imbalance of the stresses resulting from the imperfect geometry of said anode foot, in particular resulting from the non-rigorously equal height of the associated logs, it is advantageous to use as a device an individual stop unit assembly, each individual stop unit being associated with a single log. Preferably, each individual abutment unit comprises a fixed abutment wall integral with the frame of the machine, said stop wall opposing the axial advance of the timpan associated with the corresponding log, and a device mounted floating relative to the frame of the machine, said floating mounted device being put in place on the timpani -11- when it comes into contact with it so that the contact surface with the upper end of the timbale is the largest possible, said placing being carried out, that is to say completed or substantially advanced, before, driven by the timbale, said floating mounted device does itself arrive in abutment against said abutment wall integral with the frame of the machine . Such a floating mounted device constitutes an intermediate piece that allows the stop device to better mechanically withstand jolts due to geometry deviations, especially timpani.

Several variants of abutment units have been envisaged, in particular clamp assemblies and sleeve assemblies.

The stop units may comprise clamps whose lower face constitutes, once the clamp is closed around a log, an abutment surface opposing the displacement of the corresponding timbale; several embodiments are possible: a) The clamps are supported by one of their face on one or more elements integral with the frame, located at the same level relative to the advance 20 of the driving device, and they have different thicknesses , so that they present their other face as a stop surface with a different level. b) The clamps have the same thickness but are supported at different levels on elements integral with the frame; C) To avoid that some clamps are too thick, the two preceding solutions are combined: the clamps are supported on one or more elements integral with the frame, located at levels relative to the advance of the driving device, and they have different thicknesses, the level differences of the elements integral with the frame and the thicknesses of the clamps were defined so that the clamps have their other face as a stop surface with a different level. As indicated above, these clamps are advantageously mounted floating relative to the frame of the machine.

The stop units can comprise, as in FR 2 894 988, sets of jaws, typically pairs of jaws, which pivot about horizontal axes and which, when brought together, form a kind of sleeve which surrounds the log and whose lower end is provided with a stop surface opposing the movement of timpani. The possible embodiments are identical to modes a), b) and c) described above ~ o for the clamps, the thickness of the clamps being replaced here by the height of the sleeves. The driving device comprises n punches which move along the axes of the n logs. Advantageously, they are mounted on a common transverse beam (case of aligned logs) or on several symmetrically arranged transverse beams (case of logs arranged symmetrically) relative to the median plane parallel to the long side of the anode block. This beam or these beams, integral with each other, is (are) moved by one or more actuators, for example hydraulic cylinders. In this way, the punches reach the lower ends of the logs at about the same time. The timbales are attacked two by two, symmetrically with respect to the axis of the anode rod. If a timpani looses a little before the other symmetrical timpani associated with it, it may follow a sudden and very imbalance on the attack device. In order to avoid this, the latter is advantageously provided with guiding shoes which bear slidingly on vertical walls integral with the frame of the machine, designed to act as a counter-support and as guiding walls for the vertical movement of said device 30. attack. Another object of the invention is a disassembly machine for implementing the method described above, able to strip the logs of both worn anodes and new anodes rejected, comprising a device 5 for abutment and a driving device, said driving device being movable with the aid of an actuator towards said abutment device, said abutment device surrounding, at least partially, each log of the foot of the anode rod and comprising at least two abutment surfaces separated from each other by an axial distance such that the timbales blocked by a w first abutment surface are disconnected from the logs to which they were attached before the other timpani are blocked by the other abutment surface.

This machine may have the additional features or variations described above to illustrate the process.

Advantageously, it is possible to use the advancing movement of the driving device to also carry out the disintegration before the disassembly. Another object of the invention is therefore a method for extracting the anode butt and the timbales attached to a worn anode, comprising the following steps: a) placing the butt of the spent anode between a device of stop and a driving device, said driving device being movable by means of an actuator towards said abutment device, said abutment device comprising a butt stop device having a first abutment, referred to as a stop butt blocking the butt of the butt, said stop device further comprising a stopper device of the timbales surrounding, at least partially, each log and having a second stop, referred to as a timpani stop, which blocks the advance of said timpani; B) moving the spent anode until the butt is blocked by the first stop; c) moving the driving device towards the abutment device so that it comes into contact with said anode butt and imposes on said butt stresses such that the latter is fragmented and that the fragments are detached from the butt ; d) evacuation of butt fragments; e) continuing the movement of the driving device so that the timbales are blocked by the second stop and are detached from the logs; ~ o f) stopping and removing the attack device; said method being characterized in that a timpani abutment device comprising at least two abutment surfaces separated from each other by an axial distance such that the timbales blocked by a first abutment surface are disconnected from the logs to which they were attached before other timbales were blocked by the other abutment surface.

Advantageously, so as to be able to sort from the outset the different types of waste (carbon fragments and cast iron scrap), it imposes, as in FR 2 894 988, an axial distance between said first stop, or butt stop and said second stopper, or stopper of timbale which must be greater or substantially equal to the height of said timpani. Since the abutment surfaces of the timpani are not all at the same level, this is the axial distance between the nearest timbale abutment surface of the butt abutment surface and the abutment abutment surface, ie the the minimum axial distance between the abutment abutment surfaces and the abutment abutment surface, which must be greater than a value, corresponding substantially to the height of the timpani, i.e., typically greater than half the height of said timpani and preferably at least equal to said height. Another object of the invention is a de-waxing machine for carrying out the method described above, for extracting the anode butt 5 and the timbales hooked to a worn anode or a new scraped anode, comprising an abutment device and a driving device, said driving device being movable by an actuator towards said abutment device, said abutment device comprising an abutment device of butts having a first abutment , referred to as butt stop w blocking the advance of the butt, said stop device also comprising an abutment device timbales surrounding, at least partially, each log and having a second stop, called timpani stop, which blocks the advance of so-called timbales, characterized in that the stop device of the timbales comprises at least two abutment surfaces separated from each other by an axial distance such that the timbales blocked by a first abutment surface are disconnected from the logs to which they were attached before other timbales are blocked by the other abutment surface.

This machine may have the additional features or variants described above to illustrate the process.

FIGURES FIG. 1 schematically represents, in perspective, a stripping and unmounting machine implementing the stripping method according to the invention, associated or not with a stripping. As illustrated, this machine is devoid of part of its elements to visualize the anode rod to be stripped 30 and the driver. FIG. 2 completes the illustration of FIG. 1 and diagrammatically details, in dive perspective, certain elements of the machine, including in particular the stop device.

FIG. 3 completes the illustrations of the preceding figures by showing, in front view, half of the logs still coated with the timpani, the portion of the stop device and the part of the attack device associated with these logs.

FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c schematically illustrate, in front view as in FIG. 3 and in plan view, three successive stages of the dismounting such that it can be implemented using the machine illustrated in FIGS. preceding.

Example (Figures 1 to 4) The method according to the invention is described here based on a particular machine, illustrated in Figures 1 to 4, used to implement it.

In Figure 1, we can see an anode rod 110 after removal. It is a metal frame consisting of a rod 120 of conductive metal, elongated along an axis 100, and a foot 121 of steel. The foot 121 is joined to the base of the rod 120 at a welded zone commonly called clad 125. The foot is in the shape of a candelabrum turned, each branch 123 of the candelabrum being associated with a log 122. In the particular case of in this example, the foot 121 of the anode rod is a hexapod: it comprises 6 logs 122. The mechanical and electrical connection between the carbon body and each log is provided by a cast iron timpani 130.

The anode rod 110 is introduced vertically into the unclamping machine, via an overhead conveyor, not shown. The anode rod foot 121 is inserted between an abutment device 200 and an etching device 300. The driver 300 is driven by a set of cylinders 340 acting vertically, to avoid cluttering the machine. receiving table, the cylinders are offset and act on a thick double beam 310 which is actuated by the two cylinders 340 which act at each end of the double beam thus providing a free space and without obstacle under said beam, able to collect the waste that were detached from the anode rod and fell,

The driver has punches 320 which are substantially aligned with each log 122. The punches 320 have a shallow truncated cone shape with a rounded end 321 which has a smaller leading diameter. to that of logs 122.

The abutment device 200 is a set of six individualized units disposed substantially symmetrically with respect to the axis 100 of the anode rod. Three units are represented here. Each of them is in the form of a clamp 210 whose jaws 220 pivot about a vertical axis and have walls vis-à-vis with complementary fingerprints 230, the meeting, when said clamp is in the closed position, constitutes a notch which has an axis aligned with that of the log 122 and which almost completely surrounds said log without touching it so that said log can move freely in the vertical direction.

This new machine is fed with anode rods 110 to be dislodged via the main overhead conveyor (not shown). There is no need for auxiliary equipment (s). Two pneumatic positioning tongs 400 position an anode rod 110 vertically on its working axis when it has been introduced into the machine by the overhead conveyor. Six independent clamps 210 are arranged respecting the symmetries of the hexapod. Three clamps on the same side of a plane of symmetry are illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 (210.1, 210.2, 210.3). The six clamps are actuated by six hydraulic cylinders. They are mounted floating relative to the fixed frame of the machine in order to accept the geometrical defects of positioning the logs together. These clamps are self-locked in the closed position.

There are three pairs of pliers symmetrical with respect to the axis 100 of the anode rod, each pair of pliers having different thicknesses: ~ o • The 2 clamps 210.2 are the thickest; they are intended for stripping central logs 130.2: their lower faces act as abutment surfaces 211.2, opposing the advance timpani 130.2. • The two clamps 120.3 have an intermediate thickness and are intended for stripping the two outer logs 130.3 located on a diagonal of the hexapod; their lower faces serve as abutment surfaces 211.3, opposing the advance of timpani 130.3. • The 2 clamps 120.1 are the least thick are intended for stripping the last two logs 130.1 located on the other diagonal; their lower faces serve as abutment surfaces 211.1, opposing the advance of timpani 130.1.

Six fixed stops, installed on the same horizontal plane integral with the frame of the machine, not shown, ensure the vertical locking of the clamps 210 during the disassembly operation. These stops are constituted by notched tubes 25 allowing the passage of the log support beams during the rise of the rod during the disassembly phase.

A double beam 310, movable, guided and equipped with 6 punches 320, whose vertices are inscribed on the same horizontal plane, located vertically above the 6 30 logs 122 moves vertically by means of 2 hydraulic cylinders 340 installed from and other of the machine, and performs the actual disassembly operation. The hydraulic servocontrol of these 2 cylinders is ensured by rotary encoders which guarantee an almost horizontal displacement of the movable beam, whatever the forces undergone by each one of them. In this way, the punches reach the lower ends of the logs about 5 simultaneously. The timbales are attacked two by two, symmetrically with respect to the axis of the anode rod 110. If a timpani looses a little before the other symmetrical timpani associated with it, it can follow a sudden and strong imbalance on the attack device. To prevent this, the drive device is provided with guiding shoes 350 which bear slidingly on vertical walls integral with the frame of the machine, not shown in the figures.

The disassembly operation is carried out in the following order: • Introduction of the anode rod 110 to be undressed within the machine, via the overhead conveyor. • Closing of the pneumatic centering pin 400 for the positioning of the latter on its working axis. • Raising the double beam 310 movable and bringing into contact the 6 punches 320 on the lower faces of the six logs 122, which has the effect of: 20 o lifting the rod and to release the suspension chains so as to avoid generating destructive parasitic forces at the air conveyor, o to introduce the sleepers that support the logs inside the indented tubular abutments, 25 • When the double beam 310 mobile reaches a predefined position, the 6 hydraulic clamps 210 is close on the six logs 122 in the area between the top of the timpani and the underside of the crosspieces, • The centering clamps 400 rod are then open to avoid stray stresses that could be induced in the clad 125 at 30 successive operations of dismantling. 2923495 - 20 - • The continuation of the vertical rise of the mobile double beam has the effect first of putting in contact the lower face of the two central clamps 210.2 on the upper annular wall of the first 2 timpani 130.2. The upper face of the clamps being in contact on the 2 fixed stops of the machine, these 2 timbales are immobilized while the 2 punches 320.2 continue their rise, which has the effect of disengaging the timpani 130.2 of the logs 122.2 (Figure 4a) . • In a second step (Figure 4b), that is to say after the first 2 timbales have been separated from their respective logs, the 2 external clamps 210.3 located on a diagonal of the hexapod come in their turn. contact on the annular section of 2 timbales following 130.3, and the similar operation of the previous disassembly is carried out. • In a last phase (Figure 4c), that is to say after disconnection of the 2 previous timpani, the last 2 clamps 210.1 located on the other diagonal of the hexapod similarly ensure the final disassembly, disassociating the timpani 130.1 of the logs 122.1. During the rise of the punches, and thanks to the specific profile of these, the timbales burst in several pieces that fall and are collected in the lower part by a hopper 500 which feeds a conveyor 600. The cast iron waste is sent here to the sealing workshop, where new anode blocks are attached to recycled anode rods. • When the movable double beam 310 reaches a predetermined high maximum level, it begins its return movement in the low position. When the beam reaches the position previously used to close the 6 clamps, the latter are re-opened. The movement continues until the anode rod, freed of the timpani, is suspended back to its chains. • The anode rod thus disassembled is then removed from the machine, via the overhead conveyor.

Claims (22)

1. A method for removing in a single step the n (n integer greater than or equal to 3) timbales (130) attached to the n logs (122) of an anode rod foot (121), comprising at least the following steps: a) placing said anode rod foot between an abutment device (200) and a driver (300), said driver being movable by an actuator ( 340) in the direction of said stop device, said stop device surrounding, at least partially, each of the n logs of said anode rod foot and having an abutment surface (211.2) blocking the advance of the corresponding timbale (130.2) ; b) moving the driver in the direction of the stopper so that said driver comes into contact with the anode foot 15 and drives it until said anode foot comes into contact said stop device; c) continued movement of the driver so that each cup, blocked by the associated abutment surface, is detached from the corresponding log; D) stopping and removing the driver; said method being characterized by using a stop device comprising at least two abutment surfaces (211.2, 211.3) separated from each other by an axial distance such that the timbales (130.2) blocked by a first surface stop (211.2) are disconnected from the logs 25 (122.2) to which they were attached before the other timbales (130.1, 130.3) are blocked by the other abutment surface (211.1, 211.3). 2) Method according to claim 1 characterized in that said stem foot having p pairs of associated peripheral logs (122.1, 122.2, 122.3), 30 symmetrical about the axis (100) of the rod, p being an integer greater than or equal to 1, and optionally having an axial log, the stop device comprises at least a first abutment surface (211.2) intended to block the advance of the timpani (130.2) fixed on two associated peripheral logs, symmetrical with respect to the axis (100) of the shaft and a second abutment surface (211.3, 211.1) axially offset from the first abutment surface for blocking a second pair of timpani (130.3, 130.1) attached to other associated peripheral logs, or if there is one, the timbale fixed on the axial log. 3) Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, each ~ o pair of associated peripheral logs corresponds to a specific level of stop axially offset from that of other pairs of peripheral logs and, if it exists, that of axial log. 4) A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein said abutment device (200) is a set of individual abutment units each associated with a single log. 5) The method of claim 4 wherein said individual abutment unit comprises a stationary abutment wall integral with the machine frame and a device mounted floating relative to the frame of the machine, said floating mounted device being put in place on the timbale when it comes into contact with it so that the contact surface with the upper end of the timpani is the largest possible, said establishment being carried out before, driven by the timbale, said device 25 mounted floating does not itself come into abutment against said abutment wall integral with the frame of the machine. 6) A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein said abutment device (200) is a set of pliers (210.1, 210.2, 210.3), the underside of which is, once the clamp is closed around a log, an abutment surface opposing the displacement of the corresponding timbale. 7) A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the abutment units are sets of jaws which pivot about horizontal axes and which, when close together, form a kind of sleeve which surrounds the log and whose the lower end is provided with a stop surface opposing the movement of timpani. 8) Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein said driving device comprises n punches which move along the axes of the n logs and which are mounted on a common transverse beam or on several transverse beams arranged symmetrically by relative to the median plane parallel to the long side of the anodic block. 9) The method of claim 8 wherein said driving device is provided with guide pads which abut slidably on vertical walls integral with the frame of the machine, provided to act as walls for guiding the movement of said device. attack. 10) Disassembly machine, for disassembling the logs of used anodes and new anodes rejected, comprising a stop device and a driving device, said driving device being movable by means of an actuator towards said abutment device, said abutment device surrounding, at least partially, each log of the foot of the anode rod and comprising at least two abutment surfaces separated from each other by an axial distance such that the timbales blocked by a first abutment surface are disconnected from the logs with which they were associated before the other timbales are blocked by a second abutment surface. 2923495 - 24 - 11) Machine according to claim 10 wherein the stop device comprises at least a first abutment surface (211.2) intended to block the advance timpani (130.2) attached to two associated peripheral logs, symmetrical with respect to the axis ( 100) of the rod and a second abutment surface (211.3, 211.1), axially offset from the first abutment surface, for locking either a second pair of timpani (130.3, 130.1) attached to other peripheral logs. associated or, if it exists, the timbale fixed on the axial log. 12) Machine according to claim 10 or 11 wherein, to each pair of associated peripheral logs corresponds a specific stop level, axially offset from that of the other pairs of peripheral logs and, if it exists, that of the axial log. 15 13) Machine according to any one of claims 10 to 12 wherein said stop device (200) is a set of individual stop units each associated with a single log. 14) Machine according to claim 13 wherein said individual abutment unit 20 comprises a fixed abutment wall integral with the frame of the machine and a device mounted floating relative to the frame of the machine. said floating mounted device being put in place on the timpani when it comes into contact with it so that the contact surface with the upper end of the timbale is as large as possible, said setting in place being realized before, driven by the timbale, said floating mounted device does itself arrive in abutment against said abutment wall integral with the frame of the machine. 15) Machine according to any one of claims 10 to 14 wherein said abutment device (200) is a set of pliers (210.1, 210.2, 210.3), the underside of which constitutes, once the clamp is closed around 2923495 - 25 - of a log, an abutment surface opposing the displacement of the corresponding timbale. The machine of claim 14 wherein the abutment units are sets of jaws which pivot about horizontal axes and which, when brought together, form a kind of sleeve which surrounds the log and whose lower end is provided with a stop surface opposing the movement of timpani. w 17) Machine according to claim 15 wherein said clamps (210.1, 210.2, 210.3) are supported by one face on one or more elements integral with the frame, located at the same level relative to the advance of the driver, and have different thicknesses, so that they have their other face as abutment surface (211.1, 211.2, 211.3) offset axially relative to the corresponding faces of the other clamps. 18) Machine according to any one of claims 10 to 17 characterized in that said driving device comprises n punches which move along the axes of the n logs and which are mounted on a common transverse beam 20 or on several transverse beams arranged symmetrically with respect to the median plane parallel to the long side of the anode block. 19) Machine according to claim 18 wherein said driving device is provided with guide pads which abut slidably on vertical walls integral with the frame of the machine, provided to act as walls for guiding the movement of said device. 'attack. 20) A method of extracting the anode butt and the timbales attached to a worn anode or a new scraped anode, comprising the following steps: a) placing the butt of the spent anode between a stop device (200) and a driving device (300), said driving device being movable by an actuator (340) towards said stop device, said stop device comprising a device stopper of the 5 butts having a first abutment, referred to as butt stopper blocking the end of the butt, said abutment device also comprising an abutment device of the timpani surrounding, at least partially, each log and having a second abutment, called abutment of timbale, which blocks the advance of said timpani; ~ o b) moving the spent anode until the butt is blocked by the first stop; c) moving the driving device towards the abutment device so that it comes into contact with said anode butt and imposes on said butt efforts such that the latter is fragmented and the fragments are detached from the butt ; d) evacuation of butt fragments; e) continuing the movement of the driving device so that the timbales are blocked by the second stop and are detached from the logs; F) stopping and removing the driver; said method being characterized in that a timpani abutment device comprising at least two abutment surfaces separated from each other by an axial distance such that the timbales blocked by a first abutment surface are disconnected from the logs to which they were associated before other timbales were blocked by the other abutment surface. 21. The method of claim 20 wherein the minimum axial distance between the timbale abutment surfaces and the butt abutment surface is greater than a value corresponding substantially to the height of said timbales. 2923495 - 27 - 22) Degreasing machine for extracting the anode butt and the timbales attached to a worn anode or a new scraped anode, comprising a stop device and a driver, said driver device being movable to using an actuator towards said abutment device, said abutment device comprising an abutment device for butts having a first abutment, referred to as butt stop blocking the advance of the butt, said abutment device also comprising a device for abutment. stop of the timpani surrounding, at least partially w, each log and having a second stop, called timpani stop, which blocks the advance of said timpani, characterized in that the stop device of the timpani comprises at least two separate abutment surfaces from each other by an axial distance such that the timbales blocked by a first abutment surface are disengaged from the r of which they were associated before other timbales were blocked by a second abutment surface.