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FR2866577A1 - Separating suspended heavy hydrocarbons from synthesis gas comprises using a cyclone-type separator and low-pressure condenser - Google Patents

Separating suspended heavy hydrocarbons from synthesis gas comprises using a cyclone-type separator and low-pressure condenser Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2866577A1
FR2866577A1 FR0401861A FR0401861A FR2866577A1 FR 2866577 A1 FR2866577 A1 FR 2866577A1 FR 0401861 A FR0401861 A FR 0401861A FR 0401861 A FR0401861 A FR 0401861A FR 2866577 A1 FR2866577 A1 FR 2866577A1
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France
Prior art keywords
gas
heavy hydrocarbons
expansion vessel
energy
hydrocarbons
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Pending
Application number
FR0401861A
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French (fr)
Inventor
Xavier Marie Hennequin
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to FR0401861A priority Critical patent/FR2866577A1/en
Publication of FR2866577A1 publication Critical patent/FR2866577A1/en
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/24Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by centrifugal force
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D5/00Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0003Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation by using heat-exchange surfaces for indirect contact between gases or vapours and the cooling medium
    • B01D5/0021Vortex
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/002Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/702Hydrocarbons

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Separating suspended heavy hydrocarbons from synthesis gas comprises injecting the hot gas into a cylinder in which the gas follows a helicoidal path, transfers energy to a heat-transfer fluid and arrives at an expansion vessel in which the gas pressure is reduced and heavy hydrocarbons are precipitated on the wall of the expansion vessel. The gas is then aspirated into a condenser in which its pressure and temperature are reduced to condense more hydrocarbons. Separating suspended heavy hydrocarbons from synthesis gas comprises injecting the gas from its production at a temperature above 400[deg]C into a cylinder in which the gas follows a helicoidal path, transfers part of its energy to a heat-transfer fluid and arrives at an expansion vessel in which the gas pressure is reduced and heavy hydrocarbons are precipitated on the wall of the expansion vessel. The gas is then aspirated into a condenser in which its pressure and temperature are reduced to condense more hydrocarbons. An independent claim is also included for apparatus for separating suspended heavy hydrocarbons from synthesis gas, comprising a cylinder (B) for helicoidal circulation of the hot gas, a heat exchanger (C) for transferring energy from the gas to a heat-transfer fluid, an expansion vessel (E), a condenser (G) and a receiver (L).

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif pour séparer les hydrocarbures en suspension présents dans les gaz chauds de température > à 400[deg]Celsius.
La plupart des gaz à l'issue de leur fabrication contiennent selon le procédé employé, des molécules d'hydrocarbures en suspension. Ces molécules d'hydrocarbures, volatiles à moyenne température, se condensent à basse température et se caractérisent par une densité élevée comprise entre 0,7 et 1.
La présence de ces molécules lourdes d'hydrocarbures dans les gaz est une gêne pour l'utilisation de ceux-ci soit pour la combustion , soit pour leur transformation en produit de synthèse en ce qu'elles perturbent le déroulement normal du procédé de combustion ou de transformation.
Le dispositif selon l'invention permet de remédier à cet inconvénient en ce qu'il intervient sur les gaz chauds de T[deg]>400[deg]C, préservant ainsi leur énergie de fabrication, et qu'il permet une complète séparation des molécules lourdes d'hydrocarbures contenues dans ceux-ci.
Les dessins annexés illustrent l'invention .
La figure 1 représente en coupe l'invention. La figure 2 représente une partie de la figure 1 en coupe.
En référence à ces dessins, le gaz issu de sa fabrication est injecté en A à moyenne température et à température suffisante (T[deg]>400[deg]C), de telle façon que les molécules lourdes d'hydrocarbures soient en suspension. Une partie de l'énergie de propulsion de la pompe servant à injecter ce gaz, se transmet à celui-ci sous forme d'énergie centripète sous l'effet du parcours hélicoïdal en B. Durant ce parcours, une partie de l'énergie calorifique contenue par le gaz est transmis à un fluide caloporteur à travers la paroi d'un échangeur de chaleur en C. Une variante de ce dispositif, est que le fluide caloporteur emprunte un circuit hélicoïdal à contre courant du gaz.
Ce fluide caloporteur se transforme en vapeur et ressort de l'échangeur en D.Cette vapeur permet d'alimenter divers dispositifs de production d'énergie. Une partie de cette énergie produite sert à alimenter les pompes d'injection et d'extraction du gaz de ce dispositif, le rendant autonome en énergie.
Le gaz à l'issue du trajet hélicoïdal, arrive dans le vase d'expansion en E. Sa forme est étudiée afin de créer une baisse de pression à l'intérieur du gaz tout en permettant sous l'effet de la force centripète encore contenue dans le gaz, de précipiter les molécules lourdes d'hydrocarbures vers la paroi F du vase d'expansion. L'angle a fait par cette paroi est compris entre 5 et 70[deg] et varie en conséquence de la densité des molécules lourdes d'hydrocarbures. Celles ci ruissellent sur la paroi F vers le vase de réception.
Ce vase d'expansion est isolé thermiquement afin de limiter les pertes de températures.
Le gaz arrive ensuite dans le vase de dépression G, également isolé thermiquement, où sous l'effet de la pompe d'aspiration en H, il subit une baisse de pression et de température égale à la température de condensation des molécules d'hydrocarbures encore contenues dans le gaz. Ces molécules lourdes d'hydrocarbures sont recueillies avec les autres dans le vase de réception en L. Un dispositif de mesure de la pression et de la température du gaz en J permet un ajustement de la température de condensation des molécules d'hydrocarbures contenues en fonction du gaz contenant.
Le gaz passe ensuite à travers un échangeur de chaleur où il transmet à travers la paroi une partie de son énergie calorifique à l'eau en J. Le gaz aspiré, débarrassé de ses molécules lourdes d'hydrocarbures, à une température supérieur à 90[deg]C, se retrouve en K.
Les molécules lourdes d'hydrocarbures sont récupérées en M pour destruction, ou réutilisation. Un dispositif en M permet de récupérer à volonté ces molécules.
Le gaz durant son trajet entre les points A et J ne subit les effets d'aucune(s) pièce(s) mécanique(s) en mouvement et ne reçoit aucun apport d'énergie extérieur.
Le dispositif aura les dimensions requises pour permettre une condensation complète des molécules lourdes d'hydrocarbures.
Le dispositif agit sur tout type de gaz et tout type de molécules lourdes d'hydrocarbures contenues à séparer de ces gaz, uniquement par adaptation des températures d'entrée et de sortie des gaz de ce dispositif, du débit et de la température d'entrée dans le dispositif du fluide caloporteur et cela afin de maintenir la température de condensation de molécules lourdes d'hydrocarbures en G.
Le dispositif selon l'invention est particulièrement destiné à séparer les molécules lourdes d'hydrocarbures appelées généralement goudrons, des gaz de synthèse et/ou de tout appareil thermique de production de ceux-ci.
The present invention relates to a device for separating suspended hydrocarbons present in hot gases of temperature> 400 ° Celsius.
Most of the gases at the end of their manufacture contain, according to the process used, suspended hydrocarbon molecules. These hydrocarbon molecules, volatile at medium temperature, condense at low temperature and are characterized by a high density of between 0.7 and 1.
The presence of these heavy hydrocarbon molecules in the gases is an inconvenience for the use thereof either for combustion or for conversion into synthesis product in that they disturb the normal course of the combustion process or of transformation.
The device according to the invention overcomes this disadvantage in that it acts on the hot gases of T [deg]> 400 [deg] C, thus preserving their manufacturing energy, and that it allows a complete separation of heavy molecules of hydrocarbons contained in them.
The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention.
Figure 1 shows in section the invention. Figure 2 shows a portion of Figure 1 in section.
With reference to these drawings, the gas resulting from its manufacture is injected at A at medium temperature and at a sufficient temperature (T [deg]> 400 [deg] C), so that the heavy hydrocarbon molecules are in suspension. Part of the propulsion energy of the pump used to inject this gas, is transmitted to it in the form of centripetal energy under the effect of the helical path in B. During this course, a portion of the heat energy contained in the gas is transmitted to a coolant through the wall of a heat exchanger C. A variant of this device is that the heat transfer fluid borrows a helical circuit against the current of the gas.
This coolant is transformed into steam and emerges from the exchanger D. This steam can supply various power generation devices. Part of this energy produced is used to power the gas injection and extraction pumps of this device, making it autonomous in energy.
The gas at the end of the helical path, arrives in the expansion tank in E. Its shape is studied to create a pressure drop inside the gas while allowing under the effect of the centripetal force still contained in the gas, to precipitate the heavy hydrocarbon molecules towards the wall F of the expansion tank. The angle made by this wall is between 5 and 70 [deg] and varies as a result of the density of the heavy hydrocarbon molecules. These flow on the wall F to the receiving vessel.
This expansion vessel is thermally insulated to limit temperature losses.
The gas then arrives in the vacuum vessel G, also thermally insulated, where under the effect of the suction pump in H, it undergoes a drop in pressure and temperature equal to the condensation temperature of the hydrocarbon molecules. contained in the gas. These heavy hydrocarbon molecules are collected with the others in the L-shaped receiving vessel. A device for measuring the pressure and the temperature of the gas J allows an adjustment of the condensation temperature of the hydrocarbon molecules contained in the gas containing.
The gas then passes through a heat exchanger where it transmits through the wall part of its heat energy to the water in J. The gas sucked, freed of its heavy molecules of hydrocarbons, at a temperature greater than 90 [ deg] C, is found in K.
The heavy hydrocarbon molecules are recovered in M for destruction, or reuse. An M device allows to recover these molecules at will.
The gas during its journey between the points A and J does not undergo the effects of any moving mechanical part (s) and receives no external energy input.
The device will have the dimensions required to allow complete condensation of the heavy hydrocarbon molecules.
The device acts on any type of gas and any type of heavy hydrocarbon molecules contained to separate from these gases, solely by adaptation of the inlet and outlet gas temperatures of the device, the flow rate and the inlet temperature. in the device of the heat transfer fluid and that in order to maintain the condensation temperature of heavy molecules of hydrocarbons in G.
The device according to the invention is particularly intended to separate the heavy hydrocarbon molecules generally called tars, synthesis gas and / or any thermal device for producing them.

REVENDICATIONS
1)Procédé de séparation des molécules lourdes d'hydrocarbures en suspension contenues dans les gaz chauds de synthèse caractérisé en ce que l'on injecte le gaz issu de sa fabrication à une température supérieure à 400[deg]C dans un cylindre où le gaz chaud, en circulation selon un trajet hélicoïdal, transmet une partie de son énergie à un fluide caloporteur, puis arrive au niveau d'un vase d'expansion dont la forme permet une baisse de pression à l'intérieur du gaz, permettant ainsi la précipitation des molécules lourdes d'hydrocarbures vers la paroi du vase d'expansion, le gaz étant aspiré vers un vase de dépression où il subit une baisse de pression et de température pour la condensation des molécules d'hydrocarbures ainsi recueillies dans un vase d'expansion.
2)Dispositif de séparation des molécules lourdes d'hydrocarbures en suspension contenues dans les gaz chauds de synthèse caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué d'un cylindre pour la circulation hélicoïdale du gaz chaud, d'un échangeur de chaleur permettant le transfert du gaz à un fluide caloporteur, d'un vase d'expansion, d'un vase de dépression et d'un vase de réception. 1) A process for separating heavy molecules from suspended hydrocarbons contained in the hot synthesis gases, characterized in that the gas resulting from its manufacture is injected at a temperature greater than 400 [deg.] C in a cylinder where the gas heat, circulating along a helical path, transmits a portion of its energy to a heat transfer fluid, then arrives at an expansion vessel whose shape allows a pressure drop inside the gas, thereby allowing precipitation heavy hydrocarbon molecules to the wall of the expansion vessel, the gas being sucked to a vacuum vessel where it undergoes a drop in pressure and temperature for the condensation of the hydrocarbon molecules thus collected in an expansion vessel .
2) Device for separating the heavy molecules of suspended hydrocarbons contained in the hot synthetic gases, characterized in that it consists of a cylinder for the helical circulation of the hot gas, a heat exchanger allowing the transfer of the gas to a coolant, an expansion tank, a vacuum vessel and a receiving vessel.

Claims (1)

3)Dispositif selon la revendication n[deg]2 caractérisé en ce qu'il est entièrement statique : aucune(s) pièce(s) mécanique(s), ni fluide(s) autre que le fluide caloporteur et le gaz ne sont ou n'est en mouvement pour séparer le gaz d'avec les molécules lourdes d'hydrocarbures contenues durant son trajet dans le dispositif. Seuls les effets centrifuges conjugués à une baisse de température des gaz permet la condensation des molécules lourdes d'hydrocarbures contenues dans le gaz contenant. 4) Dispositif selon la revendication n[deg]2 et 3 caractérisé en ce que l'angle a du vase d'expansion est optimisé à une valeur comprise entre 5 et 70[deg] pour la condensation par gravité des molécules lourdes d'hydrocarbures contenues sur ses parois. 5) Dispositif selon la revendication n[deg]2 à 4 caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble : vase d'expansion et vase à dépression, est isolé afin de préserver les températures en surface de leur parois, ceci pour favoriser l'écoulement de molécules d'hydrocarbures après condensation. 6) Dispositif selon les revendications n[deg]2 à 5 caractérisé en ce qu'il est entièrement autonome en énergie par la consommation, par les pompes extérieures au dispositif d'injection et d'aspiration du gaz , de l'énergie transmise par le gaz au fluide caloporteur selon la revendication n[deg]1. 7) Dispositif selon les revendications n[deg]2 à 6 caractérisé en ce que cette énergie transmise par le gaz au fluide caloporteur selon la revendication n[deg]1 sert à alimenter un dispositif extérieur de production d'énergie.3) Device according to claim n [deg] 2 characterized in that it is completely static: no mechanical part (s), nor fluid (s) other than the coolant and gas are or is in motion to separate the gas from the heavy molecules of hydrocarbons contained during its journey in the device. Only the centrifugal effects combined with a drop in gas temperature allows the condensation of the heavy hydrocarbon molecules contained in the gas containing. 4) Device according to claim n [deg] 2 and 3 characterized in that the angle a of the expansion vessel is optimized to a value between 5 and 70 [deg] for gravity condensation of heavy molecules of hydrocarbons contained on its walls. 5) Device according to claim n [deg] 2 to 4 characterized in that the assembly: expansion vessel and vacuum vessel, is insulated to preserve the surface temperatures of their walls, this to promote the flow of hydrocarbon molecules after condensation. 6) Device according to claims n [deg] 2 to 5 characterized in that it is entirely autonomous in energy consumption by the pumps outside the injection device and suction gas, the energy transmitted by the heat transfer fluid gas according to claim n [deg] 1. 7) Device according to claims n [deg] 2 to 6 characterized in that this energy transmitted by the gas to the heat transfer fluid according to claim n [deg] 1 is used to power an external device for producing energy.
FR0401861A 2004-02-25 2004-02-25 Separating suspended heavy hydrocarbons from synthesis gas comprises using a cyclone-type separator and low-pressure condenser Pending FR2866577A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0401861A FR2866577A1 (en) 2004-02-25 2004-02-25 Separating suspended heavy hydrocarbons from synthesis gas comprises using a cyclone-type separator and low-pressure condenser

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FR0401861A FR2866577A1 (en) 2004-02-25 2004-02-25 Separating suspended heavy hydrocarbons from synthesis gas comprises using a cyclone-type separator and low-pressure condenser

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993016338A1 (en) * 1992-02-17 1993-08-19 Craze David J A process for extracting vapor from a gas stream
DE4343088A1 (en) * 1993-12-18 1995-06-22 Keller Juergen U Univ Prof Dr Vortex pipe assembly steam introduced tangentially in sepg. twisted hot and cold flow
EP0676599A1 (en) * 1992-07-10 1995-10-11 Aktsionernoe Obshestvo " SIGMA-GAZ" Method of gas cooling and a gas cooler
DE19748083A1 (en) * 1997-10-30 1999-05-06 Aisin Seiki Expansion device for working medium using vortex tube

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993016338A1 (en) * 1992-02-17 1993-08-19 Craze David J A process for extracting vapor from a gas stream
EP0676599A1 (en) * 1992-07-10 1995-10-11 Aktsionernoe Obshestvo " SIGMA-GAZ" Method of gas cooling and a gas cooler
DE4343088A1 (en) * 1993-12-18 1995-06-22 Keller Juergen U Univ Prof Dr Vortex pipe assembly steam introduced tangentially in sepg. twisted hot and cold flow
DE19748083A1 (en) * 1997-10-30 1999-05-06 Aisin Seiki Expansion device for working medium using vortex tube

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