FR2873539A1 - Composition for fertilization and/or activation of plant growth, useful in the fields of sylviculture, arboriculture, vine-culture and horticulture, comprises, nutritive ingredient and/or water retaining ingredient - Google Patents

Abstract

Composition (A) for fertilization and/or activation of plant growth, comprises: nutritive ingredient (I) and/or water retaining ingredient (II), where (I) and/or (II) promote the growth of vegetative system of plants and are placed in divided state in the form of doses that have resistance to preserve their integrity during transportation and are capable of getting diffused through penetration in the soil. Composition (A) fertilization and/or activation of plant growth (in the field of sylviculture, arboriculture, vine-culture and horticulture), comprises: nutritive ingredient (I) and/or water retaining ingredient (II), where (I) and/or (II) promote the growth of vegetative system of plants and are placed in divided state in the form of doses that have resistance to preserve their integrity during transportation and are capable of getting diffused through penetration in the soil, in which, (I) and/or (II) are liberated from the doses placed on the soil or introduced on the surface layer of soil at the proximity of plants. An independent claim is also included for the fertilization and/or activation of plant growth in the field of sylviculture, arboriculture, vine-culture and horticulture, comprising placing or introducing (A) (containing 70-100 g of (I)) of 1-2 bags per plant and at the rate of twice per year, once during winter and/or once during spring, in to the layer of soil surface.

Description

FERTILIZER COMPOSITION AND / OR PLANT GROWTH ACTIVATOR,

  NOTABLY IN THE FIELD OF SILVICULTURE

  The present invention relates to a fertilizer and / or plant growth promoter composition in the fields of forestry, arboriculture, viticulture and horticulture, in particular silviculture, as well as the production and production of plants. field application of this composition. The plants in question are therefore generally trees, shrubs, and, in the field of viticulture, the vines.

  The application of spreading a fertilizer or amending a soil with a nutrient to promote the growth of plants has been known for a long time.

  As an example, the most familiar application is that of the spreading of mineral fertilizer mixes such as superphosphates, ammonium nitrate, and / or organic, such as urea or sediment purification on fields for cereals, oleaginous or protein crops.

  Nutrient mixtures are also used by nurserymen, horticulturists, tree growers or populiculturists. These substances are incorporated in potting mixes and are, for example, mixtures of easily digestible organic materials with inorganic materials such as NPK mixtures.

  The present invention aims to provide improvements to these fertilizer compositions both in terms of their presentation and texture as regards their formulation.

  The present invention therefore firstly relates to a fertilizer and / or plant growth promoter composition in the abovementioned fields, characterized in that it comprises at least one nutrient principle and / or at least one water-retaining principle. , said one or more nutritive principles and / or said one or more water-retaining principles being intended to promote the growth of the vegetative system of the plants or of at least a part thereof, and having been placed in the divided state then packaged in the form of doses which have sufficient strength to maintain their integrity during transport and which are capable of spreading for the purpose of penetration into the soil of said active substance (s) and / or of said water-retaining principle (s) released from doses placed on the soil or introduced into the soil surface layer near the plants.

  The vegetative system of the plants is composed of the crown, the bole and the roots.

  According to a first particular embodiment of the composition according to the present invention, a dose is in the form of a sachet or a pouch or envelope enclosing said one or more nutritive principles and / or said principles or principles. water retenters and is of a material capable of decomposing, dissolving or disintegrating by the water of precipitation (rain or snow) and / or watering and / or irrigation and / or or under a mechanical effect (wind, hail) and / or dissolution and / or by the sun's rays and / or by oxidation and / or biodegradation by the microorganisms of the soil.

  The wall of the bag or pouch may be formed of a non-woven or woven paper or sheet or web or easily decomposable film, cellulosic material with high water absorption capacity, or cellulose hydrate embrittled by plasticization by water, or polyvinyl alcohol fibers weakened by plasticization by water, or a plastic material, such as agricultural polyethylene, weakened by the sun's rays (polyethylene films stained with carbon black) .

  The pouch may be formed from two sheets or sheets or films sealed around or from a single sheet or web or film folded and sealed to form a closed pouch, the sealing being effected by adhesives such as hot melt adhesives reactivatable especially in the form of ribbons or in total coating of the sheet or web or film, or by adhesives sensitive to pressure, or by mechanical entanglement.

  To prepare the pouches or the like, according to the invention, ready for use, the various ingredients of the composition are mixed, and then finely ground in the blender or micronizer to a particle size which may be in particular from 0.05 to 1 mm, and one fills or forms the pockets or similar which one then seals.

  According to a second particular embodiment of a composition according to the present invention, a dose is in the form of a bar, a brick, an ingot, a sphere, formed by sintering of the one or more nutrients and / or water-retaining principles or by adding a water-sensitive binder, such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, caseinates and starches.

  Bars and the like, bonded or sintered, are prepared respectively by well-known binder agglomeration techniques or by well-known sintering techniques.

  The composition according to the present invention may comprise at least one nutritive principle (A) optionally having a water-retentive power, suitable for promoting in particular the growth of the foliage, chosen from calcium phosphates, hydrogenophosphates and dihydrogenphosphates; phosphates, hydrogen phosphates and potassium dihydrogen phosphates; calcium sulphate; potassium sulphate; potassium chloride; ammonium nitrate; potassium nitrate; ammonium phosphate; ammonium chloride; urea; mono- or multi-alkyl derivatives of urea; calcium cyanamide; and any form or mixture of these compounds, said one or more principles (A) being especially present in a proportion of 10 to 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the composition.

  In general, the principles (A) will be in the form of mixtures depending on the manufacturing conditions, the origin and the qualities of the starting or base products, which may be in particular natural products.

  The composition according to the present invention may comprise at least one water-retaining principle (B) possibly having a nutritive power, suitable for fixing the water in the vicinity of the roots, chosen from sodium polyacrylates, polyacrylic acids and polyacrylic acids. crosslinked, guar gums, locust bean gums, mannitol gums, xanthan gums, hydrophilic clays, polyacrylamide gels, said one or more principles (B) being in particular present in the range of 0.5 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the composition.

  The principles (B) are intended to ensure a transfer of nutrients to the roots, both those of the external supply by the compositions of the invention than those already existing in the soil.

  The composition according to the present invention may comprise at least one nutrient principle (C) optionally having a water retentive power, suitable for promoting in particular the growth of the drum and roots, chosen from cellulose fiber sources, carbohydrates, carbohydrates, lipids, by-products of the food industry, chemical and biochemical industries, parachemical industries, oilseeds industry, protein industry, industry sugar beet, the tuber industry, the timber industry, the animal slaughter industry, the fruit industry, these products may be, for example, mucilage, cakes, peanut, soybean, sunflower, rapeseed, cotton, flax, coconut, palm kernel), chips, sawdust, gangues, dry residues, bones and dried blood, remolding mills, tanning knives, the component (C) as in particular present in a proportion of 10 to 80 Éparties by weight per 100 parts by weight of the 15 composition.

  As an example of component (C), mention may be made of milling remills (bis or gray, or white) which correspond to mixtures of envelopes and flour which have been milled to obtain a homogeneous particle size, grain cleaning waste (milling screenings and vetches) in the ground state that may have been mixed with remouldings.

  The composition according to the present invention may comprise at least one nutritive principle (D) optionally having a water-retentive power, suitable for promoting the growth of the entire vegetative system, chosen from among the oligomers introduced in the form of compounds minerals, such as salts of iron, calcium, potassium, manganese, strontium, boron, magnesium, selenium, or mixed salts thereof, said oligomers being able to come from coatings of organic matter nutritive, these coatings may be electrolyte salts such as calcium chloride and potassium sulphate, said one or more nutritive principles (D) being in particular present in a proportion of 1 to 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the composition, or in a proportion of 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of the elementary trace element or micronutrients of said active ingredient (s) (D).

  According to a particular embodiment of the composition according to the present invention, it comprises, for 100 parts by weight: 10 to 50 parts by weight of the principle (A) as defined hereinbelow; above; 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of the principle or principles (B) as defined above; - 10 to 80 parts by weight of the principle or principles (C) as defined above; - 1 to 40 parts by weight of the principle or principles (D) as defined above or 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of said element or said trace elements of said principle or principles (D). The present invention also relates to a method for fertilizing and / or activating the growth of plants in the fields of forestry, arboriculture, viticulture and horticulture, characterized in that the the composition as defined above, each containing a quantity of 70 to 100 g of nutritional principle (s) to be placed on the soil, is placed on the soil or introduced into the soil surface layer in the vicinity of the plants to be treated. 1 to 2 bags per plant and 2 times per year, preferably once in winter and / or once in spring.

  It goes without saying that one could equivalently apply a larger number of smaller bags.

  The choice of types of formulations, so that they are adapted to the types of soil to be treated (humus-silica soils clay-limestone soils) is within the reach of the skilled person.

  Pockets or the like or the bars or the like bound or sintered are, for example, contained in cardboard hoods, like those used by the pickers, then they are distributed in the vicinity of the plants retained after thinning operations.

  These pockets or bars or the like can also be contained in ventral cases fixed shoulder strap, like those used by beach traders.

  For the application, proceed as follows: 1) Case of plantation shrubs: nurseries, gardens, silvicultural fallows We put the pocket or bar or similar near the plant or it is buried slightly near the plant this last mode of application may allow to activate the diffusion of active ingredients in the soil to the plants. The appropriate period of deposit of the pocket is preferably the end of the year (last calendar quarter) in order to take advantage of the rainy and snowy season which makes it possible to promote the decomposition or the disintegration of the wall of the pockets, the active principles once released, spreading on and in the soil more or less quickly.

  A six-monthly deposit (winter and spring, especially November and April) may be considered when sustained activation is sought.

  2) Case of shrubs from natural stands in wooded areas In order to combine the depressing or balancing and thinning operations with the deposition of pockets or bars or the like, they are deposited immediately after thinning, close to plant to keep.

  The moisture of the plants that have been cut will moisten the pockets or bars or the like and promote the decomposition or disintegration of the wall of the pockets; the roots of the preserved plant will preferentially benefit from the active ingredients of the composition and will develop access to light by consuming the portion of said active principles intended for foliage.

  The interest of activating a plant from a natural stand is twofold: this activation will specifically favor the preserved plant and promote its access to the light favorable to its growth. Thus, gains of a few years can be obtained for trees requiring 20 to 30 years of maturation before being potentially interesting for slaughter.

  The active ingredients allow in a few years high shrubs in nurseries to become strong trees exploitable as fuel and extractable by mechanization according to the principles of agriculture.

  To better illustrate the object of the present invention, there will be described below, by way of indication and not limitation, several embodiments. In these examples, the percentages are given by weight and the amounts of the constituents of the active formulations are given in parts by mass per 100 parts.

  Example 1: Activator for growth of shrubs adapted to cultivated or forest soils based on humus and silt or based on humus and silica This activator is intended to be applied to the soils indicated above for which the infiltration rate of rainwater is between 10 cm per hour (in the case of loamy soils) and 50-60 cm per hour (in the case of sandy soils).

  The following formulation is prepared: water-soluble granules of triple superphosphate marketed by GRANDEPAROISSE SA under the commercial designation TSP SUPER 45% and comprising: 63-73% of monobasic calcium phosphate (Ca (H 2 PO 4) 2 H 2 O) 18% dibasic calcium phosphate, iron / aluminum phosphates - 3-6% calcium sulphate 15.7 - Potassium sulphate granules marketed by GIE Terre de France under the name GRANUPOTASSE 4 Urea granules at 46% d Nitrogen (manufactured by the company GRANDE PAROISSE SA) 15, 15.7 - Xanthan gum powder 850microns marketed by RHODIA under the name RHODIGEL EASY 1.6 Rapeseed meal (acicular form) 23.7 - White chips Tanning 23.7 - Micronized dolomite rock powder, marketed by Cera Terra under the name Dolomite D200 15.6 above ingredients and grinded in a blender or microniser to obtain very fine particles, with a particle size ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 mm.

  Bags are prepared by depositing 70 to 80 g of the milled formulation on a square sheet of nonwoven cellulosic crumbly paper (superabsorbent paper of 17 g / m2 sold by the Company BIO) of 20 cm side, then covering the same sheet and sealing the edges with natural caseinate glue.

  It is also possible to cover the first sheet on which the formulation dose has been placed by a second sheet coated on one side with a heat-reactive adhesive (such as a sheet marketed by the company DIATEX of 30 g / m 2) and sealing the periphery. of the assembly thus formed using a press with heated air gaps.

  It is also possible to use water-soluble layers, for example for applications requiring rapid disappearance of the pocket (application on game ground).

  For the application, in January, we deposit pockets on the ground around plants of charm of natural stand (forest estate of the Paris region, ground humus-silica) between 70 cm and 2 m of height, at the rate of one pocket per plant.

  The surrounding vegetation had been folded down and each plant was well individualized, being surrounded by a protective fence against game. The pockets were deposited at the foot of the stems inside the fences. Some of the plants did not receive a bag.

  In April, treated plants were found to have statistically higher foliage than plants that had not been treated with growth promoter.

  It has been found that the effect of the rains has resulted in decomposition of the bag which has disintegrated and allowed the activator to diffuse.

  This formulation is indicated for shrubs of natural stand or shrubs of plantation. It is recommended for leafy shrubs rich in cellulose, such as beeches, hornbeams, oaks, wild cherries, aliziers. It is also applicable for faster-growing shrubs such as birches, ash trees, poplars, acacia trees.

  Example 2: Activator for growth of shrubs adapted to 5 clay-calcareous soils in wooded area or wooded plot or stand in forest fallow These soils are normal soils for which the infiltration rate is between a few mm and a few cm at the hour according to the richness in limestone.

  Pockets containing the following formulation intended for the clay-limestone agricultural soils are prepared as in Example 1: water-soluble granules of superphosphate as defined in Example 1. Potassium sulphate granules as defined in Example 1 9.6 Urea granules as defined in

Example 1 14.6

  - Powdered xanthan gum as defined in Example 1 1.4 Removing milling material 22 White chips of tanning detachment (bovine collagen) 23.7 Micronized powder of dolomite rock as defined in Example 1 8 , 6 In January, pockets were placed at the foot of birch and ash trees as shrubs 1 m to 2 m high from a plantation in fertile agricultural land in the Champagne-Ardennes region. one pocket per plant.

  April saw more abundant foliage for treated plants.

  This formulation is indicated for leafy trees rich in cellulose, such as poplar, birch, ash, willow, and gray.

Claims (11)

  1 - Fertilizer and / or plant growth regulator composition in the fields of forestry, arboriculture, viticulture and horticulture, characterized in that it comprises at least one nutritive principle and / or less a water-retaining principle, said one or more nutritive principles and / or said one or more water-retaining principles being intended to promote the growth of the vegetative system of the plants or of at least a part thereof, and having been placed in the divided state and then packaged in the form of doses which have sufficient strength to maintain their integrity during transport and which are capable of spreading for the purpose of penetration into the soil of said active ingredient (s) and / or said said water-retaining principles released from the doses placed on the soil or introduced into the soil surface layer in the vicinity of the plants.   2 - Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that a dose is in the form of a bag or a bag or envelope containing said nutrient or said nutrients and / or said principles or retention principles d water and is (e) of a material capable of decomposing, dissolving or disintegrating by water precipitation and / or watering and / or irrigation and / or under a mechanical effect and / or dissolution and / or by sunlight and / or by oxidation and / or biodegradation by soil microorganisms.   3 - Composition according to claim 2, characterized in that the wall of the bag or pouch is formed of a paper or sheet or web or nonwoven or woven or easily decomposable film, cellulosic material with high absorption power of water, or of cellulose hydrate weakened by plasticization by water, or polyvinyl alcohol fibers weakened by plasticization by water, or a plastic material, such as an agricultural polyethylene, embrittable by the rays of the Sun.   4 - Composition according to one of claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the bag is formed from two sheets or sheets or films sealed on the periphery or from a single sheet or sheet or film folded and sealed to form a closed pouch, the sealing being effected by adhesives such as hot-melt adhesives that can be reactivated, especially in the form of ribbons or by total coating of the sheet or web or film, or by adhesives sensitive to pressure, or by mechanical entanglement .   5 - Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that a dose is in the form of: a bar, a brick, an ingot, a sphere, formed by sintering the or nutrients and / or water-retaining principles or by adding a water-sensitive binder, such as polyvinyl alcohol, poly (ethylene oxide), caseinates and starches.   6 - Composition according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises at least one nutrient principle (A) optionally having a water retentive power, suitable for promoting in particular the growth of the foliage, selected from phosphates, hydrogen phosphates and calcium dihydrogen phosphates; phosphates, hydrogen phosphates and potassium dihydrogen phosphates; calcium sulphate, potassium sulphate; potassium chloride; ammonium nitrate; potassium nitrate; ammonium phosphate; ammonium chloride; urea; mono- or multi-alkyl derivatives of urea; calcium cyanamide; and any forms or mixtures of these compounds; said one or more principles (A) being especially present in a proportion of 10 to 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the composition.   7 - Composition according to one of claims 1   at 6, characterized in that it comprises at least one water-retaining principle (B) optionally having a nutritive capacity, suitable for fixing the water in the vicinity of the roots, chosen from sodium polyacrylates, polyacrylic acids, crosslinked polyacrylic acids, guar gums, locust bean gums, mannitol gums, xanthan gums, hydrophilic clays, polyacrylamide gels, and the like. or said principles (B) being in particular present in an amount of 0.5 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the composition.   8 - Composition according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises at least one nutrient principle (C) optionally having a water retentive power, suitable for promoting in particular the growth of the drum and roots, selected from sources of cellulosic fiber, carbohydrates, carbohydrates, lipids, by-products of the food industry, chemical and biochemical industries, parachemical industries, oilseed, the protein crop industry, the beet industry, the tuber industry, the wood industry, the animal slaughter industry, the fruit industry, these products may be be, for example, mucilages, cakes, chips, sawdust, gangues, dry residues, bones and dried blood, grindings of milling, déégures tiégisserie, the component (C) being particularly present at 10 to 80 shares by weight per 100 parts by weight of the composition.   9 - Composition according to one of claims 1   at 8, characterized in that it comprises at least one nutritive principle (D) optionally having a water-retentive capacity, suitable for promoting the growth of the entire vegetative system, chosen from the trace elements introduced under the form of inorganic compounds, such as the salts of iron, calcium, potassium, manganese, strontium, boron, magnesium, selenium, or the mixed salts thereof, said trace elements being able to come from coatings for nutritive organic matter, these coatings possibly being electrolyte salts such as calcium chloride and potassium sulphate, the said nutritive principle or principles (D) being in particular present in a proportion of 1 to 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the composition, or 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of said elemental micronutrient (s) of said one or more principles (D) per 100 parts by weight of the composition.   10 - Composition according to one of claims 1   at 9, characterized in that it comprises, per 100 parts by weight: - 10 to 50 parts by weight of the principle or principles (A) as defined in claim 6; - 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of the principle or principles (B) as defined in claim 7; - 10 to 80 parts by weight of the principle or principles (C) as defined in claim 8; - 1 to 40 parts by weight of the principle or principles (D) as defined in claim 9 or 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of said element or said elemental oligonuts of said active ingredient (s) (D).   11 - Method for fertilizing and / or activating the growth of plants in the fields of forestry, arboriculture, viticulture and horticulture, characterized by placing on the ground or the composition as defined above, each containing a quantity of 70 to 100 g of nutritive principle (s) at a rate of 1 to 2 bags per well, is introduced into the soil surface layer near the plants to be treated with bags. plant and twice a year, preferably once in winter and / or once in the spring.