FR2853728A3 - Monitoring and detection procedure for water pollution of an absorbent material, uses measured differences in electrical resistances between installed electrodes - Google Patents
Monitoring and detection procedure for water pollution of an absorbent material, uses measured differences in electrical resistances between installed electrodes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2853728A3 FR2853728A3 FR0304546A FR0304546A FR2853728A3 FR 2853728 A3 FR2853728 A3 FR 2853728A3 FR 0304546 A FR0304546 A FR 0304546A FR 0304546 A FR0304546 A FR 0304546A FR 2853728 A3 FR2853728 A3 FR 2853728A3
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- water
- adsorbent
- electrodes
- polluted
- water pollution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical group O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001159 Fisher's combined probability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012625 in-situ measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/043—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a granular material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/048—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance for determining moisture content of the material
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Les procédés d'adsorption destinés à la séparation des composantsAdsorption processes for the separation of components
présents dans les gaz, qui basés sur l'utilisation de zéolithes, sont très sensibles à l'eau. Ainsi, on a pu mesurer que 1 % en poids d'eau dans une zéolithe diminue ses performances de 20 à 30 % suivant la zéolithe et le gaz considérés. present in gases, which based on the use of zeolites, are very sensitive to water. Thus, it has been possible to measure that 1% by weight of water in a zeolite decreases its performance by 20 to 30% depending on the zeolite and the gas considered.
Par ailleurs, la zéolithe est très avide d'eau et va capter celle-ci dès que la 10 pression partielle d'eau atteint 10-7 bars. Furthermore, the zeolite is very greedy for water and will collect it as soon as the partial pressure of water reaches 10-7 bars.
Empêcher la présence d'eau à des pressions aussi faibles est vraiment un problème et il est donc fondamental de pouvoir la détecter dès les plus faibles niveaux. Preventing the presence of water at such low pressures is really a problem and it is therefore fundamental to be able to detect it from the lowest levels.
La technique classique de détection consiste à prélever des échantillons de 15 zéolithe in-situ et à les analyser, soit en désorbant l'eau à haute température et en l'analysant par la méthode de Karl-Fisher, soit en mesurant directement les propriétés d'adsorption de la zéolithe avant et après activation. The conventional detection technique consists of taking samples of zeolite in situ and analyzing them, either by desorbing water at high temperature and analyzing it by the Karl-Fisher method, or by directly measuring the properties of adsorption of the zeolite before and after activation.
Le prélèvement des zéolithes est cependant une opération délicate et coûteuse car elle nécessite de démonter les adsorbeurs dans lesquels se trouve 20 la zéolithe utilisée au plan industriel, et est aussi dommageable car elle oblige à laisser la zéolithe en contact avec l'atmosphère pour les prélèvements. The removal of zeolites is, however, a delicate and costly operation because it requires dismantling the adsorbers in which the zeolite used for industrial purposes is found, and is also harmful because it obliges the zeolite to be left in contact with the atmosphere for sampling. .
De plus, les prélèvements ne permettent pas d'avoir une vision représentative de toute la charge d'adsorbant car ils ne peuvent pas être effectués dans tout le volume, notamment du fait de la difficulté à introduire des sondes de 25 prélèvement profondément dans le lit d'adsorbant. In addition, the samples do not allow a representative view of the entire adsorbent load because they cannot be carried out throughout the volume, in particular because of the difficulty of introducing sampling probes deep into the bed. adsorbent.
Par ailleurs, l'analyse des échantillons se fait ultérieurement en laboratoire. In addition, the analysis of the samples is done later in the laboratory.
De ce fait, le délai nécessaire à cette analyse ne permet pas d'orienter les prélèvements en temps réel, c'est-à-dire qu'ils se font " en aveugle ". Therefore, the time required for this analysis does not allow directing the samples in real time, that is to say that they are done "blind".
La présente invention décrit un procédé de suivi en temps réel de la 30 pollution par l'eau d'un lit de zéolithe et de mesure rapide in-situ de l'eau. The present invention describes a method for real-time monitoring of the water pollution of a zeolite bed and rapid in-situ measurement of water.
Une première partie de l'invention consiste à installer des électrodes dans le volume d'adsorbant et de mesurer la résistance de celles-ci en continu. A first part of the invention consists in installing electrodes in the volume of adsorbent and in measuring the resistance of these continuously.
La connaissance du graphe de résistance entre les électrodes permet de localiser les zones o une pollution par l'eau se produit. Knowledge of the resistance graph between the electrodes makes it possible to locate the areas where water pollution occurs.
En effet, il apparaît que la résistivité d'une zéolithe varie beaucoup en fonction de sa teneur en eau, typiquement de l'ordre d'un facteur 104. Il est alors possible de détecter la variation de résistance associée. Indeed, it appears that the resistivity of a zeolite varies a great deal as a function of its water content, typically of the order of a factor of 104. It is then possible to detect the variation in associated resistance.
La disposition des électrodes est telle que les valeurs de résistance entre chaque paire d'électrode permet de situer la zone polluée et dépend du nombre et de l'agencement des électrodes, par exemple en tétraèdre, octaèdre, cube centrés ou non. The arrangement of the electrodes is such that the resistance values between each pair of electrodes makes it possible to locate the polluted zone and depends on the number and the arrangement of the electrodes, for example in tetrahedron, octahedron, cube centered or not.
Une seconde partie de l'invention consiste à utiliser une sonde capacitive pour mesurer localement la teneur en eau de la zéolithe, dans la zone repérée par le réseau de sondes à résistance. A second part of the invention consists in using a capacitive probe to locally measure the water content of the zeolite, in the area identified by the network of resistance probes.
Une sonde capacitive est constituée de deux électrodes formant condensateur, entre lesquelles le milieu à étudier est placé, et qui fournit la valeur 15 de la constante diélectrique de ce milieu. A capacitive probe consists of two electrodes forming a capacitor, between which the medium to be studied is placed, and which supplies the value 15 of the dielectric constant of this medium.
La constante diélectrique d'une zéolithe dépend de sa teneur en eau, et il est possible de construire en humidimètre basé sur ce principe. The dielectric constant of a zeolite depends on its water content, and it is possible to build a moisture meter based on this principle.
La sonde peut être déplacée dans le lit de zéolithe et sa réponse immédiate permet de remonter jusqu'à la source de pollution ou jusqu'à la zone la plus 20 polluée par l'eau. The probe can be moved in the zeolite bed and its immediate response makes it possible to go up to the source of pollution or to the area most polluted by water.
La mise en oeuvre pratique de l'invention débute par l'installation, au stade du montage de l'unité d'adsorption, d'un réseau d'électrodes dans le volume occupé par la zéolithe. The practical implementation of the invention begins with the installation, at the assembly stage of the adsorption unit, of an array of electrodes in the volume occupied by the zeolite.
Après démarrage de l'unité, on mesure l'ensemble des résistances entre 25 les électrodes prises deux à deux, pour définir le graphe de référence. After starting the unit, all the resistances between the electrodes taken two by two are measured, to define the reference graph.
Les mesures sont effectuées par la suite soit de manière systématique, soit lorsque l'évolution des performances de l'unité laissent supposer q'une pollution par l'eau a eu lieu. Measurements are carried out either systematically or when the performance of the unit suggests that water pollution has taken place.
Lorsqu'une pollution par l'eau est détectée, on ouvre les adsorbeurs et, 30 avec la ou les sondes capacitives, on repère plus précisément la zone contenant de l'eau. When water pollution is detected, the adsorbers are opened and, with the capacitive probe (s), the area containing water is more precisely identified.
Autrement dit, l'invention porte sur un procédé de suivi in situ et en temps réel de la pollution par l'eau d'un lit d'adsorbant dans lequel on procède selon les étapes de: a) installer plusieurs électrodes dans le volume d'adsorbant, b) mesurer la résistance électrique entre les résistances, c) déterminer la ou les régions du volume d'adsorbant polluées par de l'eau à partir d'au moins une mesure de l'étape b). Selon le cas, le procédé de l'invention comporte l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes: - l'adsorbant est une zéolithe, - les électrodes sont disposées par paires, - une étape supplémentaire de mesure de la teneur en eau dans la ou les régions de l'adsorbant polluées par de l'eau, la mesure étant opérée au moyen d'une sonde capacitive, - la détermination des régions polluées par l'eau se fait par comparaison des mesures résultant de l'étape b) avec une ou des valeurs de référence, en particulier un graphe de référence, - la zone polluée par l'eau est séchée, régénérée ou remplacée, après repérage à l'étape c). In other words, the invention relates to a process for monitoring in situ and in real time the water pollution of an adsorbent bed in which the following steps are carried out: a) installing several electrodes in the volume d adsorbent, b) measuring the electrical resistance between the resistors, c) determining the region or regions of the volume of adsorbent polluted by water from at least one measurement from step b). Depending on the case, the method of the invention comprises one or more of the following characteristics: - the adsorbent is a zeolite, - the electrodes are arranged in pairs, - an additional step of measuring the water content in the or the regions of the adsorbent polluted by water, the measurement being carried out by means of a capacitive probe, - the regions polluted by water are determined by comparing the measurements resulting from step b) with a or reference values, in particular a reference graph, - the area polluted by water is dried, regenerated or replaced, after identification in step c).
L'invention peut être mise en oeuvre non seulement sur les unités industrielles de protection de gaz, telles les unités PSA, VSA ou TSA mais aussi dans les concentrateurs d'oxygène médicaux ou les unités de production d'oxygène embarquées dans les aéronefs, couramment appelées OBOGS. The invention can be implemented not only on industrial gas protection units, such as PSA, VSA or TSA units, but also in medical oxygen concentrators or oxygen production units on board aircraft, commonly called OBOGS.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0304546A FR2853728A3 (en) | 2003-04-11 | 2003-04-11 | Monitoring and detection procedure for water pollution of an absorbent material, uses measured differences in electrical resistances between installed electrodes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0304546A FR2853728A3 (en) | 2003-04-11 | 2003-04-11 | Monitoring and detection procedure for water pollution of an absorbent material, uses measured differences in electrical resistances between installed electrodes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2853728A3 true FR2853728A3 (en) | 2004-10-15 |
Family
ID=33041803
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0304546A Pending FR2853728A3 (en) | 2003-04-11 | 2003-04-11 | Monitoring and detection procedure for water pollution of an absorbent material, uses measured differences in electrical resistances between installed electrodes |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2853728A3 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20220032082A1 (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2022-02-03 | Omm Imports, Inc. | Disposable product cap and assembly having a manually usable thermo-optical device for skin care |
-
2003
- 2003-04-11 FR FR0304546A patent/FR2853728A3/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20220032082A1 (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2022-02-03 | Omm Imports, Inc. | Disposable product cap and assembly having a manually usable thermo-optical device for skin care |
| US11752358B2 (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2023-09-12 | OMM Imports Inc. | Disposable product cap and assembly having a manually usable thermo-optical device for skin care |
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