FR2955573A1 - Materiau de cathode optimise pour une batterie de technologie lithium metal polymere - Google Patents
Materiau de cathode optimise pour une batterie de technologie lithium metal polymere Download PDFInfo
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- FR2955573A1 FR2955573A1 FR1050611A FR1050611A FR2955573A1 FR 2955573 A1 FR2955573 A1 FR 2955573A1 FR 1050611 A FR1050611 A FR 1050611A FR 1050611 A FR1050611 A FR 1050611A FR 2955573 A1 FR2955573 A1 FR 2955573A1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 26
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000011817 metal compound particle Substances 0.000 title 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000399 iron(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical class [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013528 LiN(SO2 CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052909 inorganic silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910014562 C—LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 p: a Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910006130 SO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 2
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-4-methylpentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C(O)=O)NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O STMDPCBYJCIZOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JECYNCQXXKQDJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methylhexan-2-yloxymethyl)oxirane Chemical class CCCCC(C)(C)OCC1CO1 JECYNCQXXKQDJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- VALODBNNMHVQKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-carbamoyl-5-[4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phenyl]benzoic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(F)(F)F)=C1 VALODBNNMHVQKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHIDNBAQOFJWCA-UAKXSSHOSA-N 5-fluorouridine Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(F)=C1 FHIDNBAQOFJWCA-UAKXSSHOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000182067 Fraxinus ornus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013021 LiCoC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013275 LiMPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001305 LiMPO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015667 MoO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000362 Polyethylene-block-poly(ethylene glycol) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101100386054 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) CYS3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSNQXZYQEIKDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Fe] Chemical compound [Li].[Fe] QSNQXZYQEIKDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003647 acryloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010420 art technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001636 atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- JLUGKDWGQPNDGX-UHFFFAOYSA-L azanium;manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Mn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O JLUGKDWGQPNDGX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001669 calcium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNQRWVCLAIUHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium;oxalate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O YNQRWVCLAIUHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011263 electroactive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VEPSWGHMGZQCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-H ferric oxalate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VEPSWGHMGZQCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229940116007 ferrous phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Fe+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000155 iron(II) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SDEKDNPYZOERBP-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(ii) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O SDEKDNPYZOERBP-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium hydroxide Inorganic materials [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000209 wet digestion Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/45—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
- C01G49/009—Compounds containing iron, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
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Abstract
Description
Claims (29)
- Revendications: 1. Matériau C-AMX0 constitué par des particules d'un composé répondant à la formule A:MXC )4 qui ont une structure olivine et qui portent sur au moins une partie de leur surface un 5 film de carbone déposé par pyrolyse, la formule AMXO4 étant telle que A représente Li, seul ou partiellement remplacé par au. plus 10% atomique de Na ou. K; M représente Fe(ll), seul ou partiellement remplacé par au plus 20% atomique d'un ou plusieurs autres métaux choisis parmi Mn, Ni et Co, et/ou par au plus 10% atomique d'un ou plusieurs métaux aliovalents ou isovalents autres que Mn, Ni ou Co, et/ou par au plus 10 5% atomique de Fe(111 j; X0, représente PO4 seul ou partiellement remplacé par au plus 10% molaire d'au moins un groupe choisi parmi SO4 et 8104; ledit matériau ayant une teneur en calcium présent comme impureté inférieure à 1000 ppm.
- 2. Matériau selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en calcium présent comme 15 impureté est inférieure à 500 pprn, de préférence inférieure à 300 ppm., plus particulièrement inférieure à 1.00 ppm.
- 3. Matériau selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que M représente 1âe(11), seul ou partiellement remplacé par au plus 20% atomique d'un ou plusieurs autres métaux choisis parmi Mn, Ni et Co, et/ou par au plus 10% atomique d'un ou plusieurs métaux aliovalents ou 20 isovalents choisis parmi Mg, Mo, Nb, Ti. Al, Ta, Ge. La, Y, Yb, Sm. Ce, Cu, Hf, Cr, Zr, Bi, Zn, Ca et W, et/ou par au plus 5% atomique de Fe(111).
- 4. Matériau selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le film de carbone est uniforme, adhérent et non poudreux.
- 5. Matériau selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le film de carbone représente de 25 0,03 à 15% en poids par rapport au poids total.
- 6. Matériau selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le calcium est principalement déposé à la surface du matériau C'-_ 1XO4.
- 7. Matériau selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le calcium est principalement sous la forme d'un phosphate de calcium, comprenant optionnellement du lithium. 30
- 8. Matériau selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le matériau C-AMXO4 est CLiFeFBO4. 12
- 9. Matériau selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué par des particules élémentaires et des agglomérats de particules élémentaires.
- 10. Matériau selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la dimension des particules élémentaires est comprise entre 10 nm et 3 µm et la dimension des agglomérats est comprise 5 entre 100 nm et 30 µm.
- 11. Matériau selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il a une surface spécifique entre 5 m2/g et 50 m2/g.
- 12. Matériau selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la dimension des particules élémentaires est comprise entre 1 et 5 µm. 10
- 13. Matériau selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la dimension des agglomérats est comprise entre 1 et 10 µm.
- 14. Matériau selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que le matériau C-AMXO4 est composé de particules primaires AMXO4 avec une distribution de tailles de particules D50 comprise entre 1 et 5 gm et que la distribution de taille des agglomérats D50 de C-AMXO4 est comprise 15 entre 1 et 10 µm.
- 15. Matériau selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce qu'il est synthétisé par un procédé thermique par voie solide avec FePO4 comme source de fer et de phosphate.
- 16. Matériau selon la revendication 15 caractérisé en ce que le FePO4 a une teneur en calcium présent comme impureté inférieure à 1000 ppm. 20
- 17. Matériau selon la revendication 16 caractérisé en ce que le FePO4 a une teneur en calcium présent comme impureté inférieure à 500 ppm, de préférence inférieur à 300 ppm, plus particulièrement de moins de 100 ppm.
- 18. Électrode constituée par un film de matériau composite déposé sur un substrat conducteur formant collecteur de courant, caractérisée en ce que ledit matériau composite est constitué par 25 un matériau C-AMXO4 selon la revendication 1, un liant et un composé conducteur électronique.
- 19. Électrode selon la revendication 18, caractérisée en ce que le liant est un polymère composé d'au moins de 70% d'unités récurrentes -CH2-CH2O- dérivées de l'oxyde d'éthylène, dans lequel est optionnellement dissous un sel de lithium. 30
- 20. Électrode selon la revendication 19, caractérisée en ce que le sel de lithium comprend LiN(SO2CF3)2.
- 21. Électrode selon la revendication 18, caractérisée en ce que le matériau C-Ai,IX04 est C-1_,iFePO4.
- 22. Batterie constituée par une anode, une cathode et un électrolyte polymère contenant un sel de lithium, caractérisée en ce que la cathode comprend un matériau selon la revendication 1.
- 23. Batterie selon la revendication 22 caractérisée en ce que la teneur en calcium présent comme impureté de C-A11X04 est inférieure à 500 pprn.
- 24. Batterie selon la revendication 22 caractérisée en ce que la teneur en calcium présent comme impureté de C-AMXO.r est inférieure à 30()1ppm.
- 25. Batterie selon la revendication 22 caractérisée en ce que la teneur en calcium présent 10 comme impureté de C-AMXO4 est inférieure à 100 ppm.
- 26. Batterie selon la revendication 22, caractérisée en ce que le matériau C-AMX04 est C_LiFePO4.
- 27. Batterie selon l'une quelconque des revendications 22 à 26, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est de technologie lithium métal polymère. 15
- 28. Batterie selon la revendication 24, caractérisée en ce que l'électrolyte est un polymère composé au moins de 705 d'unités récurrentes -CH2-CH2O- dérivées de l'oxyde d'éthylène, dans lequel est dissous un sel de lithium.
- 29. Batterie selon l'une quelconque des revendications 22 à 28, caractérisée en ce que l'anode est du lithium métallique.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002027823A1 (fr) * | 2000-09-26 | 2002-04-04 | HYDRO-QUéBEC | Procede de synthese de materiaux redox enrobes de carbone a taille controlee |
| JP2003292307A (ja) * | 2002-01-31 | 2003-10-15 | Nippon Chem Ind Co Ltd | リン酸第一鉄含水塩結晶、その製造方法及びリチウム鉄リン系複合酸化物の製造方法 |
| JP2005050684A (ja) * | 2003-07-29 | 2005-02-24 | Nippon Chem Ind Co Ltd | Mn原子を含有するリチウム鉄リン系複合酸化物炭素複合体の製造方法 |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002027823A1 (fr) * | 2000-09-26 | 2002-04-04 | HYDRO-QUéBEC | Procede de synthese de materiaux redox enrobes de carbone a taille controlee |
| JP2003292307A (ja) * | 2002-01-31 | 2003-10-15 | Nippon Chem Ind Co Ltd | リン酸第一鉄含水塩結晶、その製造方法及びリチウム鉄リン系複合酸化物の製造方法 |
| JP2005050684A (ja) * | 2003-07-29 | 2005-02-24 | Nippon Chem Ind Co Ltd | Mn原子を含有するリチウム鉄リン系複合酸化物炭素複合体の製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| JULIEN C M; MAUGER A; AIT-SALAH A; MASSOT M; GENDRON F; ZAGHIB K: "Nanoscopic scale studies of LiFePO4 as cathode material in lithium-ion batteries for HEV application", IONICS, vol. 13, no. 6, 7 August 2007 (2007-08-07), pages 395 - 411, XP002603785, DOI: 10.1007/s11581-007-0149-0 * |
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