FR2853388A1 - Thermally-insulated, jacketed pipe for hydrocarbon pipelines, includes phase-change, thermal-storage material in annulus, together with volume compensator - Google Patents
Thermally-insulated, jacketed pipe for hydrocarbon pipelines, includes phase-change, thermal-storage material in annulus, together with volume compensator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2853388A1 FR2853388A1 FR0304010A FR0304010A FR2853388A1 FR 2853388 A1 FR2853388 A1 FR 2853388A1 FR 0304010 A FR0304010 A FR 0304010A FR 0304010 A FR0304010 A FR 0304010A FR 2853388 A1 FR2853388 A1 FR 2853388A1
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- Prior art keywords
- volume
- pipe according
- tube
- pipe
- flexible tube
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- Granted
Links
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013310 margarine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003264 margarine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/18—Double-walled pipes; Multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
- F16L59/143—Pre-insulated pipes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Conduite tubulaire flexible à double enveloppe calorifugée pour leFlexible tubular pipe with double insulation
transport d'hydrocarburestransport of hydrocarbons
La présente invention concerne une conduite tubulaire flexible pour 5 le transport d'hydrocarbures, du type à double enveloppe ("pipe in pipe" en anglais), c'est-à-dire comprenant un tube interne ("flowline" en anglais) qui est inséré dans le tube externe ("carrier pipe" en anglais). The present invention relates to a flexible tubular pipe for the transport of hydrocarbons, of the double jacket type ("pipe in pipe" in English), that is to say comprising an internal tube ("flowline" in English) which is inserted into the outer tube ("carrier pipe" in English).
Dans les utilisations sous-marines à grande profondeur, il est important de limiter les déperditions de chaleur des effluents chauds qui 1o circulent dans les conduites. In deep-sea subsea uses, it is important to limit the heat loss from the hot effluents which circulate in the pipes.
C'est pourquoi l'espace annulaire compris entre le tube interne et le tube externe est principalement utilisé pour loger une protection thermique constituée généralement d'un calorifugeage passif (par exemple une isolation thermique en mousse) éventuellement assisté d'un système de 15 chauffage actif comme des conduites secondaires dans lesquelles circule un fluide chaud ou des systèmes de chauffage par câbles électriques. Un tel chauffage actif augmente la complexité de l'installation et son prix et il serait préférable de pouvoir s'en dispenser. This is why the annular space comprised between the internal tube and the external tube is mainly used to house a thermal protection generally consisting of a passive insulation (for example a thermal insulation in foam) possibly assisted by a heating system. active as secondary pipes in which a hot fluid circulates or heating systems by electric cables. Such active heating increases the complexity of the installation and its price and it would be preferable to be able to dispense with it.
Dans certains cas, il est capital que la température des effluents 20 transportés ne descende pas en dessous d'une certaine limite, à partir de laquelle on constate des phénomènes liés à un refroidissement excessif. Le plus gênant de ces phénomènes est la formation massive d'hydrates ou de paraffines qui précipitent et peuvent finir par obstruer la conduite. In certain cases, it is essential that the temperature of the effluents transported does not drop below a certain limit, from which phenomena associated with excessive cooling are observed. The most annoying of these phenomena is the massive formation of hydrates or paraffins which precipitate and can end up obstructing the pipe.
Ces phénomènes et d'autres encore, liés au refroidissement 25 intempestif, sont particulièrement bien décrits dans les documents FR 2820752, WO 00/40886 et WO 01/88057 auxquels on renvoie expressément. Pour contrecarrer l'apparition de ces phénomènes, ces documents enseignent de disposer dans le voisinage de la conduite de transport deffluent un matériau à changement de phase (PCM) qui se 30 comporte comme un accumulateur de chaleur. Ce matériau absorbe à l'état liquide une énergie provenant de la chaleur dégagée par l'effluent, énergie qu'il est capable de restituer au cours de sa solidification (cristallisation). La présence de ce matériau autour de l'effluent permet donc, en cas d'arrêt de production, par exemple en raison d'une panne ou de la maintenance de 35 l'installation, de freiner le refroidissement de l'effluent provoqué par l'arrêt 2 2853388 pour maintenir sa température au-dessus du seuil de formation des hydrates et des paraffines pendant un temps suffisant (pouvant aller jusqu'à plusieurs jours) pour qu'une réparation ou la maintenance nécessaire puisse avoir lieu. These phenomena and others still, linked to untimely cooling, are particularly well described in the documents FR 2820752, WO 00/40886 and WO 01/88057 to which reference is expressly made. To counteract the appearance of these phenomena, these documents teach to dispose in the vicinity of the effluent transport pipe a phase change material (PCM) which behaves like a heat accumulator. This material absorbs in the liquid state an energy coming from the heat released by the effluent, energy which it is able to restore during its solidification (crystallization). The presence of this material around the effluent therefore makes it possible, in the event of production stoppage, for example due to a breakdown or maintenance of the installation, to slow down the cooling of the effluent caused by the 'shutdown 2 2853388 to maintain its temperature above the hydrate and paraffin formation threshold for a sufficient time (up to several days) for a necessary repair or maintenance to take place.
De cette façon, la conduite ne se trouvera pas obstruée par ces formations 5 d'hydrates lors du redémarrage de l'invention. Des conduites comportant un tel matériau semblent bien adaptées aux conduites pour grandes profondeurs. In this way, the pipe will not be obstructed by these hydrate formations when the invention is restarted. Pipes comprising such a material seem well suited to pipes for great depths.
La solution n'est toutefois pas exempte d'inconvénients. Les deux documents précités enseignent notamment que certains matériaux PCM 10 convenant particulièrement bien à ces applications manifestent lors de leur changement de phase une variation volumique importante pouvant atteindre 20 % dans le cas de paraffines. Afin de tenir compte de cette variation, les deux documents précités enseignent de disposer le matériau PCM dans une enveloppe capable d'accommoder cette variation, c'est-à-dire une enveloppe 15 relativement déformable soit par la nature élastique du matériau constituant l'enveloppe soit par sa géométrie concave capable de se "gonfler" sous la pression. Une enveloppe élastique rend les manipulations de la conduite difficiles (pour la pose de la conduite par exemple) tandis qu'une enveloppe spécifique concave, au moins en partie, change notablement les conditions 20 usuelles de fabrication et en accroît le prix de revient ainsi que le prix de pose en nécessitant d'adapter le matériel classique de préhension et de pose à cette nouvelle géométrie. En tout cas, un tel enseignement est manifestement contraire aux principes des conduites à double enveloppe dont les deux enveloppes sont sensiblement rigides (même si la conduite 25 est, globalement, enroulable par exemple) et insusceptibles de compression ou d'expansion. However, the solution is not without drawbacks. The two aforementioned documents teach in particular that certain PCM 10 materials which are particularly suitable for these applications manifest, during their phase change, a significant volume variation which can reach 20% in the case of paraffins. In order to take account of this variation, the two aforementioned documents teach to place the PCM material in an envelope capable of accommodating this variation, that is to say an envelope 15 relatively deformable either by the elastic nature of the material constituting the envelope either by its concave geometry capable of "swelling" under pressure. An elastic envelope makes handling of the pipe difficult (for laying the pipe for example) while a specific concave envelope, at least in part, significantly changes the usual manufacturing conditions and increases the cost price as well as the installation price by requiring to adapt the classic gripping and installation equipment to this new geometry. In any case, such teaching is manifestly contrary to the principles of double-envelope pipes, the two envelopes of which are substantially rigid (even if the pipe 25 is, on the whole, rollable, for example) and are incapable of compression or expansion.
Le document US 6000438 fait bien connaître une conduite à double enveloppe dans laquelle l'espace annulaire entre les tubes est rempli par une couche annulaire de matériau PCM entourée d'une couche de matière 30 isolante. Mais aucune attention n'est prêtée au problème de la variation volumique des matériaux PCM, ce qui rend cette solution impraticable pour toute une gamme de matériaux ou alors risque d'entraîner des contraintes inadmissibles sur les tubes interne et externe. Il en est de même de la conduite divulguée dans le brevet US 6116290 o le matériau PCM est 3 2853388 disposé dans des passages longitudinaux individuels répartis à la périphérie de la conduite. Document US 6000438 makes a well-known double-walled pipe in which the annular space between the tubes is filled with an annular layer of PCM material surrounded by a layer of insulating material. However, no attention is paid to the problem of the volume variation of PCM materials, which makes this solution impractical for a whole range of materials or else risks causing unacceptable stresses on the internal and external tubes. The same is true of the pipe disclosed in US Patent 6,116,290 o the PCM material is 3,285,3388 disposed in individual longitudinal passages distributed around the periphery of the pipe.
Le but de l'invention est de proposer une conduite à double enveloppe comportant dans son espace annulaire un matériau à changement 5 de phase qui puisse présenter des grandes variations volumiques sans les inconvénients mentionnés. The object of the invention is to propose a double-walled pipe comprising in its annular space a phase change material which can have large volume variations without the drawbacks mentioned.
L'invention atteint son but grâce à une conduite tubulaire flexible à double enveloppe pour le transport d'hydrocarbures, comprenant un tube interne et un tube externe ménageant entre eux un espace annulaire rempli 1o au moins partiellement d'un matériau à changement de phase, caractérisée en ce qu'un volume rempli de matière hautement compressible est disposé à l'intérieur de l'annulaire, de manière à compenser les variations de volume du matériau à changement de phase. The invention achieves its object by virtue of a flexible double-jacketed tubular pipe for the transport of hydrocarbons, comprising an internal tube and an external tube forming between them an annular space filled at least 1o with a phase change material, characterized in that a volume filled with highly compressible material is arranged inside the annular, so as to compensate for variations in volume of the phase change material.
Le volume rempli de matière hautement compressible est constitué 1 5 de préférence d'au moins une vessie ou d'un boudin souple rempli de gaz, avantageusement de gaz inertes (argon, azote, etc.). La pression du gaz de remplissage est avantageusement adaptée à la profondeur d'utilisation finale pour distribuer les pressions et réduire autant que possible les dimensions du tube porteur externe. Le volume compressible peut être formé de plusieurs 20 manchons répartis longitudinalement. Le volume compressible global est avantageusement de 5 à 30% du volume de l'espace annulaire entre les tubes. The volume filled with highly compressible material preferably consists of at least one bladder or a flexible tube filled with gas, advantageously inert gases (argon, nitrogen, etc.). The pressure of the filling gas is advantageously adapted to the depth of final use in order to distribute the pressures and reduce the dimensions of the external support tube as much as possible. The compressible volume can be formed of several sleeves distributed longitudinally. The overall compressible volume is advantageously from 5 to 30% of the volume of the annular space between the tubes.
Le boudin souple est avantageusement un tube souple enroulé en spirale dans l'espace annulaire. Les boudins ou manchons sont 25 avantageusement disposés contre le tube externe de la conduite. The flexible tube is advantageously a flexible tube wound in a spiral in the annular space. The tubes or sleeves are advantageously arranged against the external tube of the pipe.
En alternative, on peut concevoir des manchons annulaires ou constitués de deux demi-coques, collés au tube externe. Alternatively, it is possible to design annular sleeves or made up of two half-shells, glued to the external tube.
Les matériaux PCM utilisables pourront être composés essentiellement d'au moins un composé chimique choisi parmi les alcanes, 30 notamment comprenant une chaîne hydrocarbonée d'au moins 10 atomes de carbone et de préférence encore les paraffines comprenant une chaîne hydrocarbonée d'au moins 14 atomes de carbone; ou encore les sels hydratés ou pas, les glycols, les bitumes, les goudrons, les cires, et autres corps gras solides à température ambiante, tels que le suif, la margarine ou 4 2853388 les alcools gras et acides gras. Le composé chimique principal peut être additionné d'agents épaississants ou d'agents texturants. The PCM materials which can be used may be composed essentially of at least one chemical compound chosen from alkanes, in particular comprising a hydrocarbon chain of at least 10 carbon atoms and more preferably paraffins comprising a hydrocarbon chain of at least 14 atoms of carbon; or alternatively hydrated or non-hydrated salts, glycols, bitumens, tars, waxes, and other fatty substances solid at room temperature, such as tallow, margarine or fatty alcohols and fatty acids. The main chemical compound can be added with thickening agents or texturing agents.
D'autres avantages et caractéristiques seront mis en évidence à la lecture de la description qui suit, en référence au dessin schématique annexé 5 qui est une vue en perspective d'un exemple de conduite à double enveloppe équipée d'un boudin d'absorption de variations volumiques conforme à l'invention. Other advantages and characteristics will be highlighted on reading the description which follows, with reference to the appended diagrammatic drawing 5 which is a perspective view of an example of a jacket with double casing equipped with an absorption rod of volume variations according to the invention.
La conduite 1 est une conduite à double enveloppe coaxiale conduite dite couramment PIP ("pipe-in-pipe") à tubes en acier. Elle comprend un io tube interne 2 pour la circulation de l'effluent et un tube porteur externe 3. Line 1 is a coaxial double-walled line pipe commonly called PIP ("pipe-in-pipe") with steel tubes. It comprises an internal tube 2 for the circulation of the effluent and an external carrier tube 3.
L'espace annulaire intermédiaire 4 est rempli sensiblement d'un matériau à changement de phase dont le point critique de transformation de phase est de préférence voisin de la température minimale (par exemple 20 'C) audessus de laquelle on souhaite maintenir l'effluent pour éviter la formation 15 de précipités. Les documents précités enseignent de nombreux matériaux PCM répondant à ces exigences. Selon l'invention, l'espace annulaire 4 contient aussi un volume d'absorption volumique, ici sous forme d'une chambre ou boudin 5 enroulé en spirale le long de la conduite. Il est clair qu'on peut avoir plusieurs boudins 5 analogues, qu'ils ne sont pas 20 nécessairement enroulés en spirale mais peuvent être disposés longitudinalement; les volumes peuvent aussi n'être pas continus et placés de part en part, le long de la conduite. Les volumes 5 sont de préférence constitués d'une enveloppe élastique et remplis de gaz, de préférence des gaz inertes. Lors des variations de volume du matériau PCM situé dans 25 l'annulaire 4, le ou les volumes 5 varient et compensent lesdites variations, le volume annulaire 4 restant, lui, constant. The intermediate annular space 4 is substantially filled with a phase change material, the critical phase transformation point of which is preferably close to the minimum temperature (for example 20 ° C.) above which it is desired to maintain the effluent for avoid the formation of precipitates. The above documents teach many PCM materials that meet these requirements. According to the invention, the annular space 4 also contains a volume absorption volume, here in the form of a chamber or tube 5 wound in a spiral along the pipe. It is clear that it is possible to have several similar strands 5, that they are not necessarily wound in a spiral but can be arranged longitudinally; the volumes can also not be continuous and placed right through, along the pipe. The volumes 5 are preferably made up of an elastic envelope and filled with gas, preferably inert gases. When the volume of the PCM material located in the annular 4 changes, the volume or volumes 5 vary and compensate for said variations, the annular volume 4 remaining constant.
Selon un mode de réalisation non représenté, les volumes d'absorption sont formés par une pluralité de manchons annulaires de longueur finie. Ces manchons sont disposés de préférence contre la paroi du 30 tube externe. Il va de soi que ces manchons pourraient prendre également la forme de demi-coques par exemple. La pression régnant à l'intérieur de chacun des manchons dépend avantageusement de leur position dans la conduite ainsi que des conditions de service prévues pour ladite conduite. According to an embodiment not shown, the absorption volumes are formed by a plurality of annular sleeves of finite length. These sleeves are preferably arranged against the wall of the outer tube. It goes without saying that these sleeves could also take the form of half-shells for example. The pressure prevailing inside each of the sleeves advantageously depends on their position in the pipe as well as on the service conditions provided for said pipe.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0304010A FR2853388B1 (en) | 2003-04-01 | 2003-04-01 | FLEXIBLE TUBULAR DRIVE WITH DOUBLE ENVELOPE CALORIFUGEE FOR THE TRANSPORT OF HYDROCARBONS |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0304010A FR2853388B1 (en) | 2003-04-01 | 2003-04-01 | FLEXIBLE TUBULAR DRIVE WITH DOUBLE ENVELOPE CALORIFUGEE FOR THE TRANSPORT OF HYDROCARBONS |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2853388A1 true FR2853388A1 (en) | 2004-10-08 |
| FR2853388B1 FR2853388B1 (en) | 2005-12-30 |
Family
ID=32982127
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0304010A Expired - Lifetime FR2853388B1 (en) | 2003-04-01 | 2003-04-01 | FLEXIBLE TUBULAR DRIVE WITH DOUBLE ENVELOPE CALORIFUGEE FOR THE TRANSPORT OF HYDROCARBONS |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2853388B1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007085013A3 (en) * | 2006-01-20 | 2007-09-07 | Cuming Corp | Insulated subsea pipe with flexible insulation |
| WO2011161472A1 (en) * | 2010-06-26 | 2011-12-29 | Trellborg Offshore Uk Limited | Passive thermal management system for liquid pipelines |
| EP2712893A1 (en) | 2012-10-01 | 2014-04-02 | Basf Se | Pipeline with heat storage properties |
| US9890895B2 (en) | 2012-10-01 | 2018-02-13 | Basf Se | Pipeline with heat-storing properties |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104896984B (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2017-03-29 | 东南大学 | A kind of solar energy aids in paddy energy phase transformation regenerative apparatus |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4624242A (en) * | 1985-08-13 | 1986-11-25 | Examplar | Solar heat transfer and storage system |
| US4781243A (en) * | 1986-12-11 | 1988-11-01 | The Boeing Company | Thermo container wall |
| US5532039A (en) * | 1994-04-25 | 1996-07-02 | Gateway Technologies, Inc. | Thermal barriers for buildings, appliances and textiles |
| WO2002062918A1 (en) * | 2001-02-07 | 2002-08-15 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Method for making a quasi-incompressible phase-change material, shear-thinned and with low heat conductivity |
-
2003
- 2003-04-01 FR FR0304010A patent/FR2853388B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4624242A (en) * | 1985-08-13 | 1986-11-25 | Examplar | Solar heat transfer and storage system |
| US4781243A (en) * | 1986-12-11 | 1988-11-01 | The Boeing Company | Thermo container wall |
| US5532039A (en) * | 1994-04-25 | 1996-07-02 | Gateway Technologies, Inc. | Thermal barriers for buildings, appliances and textiles |
| WO2002062918A1 (en) * | 2001-02-07 | 2002-08-15 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Method for making a quasi-incompressible phase-change material, shear-thinned and with low heat conductivity |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007085013A3 (en) * | 2006-01-20 | 2007-09-07 | Cuming Corp | Insulated subsea pipe with flexible insulation |
| WO2011161472A1 (en) * | 2010-06-26 | 2011-12-29 | Trellborg Offshore Uk Limited | Passive thermal management system for liquid pipelines |
| EP2712893A1 (en) | 2012-10-01 | 2014-04-02 | Basf Se | Pipeline with heat storage properties |
| US9890895B2 (en) | 2012-10-01 | 2018-02-13 | Basf Se | Pipeline with heat-storing properties |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2853388B1 (en) | 2005-12-30 |
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