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FR2980732A1 - Procede et dispositif pour le soudage d'un raidisseur thermoplastique - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour le soudage d'un raidisseur thermoplastique Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2980732A1
FR2980732A1 FR1158945A FR1158945A FR2980732A1 FR 2980732 A1 FR2980732 A1 FR 2980732A1 FR 1158945 A FR1158945 A FR 1158945A FR 1158945 A FR1158945 A FR 1158945A FR 2980732 A1 FR2980732 A1 FR 2980732A1
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FR
France
Prior art keywords
stiffener
skin
sole
matrix
support means
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
FR1158945A
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English (en)
Other versions
FR2980732B1 (fr
Inventor
Florian Chotard
Pierric Malasse
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Operations SAS
Original Assignee
Airbus Operations SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airbus Operations SAS filed Critical Airbus Operations SAS
Priority to FR1158945A priority Critical patent/FR2980732B1/fr
Priority to US13/633,336 priority patent/US8603279B2/en
Publication of FR2980732A1 publication Critical patent/FR2980732A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2980732B1 publication Critical patent/FR2980732B1/fr
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/245—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool the heat transfer being achieved contactless, e.g. by radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/30—Electrical means
    • B29C65/305—Electrical means involving the use of cartridge heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/301—Three-dimensional joints, i.e. the joined area being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5346—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8122—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81415—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled
    • B29C66/81419—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled and flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81425—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being stepped, e.g. comprising a shoulder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8182—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the thermal insulating constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81821—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the thermal insulating constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
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    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
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    • B29C66/91931—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to the fusion temperature or melting point of the material of one of the parts to be joined
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/40—Weight reduction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif (600, 400) pour le soudage statique de la surface d'appui (322) d'une semelle (320) d'un raidisseur (120) sur une face (111), dite de réception, d'une peau (110), le raidisseur comportant une semelle (320) et une aile (325) s'étendant dans un plan perpendiculaire à ladite surface d'appui (322), caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend : a. une matrice (410) constituée d'un matériau métallique comportant une surface de pose (419) reproduisant la forme de la face de réception de la peau (410) ; b. une rainure (415), creusée dans ladite matrice, et dont le profil est adapté à l'introduction du raidisseur (120) dans ladite rainure ; c. des moyens de support (421, 422) constitués d'un matériau thermiquement isolant pour positionner le raidisseur (120) par rapport à la surface de pose (419) de sorte que la surface d'appui (322) dudit raidisseur soit affleurée avec ladite surface de pose (419) ; et d. un panneau conformateur (510) et des moyens pour appliquer sous pression ledit panneau conformateur sur la face de la peau (110) opposée à la face de réception (111) ; e. des moyens (425, 426, 427, 428) pour le chauffage localisé de la semelle (320) du raidisseur.

Description

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour le soudage d'un raidisseur thermoplastique sur une peau. L'invention est plus particulièrement, mais non exclusivement, dédiée au soudage d'un raidisseur et d'une peau constitués tous deux d'un matériau composite à renfort fibreux dans une matrice thermoplastique, le raidisseur présentant une section en forme d'Oméga selon une coupe transversale. L'opération de soudage d'un raidisseur sur une peau, constitués tous deux d'un matériau composite à matrice thermoplastique nécessite de porter au moins l'interface entre la peau et le raidisseur à la température de fusion du polymère constituant la matrice de la peau ou du raidisseur.
Dans ces conditions, la tenue mécanique de ladite matrice est complètement réduite, et, s'il n'est pas soutenu, le raidisseur est susceptible de s'effondrer sous son propre poids même en l'absence de pression appliquée. Par ailleurs, les polymères thermoplastiques ayant tendance à foisonner à la température de fusion, le volume de la pièce portée à cette température doit être maintenu de manière stricte durant une telle opération, par exemple par l'intermédiaire d'un outillage, pour éviter l'apparition de défauts dans les pièces. Ainsi, la mise en oeuvre du soudage statique d'un raidisseur sur une peau, lorsque la constitution dudit raidisseur comprend une matrice thermoplastique, nécessite des outillages complexes, d'un coût de réalisation et de mise en oeuvre 20 élevés. L'objet de la présente invention concerne un dispositif pour le soudage statique de la surface d'appui d'une semelle d'un raidisseur sur une face, dite de réception, d'une peau, le raidisseur comportant une semelle et une aile s'étendant dans un plan perpendiculaire à ladite surface d'appui, ledit dispositif comprenant : 25 a. une matrice constituée d'un matériau métallique comportant une surface de pose reproduisant la forme de la face de réception de la peau ; b. une rainure, creusée dans ladite matrice, et dont le profil est adapté à l'introduction du raidisseur dans ladite rainure ; c. des moyens de support constitués d'un matériau isolant thermiquement 30 pour positionner le raidisseur par rapport à la surface de pose de sorte que la surface d'appui dudit raidisseur soit affleurée avec ladite surface de pose ; d. un panneau conformateur et des moyens pour appliquer sous pression ledit panneau conformateur sur la face de la peau opposée à la face de réception ; e. des moyens pour le chauffage localisé de la semelle du raidisseur.
Ainsi, le dispositif objet de l'invention permet de concentrer le chauffage sur la zone à souder, les moyens de support isolant la zone chauffée, et la masse de l'outillage, en contact avec la peau présentant une masse et une conductivité thermique suffisante pour évacuer rapidement la chaleur transmise par conduction dans le raidisseur et dans la peau en dehors des zones chauffée. De plus, la pression de contact étant appliquée par le panneau conformateur sur la peau, il n'est pas nécessaire de soutenir le raidisseur afin qu'il résiste à cette pression de contact. En pratique, bien que le procédé de soudage soit statique, les caractéristiques du dispositif objet de l'invention permettent d'appliquer la température de soudage de manière localisée, donc pendant un temps bref, juste nécessaire au soudage sans affecter thermiquement les pièces en présence en dehors des zones de soudage. L'invention peut être mise en oeuvre selon les modes de réalisation avantageux exposés ci-après, lesquels peuvent être considérés individuellement ou selon toute combinaison techniquement opérante. Avantageusement, les moyens de chauffage localisés comprennent une plaque chauffante apte à être appliquée sur la semelle du raidisseur Ainsi la chaleur est transmise par contact de ladite plaque chauffante sur la semelle du raidisseur, ce qui permet de répartir de manière uniforme le chauffage sur toute ladite semelle.
Avantageusement, les moyens de chauffage localisés comprennent une résistance électrique apte à chauffer ladite plaque chauffante. Ce mode de réalisation est particulièrement simple de mise en oeuvre, ne nécessite pas la circulation de fluides, et l'isolation thermique de la zone chauffée permet d'obtenir néanmoins un chauffage rapide de la zone à souder.
Avantageusement, les moyens de support enserrent la semelle du raidisseur ainsi que les moyens de chauffage localisés. Ainsi, l'isolation thermique procurée par ces moyens de support, tant de la semelle que des moyens de chauffage, favorise une montée en température rapide de la semelle du raidisseur. Avantageusement, les moyens de support enserrent la semelle du raidisseur sur une distance, mesurée depuis la face d'appui, intégrant le raccordement de l'aile à ladite semelle. Cette zone de raccordement étant particulièrement susceptible de se déformer, les moyens de support permettent ainsi de soutenir celle-ci, le poids propre du raidisseur tendant à applique ledit raccordement sur les moyens de support. Avantageusement, les moyens de support sont amovibles de sorte à recevoir différentes sections de raidisseurs. Cette caractéristique permet notamment d'adapter la configuration du dispositif aux tolérances de réalisation des lots de raidisseurs notamment pour adapter l'affleurement de ceux-ci avec la surface de pose. Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, les moyens de support sont constitués d'un matériau réfractaire comprenant un liant hydraulique comprenant des silicates. Ainsi lesdits moyens peuvent être réalisés avec précision par coulage dans un moule. Avantageusement, lesdits moyens de support sont constitués d'un matériau comprenant plus de 90 % de silicate de calcium. Ainsi, lesdits moyens de support sont particulièrement isolants et peuvent être obtenus par coulage puis, au besoin, ajustés par usinage pour une précision accrue. Avantageusement, les moyens de support sont constitués par deux barrettes distinctes. Ainsi, lesdits moyens de support sont plus faciles à réaliser par coulage, et permettent une meilleure maîtrise des effets de dilatation thermique différentielle entre lesdits moyens de support, réfractaires, et la matrice, métallique.
Avantageusement la plaque chauffante est constituée d'un matériau métallique dont le coefficient de dilatation thermique ne diffère pas de plus de 50 % de celui du matériau constituant les moyens de support. Ainsi, les contraintes mécaniques introduites par la dilatation thermique différentielle entre les moyens de support et la plaque chauffante sont réduites, et lesdits moyens peuvent être ajustés de manière précise les uns dans les autres afin de ne pas marquer la peau ou les semelles des raidisseurs lors de l'opération de soudage et de fusion de la matrice. L'invention vise également un procédé pour le soudage de la surface d'appui d'une semelle d'un raidisseur constitué d'un matériau composite à renfort fibreux dans une matrice thermoplastique sur une face, dite de réception, d'une peau, le polymère thermoplastique constituant la matrice du raidisseur ayant une température de fusion et une température de transition vitreuse, ledit procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à : i. placer le dit raidisseur sur les moyens de support d'un dispositif selon l'invention de sorte que la surface d'appui du raidisseur soit affleurante avec la surface de pose de la matrice ; ii. placer la peau sur la matrice dudit dispositif la face de réception de ladite peau étant en contact avec la surface de pose ; iii. placer le panneau conformateur sur la peau ; iv. exercer une pression sur le panneau conformateur ; y. actionner les moyens de chauffage localisés en maintenant la pression sur le panneau conformateur jusqu'à atteindre la fusion du polymère thermoplastique constituant la matrice du raidisseur vi. couper les moyens de chauffage localisés en conservant la pression sur le panneau conformateur ; vii. relâcher la pression sur le panneau conformateur lorsque la température de la semelle du raidisseur est inférieure à la température de transition vitreuse du polymère thermoplastique constituant la matrice du raidisseur. Ainsi, ledit procédé permet de souder de manière particulièrement économique une pluralité de raidisseurs sur une peau au cours de la même opération, le cycle de soudage restant d'un temps constant, quel que soit le nombre de raidisseurs soudés au cours dudit cycle. Les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention seront mieux appréciés grâce à la description qui suit, description qui expose les caractéristiques de l'invention au travers d'un exemple non limitatif d'application. La description s'appuie sur les figures annexées dans lesquelles : - la figure 1 montre selon une vue en perspective un exemple de panneau raidi comprenant une peau et des raidisseurs ; - la figure 2 illustre, selon une vue en perspective, un panneau raidi comprenant un renfort par lâcher de plis sur sa surface de réception d'un raidisseur ; - la figure 3, est une vue en coupe selon un plan en section droite A-A définie figure 2 de la liaison d'un raidisseur de section en Oméga avec une peau ; - la figure 4 illustre selon une vue en perspective et en éclaté un exemple de réalisation d'un dispositif de soudage selon l'invention ; - la figure 5 est une vue en section droite d'un dispositif selon un exemple de réalisation de l'invention au cours du soudage d'un raidisseur en Oméga sur une peau ; - la figure 6 montre un exemple de réalisation d'un dispositif selon l'invention adaptée au soudage d'une pluralité de raidisseurs sur une peau ; - et la figure 7 est un exemple de cycle de chauffage pressurisation adapté au soudage d'un raidisseur à matrice thermoplastique sur une peau. On a représenté à la figure 1, un panneau raidi (100) constitué d'une peau (110) sur laquelle sont fixés des raidisseurs (1201, 1202, 1203, 1204). Lesdits raidisseurs sont fixés en appui sur l'une des faces, dite face de réception (111), de la peau (110).
Selon un exemple de réalisation illustré figure 2, la peau (110) est constituée d'une stratification de plis de fibres continues, dans une matrice polymère thermoplastique, obtenue par drapage et compactage - consolidation selon des techniques connues de l'art antérieur.
L'opération de drapage peut comprendre des lâchers de plis de sorte à constituer des zones d'épaisseurs différentes, formant des gradins (211, 212, 213) sur l'une ou l'autre face de la peau (110). Pour assurer un transfert de charge dans tous les plis correspondant au renforcement (212) d'épaisseur, la zone de lâcher de plis, correspondant à une zone de raccordement entre deux gradins (211, 212) est réalisée selon une pente h/l. Généralement ladite pente est comprise entre 0,05 et 0,1. Selon ce mode de réalisation, le raidisseur (120) comprend des soyages (221, 222) en vis-à-vis des changements d'épaisseur de la peau. Lesdits soyages (221, 222) sont obtenus lors de la fabrication du raidisseur, lequel peut avantageusement être réalisé par estampage à chaud d'une plaque préconsolidée d'un composite à matrice thermoplastique selon des techniques connues de l'art antérieur. Le raidisseur (120) est ainsi formé de sorte que les soyages (221, 222) dudit raidisseur épousent les changements d'épaisseur correspondant aux passages d'un gradin à l'autre sur la surface de la peau (110). Comme on le voit sur la figure 3, selon une vue en section droite, la section du raidisseur (120) est, selon cet exemple de réalisation, en forme d'Oméga et comprend une semelle (320). Cette semelle (320) comporte sur l'une de ses faces une face (321) dite d'appui, à apte à s'appuyer sur la face réceptrice (111) de la peau (110).
Deux ailes (325, 326) s'étendent, en section, depuis ladite semelle (320) dans un plan sensiblement perpendiculaire à la surface d'appui (321), en l'occurrence le plan de coupe (A-A) correspondant à la vue de la figure 3. Lesdites ailes (325, 326) sont raccordées à ladite semelle (320) par des zones de raccordement (327, 328) en l'occurrence des rayons de raccordement selon cette vue en section droite.
Comme illustré à la figure 4, le dispositif objet de l'invention comprend une matrice (410), laquelle matrice est constituée d'un matériau métallique, par exemple d'un acier doux non allié de type E24 présentant une limite élastique de 240 MPa, facilement usinable. La dite matrice comporte une surface de pose (419) dont le profil reproduit en négatif la surface de réception de la peau (110). Cette matrice est ouverte par une rainure (415) apte à englober le raidisseur (120). Selon cet exemple de réalisation, deux barrettes (421, 422) constituées d'un matériau réfractaire majoritairement à base de carbonate de calcium, sont placées dans des feuillures (411, 412) de part et d'autre de ladite rainure (415). Lesdites barrettes (421, 422) comportent une rainure (423, 424) épaulée apte à recevoir des moyens de chauffage. Lesdits moyens de chauffage sont constitués, selon cet exemple de réalisation, par des résistances électriques (427, 428) placées dans chaque rainure (423, 424) des barrettes réfractaires (421, 422), lesdites rainures (423, 424) étant obturées par des plaques (425, 426) dites plaques chauffantes. Ces plaques chauffantes sont constituées d'un alliage de fer (Fe) et de nickel (Ni), connu commercialement sous les noms d'INVAR ® ou de PERNIFER ® et dont la température de Curie est supérieure à la température de fusion du polymère constituant la matrice des raidisseurs (120) et de la peau (110) à souder. Un tel matériau présente un coefficient de dilatation thermique compris entre 1.10-6.K-1 et 5.10-6.K-1 à la température de fusion de ladite matrice thermoplastique. Les barrettes réfractaires (421, 422) sont obtenues par coulage dans un moule, les silicates de calcium. Les barrettes solidifiées sont alors étuvées de sorte à en éliminer toute trace d'humidité. Après démoulage, les barrettes (421, 422) peuvent être usinées pour une précision géométrique accrue. Constituées à 90 % de silicate de calcium (CaO2SiO4) les barrettes possèdent un faible coefficient de dilatation thermique, du même ordre de grandeur que celui du matériau métallique constituant les plaques chauffantes. Ceci permet d'éviter d'ajuster les différentes pièces avec précision, sans risque de contraintes exagérées du fait des dilatations thermiques différentielles. Ce faible coefficient de dilatation thermique permet également auxdites barrettes de résister aux chocs thermiques. En faisant maintenant référence à la figure 5, on constate que, dans le présent exemple de réalisation nullement limitatif, les dimensions des feuillures (411, 412) de la matrice et des barrettes sont ajustées de sorte que les bordures longitudinales desdites barrettes (421, 422) soient affleurantes avec la surface de pose de la matrice. Les rainures (423, 424) des barrettes (421, 422) sont ajustées de sorte que les surfaces des plaques chauffantes (425, 426) soient affleurantes avec la surface des barrettes. Lesdites barrettes sont ajustées de sorte que les interfaces latérales avec la matrice (521) et avec les plaques chauffantes (522) soient sans jeu à la température de soudage de sorte à éviter les écoulements du polymère constituant la matrice des pièces à assembler par ces interfaces. Les plaques chauffantes (425, 426) étant insérées dans les rainures (423, 424) des barrettes thermiquement isolantes, les dites plaques sont chauffées très rapidement par les résistances thermiques (427, 428) situées juste en dessous de celles-ci et également insérées dans lesdites rainures (423, 424). Le matériau constituant la matrice (410) et le matériau constituant les plaques chauffantes, est 140 fois plus conducteur que les barrettes (421, 422) d'un point de vue thermique et sa diffusivité thermique est environ six fois plus importante que celle desdites barrettes.
Ainsi, lorsque les moyens de chauffage sont actionnés en faisant passer un courant électrique dans les résistances (427, 428), les plaques chauffantes (425, 426) sont rapidement portées à la température désirée et la température s'homogénéise rapidement dans lesdites plaques. La chaleur est transmise à la semelle du raidisseur (120) et se propage dans ledit raidisseur, essentiellement par l'intermédiaire des fibres lorsque celles-ci sont en carbone, notamment vers l'aile dudit raidisseur. En dehors des plaques chauffantes, ledit raidisseur est en contact avec la peau (110) et avec les barrettes (421, 422). La capacité calorifique massique desdites barrettes étant importante, les échanges thermiques vers la peau (110) sont favorisés. La peau est en contact avec la surface de pose de la matrice. La capacité calorifique massique de la matrice (410) est plus faible que celle des barrettes alors que sa conductivité et sa diffusivité thermique sont nettement plus élevées que celles des barrettes. Ainsi, la peau évacue la chaleur qu'elle reçoit par l'intermédiaire de la semelle du raidisseur (120), par son contact avec la matrice, laquelle matrice (410) est isolée des plaques chauffantes (425, 426) par les barrettes réfractaires. De la sorte, par le choix des matériaux et l'agencement des pièces, le dispositif objet de l'invention permet de concentrer l'élévation de température à l'interface entre le raidisseur (120) et la peau (110) et de porter rapidement cette zone d'interface à la température de fusion de la matrice des matériaux les constituant.
L'aile du raidisseur étant également chauffée, ladite aile est supportée par les barrettes réfractaires dans la zone de raccordement entre ladite aile et la semelle du raidisseur (120), pour éviter qu'elle ne s'effondre sous l'effet de son propre poids. La pression nécessaire à la réalisation de la soudure est produite par un panneau conformateur (510) appliqué sur la face opposée à la face de réception de la peau (110). Ainsi, aucune pression n'est appliquée directement sur le raidisseur et seule la semelle dudit raidisseur subi cette pression de soudage. Ce panneau conformateur est avantageusement constitué d'un composite à renfort fibreux dans une matrice polymère inorganique à base d'aluminosilicates alcalins. Un tel matériau est distribué par exemple par la société PYROMERAL Systems S.A., 13 rue d'Ognon, 60 810 Barbery, France, sous la dénomination PYROTOOL ®. Ce matériau présente une faible effusivité thermique, de l'ordre de 800 J.K-1. -m 2.s-1/2 de sorte que les échanges thermiques avec la peau sont réduits, favorisant ainsi la localisation de l'élévation de température lors de l'opération de soudage. Le dispositif objet de l'invention est également parfaitement adapté au soudage de raidisseurs en Té. À cette fin, il suffit de changer les barrettes (423, 424) pour les adapter à une autre section de raidisseur. Dans la mesure où les affleurements doivent être précis pour éviter le marquage des pièces. Différentes barrettes peuvent être utilisées pour tenir compte des variations d'épaisseur entre lots de raidisseurs. Le chauffage se propageant au moins jusqu'au raccordement entre l'aile du raidisseur et la semelle, une relative adaptation de forme entre la peau et le raidisseur est réalisée au cours de l'opération de soudage. Le dispositif objet de l'invention, peut avantageusement être combiné, pour créer un outillage (600) adapté au soudage (voir figure 6), en un seul cycle d'une pluralité de raidisseurs sur une peau. Un tel outillage peut comprendre des moyens autonomes (non représentés) pour appliquer la pression sur le panneau conformateur, ou être placé dans un autoclave. La figure 7 montre alors un exemple de cycle de chauffage pressurisation adapté au soudage d'un raidisseur à matrice thermoplastique sur une peau, une fois les raidisseurs, la peau, et le panneau conformateur installé sur un outillage selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention. Selon un cycle de pression (720) et de température (710) en fonction du temps (700), une première étape (701) dite de pressurisation, consiste à appliquer une pression (720) sur le panneau conformateur. Au cours d'une étape de chauffage (702) l'interface entre la peau et les semelles des raidisseurs est portée à une température (710) supérieure à la température de fusion (711) de la matrice du raidisseur, tout en maintenant la pression (720). Le chauffage est obtenu par exemple en faisant circuler un courant électrique dans les résistances (727, 728). Le contrôle de la température peut être obtenu par un asservissement avec une mesure réalisée par un thermocouple, ou un temps de chauffage sous une intensité donnée peut être déterminé de manière empirique. Après un éventuel maintien (703) en température et sous pression, les moyens de chauffage sont coupés de sorte à entamer le refroidissement (704) la pression sur le panneau conformateur étant maintenue. Lorsque la température (710) est descendue sous la température (712) de transition vitreuse de la matrice du raidisseur, la pression (720) peut être relâchée.
La durée du cycle est sensiblement la même quel que soit le nombre de raidisseurs soudés. La description ci-avant et les exemples de réalisation montrent que l'invention permet de souder de manière économique et productive une pluralité de raidisseurs, notamment de section en Oméga, sur une peau, y compris dans le cas où la surface de réception de ladite peau comprend des renforts locaux sous la forme de lâchers de plis. Bien que les figures se rapportant à la description ci-avant soient présentées, pour des raisons de simplification graphique, dans le cas de peau planes, le dispositif objet de l'invention est parfaitement adapté à la soudure de raidisseurs sur une peau en double courbure, à la condition que les raidisseurs soient préformés à la forme adaptée avant soudage.

Claims (11)

  1. REVENDICATIONS1. Dispositif (600, 400) pour le soudage statique de la surface d'appui (322) d'une semelle (320) d'un raidisseur (120) sur une face (111), dite de réception, d'une peau (110), le raidisseur comportant une semelle (320) et une aile (325) s'étendant dans un plan perpendiculaire à ladite surface d'appui (322), caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend : a. une matrice (410) constituée d'un matériau métallique comportant une surface de pose (419) reproduisant la forme de la face de réception de la peau (410) ; b. une rainure (415), creusée dans ladite matrice, et dont le profil est adapté à l'introduction du raidisseur (120) dans ladite rainure ; c. des moyens de support (421, 422) constitués d'un matériau thermiquement isolant pour positionner le raidisseur (120) par rapport à la surface de pose (419) de sorte que la surface d'appui (322) dudit raidisseur soit affleurée avec ladite surface de pose (419) ; et d. un panneau conformateur (510) et des moyens pour appliquer sous pression ledit panneau conformateur sur la face de la peau (110) opposée à la face de réception (111) ; e. des moyens (425, 426, 427, 428) pour le chauffage localisé de la semelle (320) du raidisseur.
  2. 2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de chauffage localisés comprennent une plaque chauffante (425, 426) apte à être appliquée sur la semelle du raidisseur.
  3. 3. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de chauffage localisés comprennent une résistance électrique (427, 428) apte à chauffer ladite plaque chauffante (425, 426).
  4. 4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de support enserrent la semelle (320) du raidisseur (120) ainsi que les moyens de chauffage localisés.
  5. 5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de support (421, 422) enserrent la semelle du raidisseur sur une distance, mesuréedepuis la face d'appui (322), intégrant le raccordement (327, 328) de l'aile à ladite semelle (320).
  6. 6. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de support (421, 422) sont amovibles de sorte à recevoir différentes sections de raidisseurs (120).
  7. 7. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de support (421, 422) sont constitués d'un matériau réfractaire comprenant un liant hydraulique comprenant des silicates.
  8. 8. Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de support (421, 422) sont constitués d'un matériau comprenant plus de 90 % de silicate de calcium.
  9. 9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de support (421, 422) sont constitués par deux barrettes distinctes.
  10. 10. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 2 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la plaque chauffante (427, 428) est constituée d'un matériau métallique dont le coefficient de dilatation thermique ne diffère pas de plus de 50 % de celui du matériau constituant les moyens de support.
  11. 11. Procédé pour le soudage de la surface d'appui (322) d'une semelle (320) d'un raidisseur (120) constitué d'un matériau composite à renfort fibreux dans une matrice thermoplastique sur une face (111), dite de réception, d'une peau (110) le polymère thermoplastique constituant la matrice du raidisseur ayant une température de fusion (711) et une température de transition vitreuse (712), caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes consistant à : i. placer le dit raidisseur sur les moyens de support (421, 422) d'un dispositif (400, 600) selon la revendication 1 de sorte que la surface d'appui (322) du raidisseur soit affleurante avec la surface de pose (419) de la matrice (410) ; ii. placer la peau (110) sur la matrice dudit dispositif, la face de réception (111) de ladite peau étant en contact avec la surface de pose (419) ; iii. placer le panneau conformateur (510) sur la peau ; iv. exercer (701) une pression (720) sur le panneau conformateur ;y. actionner (702) les moyens de chauffage localisés en maintenant la pression sur le panneau conformateur jusqu'à atteindre la température (711) de fusion du polymère thermoplastique constituant la matrice du raidisseur vi. couper (704) les moyens de chauffage localisés en conservant la pression sur le panneau conformateur ; vii. relâcher la pression sur le panneau conformateur lorsque la température de la semelle du raidisseur est inférieure à la température (712) de transition vitreuse du polymère thermoplastique constituant la matrice du raidisseur.
FR1158945A 2011-10-04 2011-10-04 Procede et dispositif pour le soudage d'un raidisseur thermoplastique Expired - Fee Related FR2980732B1 (fr)

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FR1158945A FR2980732B1 (fr) 2011-10-04 2011-10-04 Procede et dispositif pour le soudage d'un raidisseur thermoplastique
US13/633,336 US8603279B2 (en) 2011-10-04 2012-10-02 Process and device for welding a thermoplastic stiffener

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