FR2846731A1 - Room heater has combustion chamber with granular fuel and fresh air feeds, with a heat exchanger to warm air entering the room - Google Patents

Abstract

The room heater (1) has a combustion chamber (2) with a feed (4) for a granular fuel (3), a fresh air feed (13) for the combustion chamber, and a system (18) for expelling the combustion gases from it. It has a blower (24) to generate an air flow into the room, warmed by a heat exchanger (26), and an automatic control system (30) for the heater's functioning. The control system is able to adjust the fuel feed, air and gas feed rates, and interrupt the operation of the heater in the event of the temperature rising above a set level.

Description

The present invention relates to a device for

space heating.

  This invention relates to the field of manufacturing heating devices intended to be installed in a room, more particularly in a dwelling. In this regard, we already know devices

  heating in the form of a chimney comprising a hearth, as the case may be, in which a fuel, in particular wood, is disposed, or receiving an insert supplied with fuel, in particular gas.

  Such devices have a certain number of drawbacks consisting, in particular, in that, in the case of a wood-based fuel, it is essential to regularly load the wood hearth in order to be able to benefit from the heating which can be reveal particularly tedious and binding. In addition, in the event of a malfunction of the combustion gas evacuation system, these can be forced back into the room and inconvenience or even suffocate the

occupants of this room.

  With regard to the insert devices, it will be observed that these require, at the local level, to provide or set up specific means for ensuring a fuel supply of such an insert. In addition, the nature of the fuel used does not allow the same visual sensations or the same type of heat to be provided.

  than wood heating. In addition, although usually perfectly secure at the level of said insert, the fuel is supplied through lines which may undergo damage liable to cause leaks which may inconvenience or even suffocate the occupants of the premises.

  The present invention seeks to overcome the drawbacks of the devices of the prior art in

through a new device.

  To this end, the invention relates to a device for heating a room characterized in that it comprises: - a combustion chamber as well as means for feeding the latter with a fuel in the form of pellets or similar; means for supplying fresh air to the combustion chamber as well as means for ensuring the evacuation of the combustion gases from this combustion chamber; means arranged to create a flow of air leaving said device and intended to heat the room; - Means capable of ensuring a heat exchange between, on the one hand, the evacuated combustion gases and, on the other hand, said air flow intended to heat the premises; - means arranged to ensure automatic management

the operation of the device.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the supply means 15 consist, on the one hand, of a hopper intended to contain fuel and, on the other hand, by means, associated with said hopper, and arranged for transport fuel from this hopper and towards the

combustion chamber.

  Yet another characteristic consists in that said device comprises means designed capable of detecting the temperature, as the case may be, means for supplying fuel and / or the air flow intended to heat the premises and / or the gases evacuated outside the combustion chamber, these 25 detection means being designed capable of cooperating with said

management resources.

  According to a feature of this device, the management means are arranged to, on the one hand, ensure a reading of the temperature of the fuel supply means and / or of the air flow and / or of the exhausted combustion gases and, on the other hand, when the temperature recorded is, as the case may be, higher or lower than a determined set temperature, interrupt the operation of the device, or even

  order means for metering the quantity of fuel.

  Yet another feature is that the device comprises means designed capable of detecting the pressure of the gases discharged from the combustion chamber while the management means are arranged to, on the one hand, ensure the reading of this pressure and , on the other hand, when the pressure detected is lower than a set pressure 5 determined, as the case may be, interrupt the supply of fuel to the combustion chamber and / or interrupt the

operation of the device.

  In addition, this device comprises, on the front face, means arranged to close the combustion chamber as well as means designed capable of ensuring detection of the closing of said combustion chamber by these means, while the management means are arranged to, in the event of detection of the absence of such a closure, interrupt operation

of the device.

  The advantages of the present invention consist in that the heating device operates with a fuel whose supply is ensured on a regular basis. This supply can, again, be interrupted in the event of a failure of the device, more particularly when such a failure is likely to damage the health or life of the occupants of the premises equipped with this heating device. In fact, the device according to the invention has the advantage of being perfectly secure and comprises means 25 for managing its operation which, in the event of an anomaly or of potential risk, proceed to interrupt this operation. Other objects and advantages of the present invention

  will appear during the description which follows relating to embodiments which are given only

  title of indicative and nonlimiting examples.

  Understanding this description will be facilitated by

  referring to the attached drawing in which the single figure is a general view, in elevation, in section and from the side 35 of the device according to the invention.

  The present invention relates to the field of manufacturing devices for heating a room, more particularly a house or at

  minus a room in such a dwelling.

  Such a device 1 comprises, in a manner known per se, a chamber 2 intended to receive a fuel 3 and inside which the combustion of this is carried out.

fuel 3.

  Said device 1 further comprises means 4 arranged 10 to supply this combustion chamber 2

in fuel 3.

  In this regard, it should be noted that this fuel 3 can be in the form of granules, chips or the like and can be made from wood, a hydrocarbon, a wood-hydrocarbon mixture or the like. . In fact,

  in the following description, more particularly, reference will be made to a fuel 3 adopting the form of wood pellets, which corresponds to a preferred embodiment,

  but not limiting, of the present invention.

  As regards said supply means 4, these consist, as visible in the appended figure, on the one hand, of a hopper 5 intended to contain the fuel 3, more particularly in the form of wood pellets and, on the other hand, by means 6, associated with said hopper 5 which overcomes the latter 6, and arranged to convey the fuel 3, coming from this hopper 5, and in the direction of the chamber

combustion 2.

  According to a preferred embodiment, such a conveying means 6 is in the form of an Archimedes screw 30 7, at least part of which is disposed below said hopper 5, and driven in rotation by a motor. 8 that includes

said device i.

  It should be noted that these supply means 4 can also be supplemented by metering means 9 for the quantity of fuel 3, capable of being delivered by

  the hopper 5, and intended to supply the conveying means 6.

  Such metering means 9 are preferably defined at the level of said hopper 5 or at the outlet of the latter 5 (in particular in the lower part thereof 5) and are, for example,

  example, constituted by a safety and metering lock.

  These supply means 4 may, in addition, comprise means 10 designed capable of detecting the temperature of these fuel supply means 4, more particularly the temperature of said hopper 5 and / or of the fuel 3 contained therein. In this regard, it will be observed that the device 1 can, in addition, include means II designed capable of detecting the filling level of these supply means 4, more

  particularly from this hopper 5.

  According to another characteristic of the present invention, said heating device 1 comprises, at the level of said combustion chamber 2, means 12 designed capable of igniting the fuel 3 contained in this combustion chamber 2. In fact , a preferred embodiment consists in that such means 12 for igniting the fuel are defined by at least one spark plug constituted by a heating resistor whose operation is electrical and

  which is arranged at the level of said combustion chamber 2.

  In this regard, it will be noted that this combustion chamber

  2 is supplied with fresh air by means of supply means 13 that includes said heating device 1.

  Such supply means 13 are constituted, for example, by a pipe 14 for supplying fresh air opening, on the one hand, outside said device 1 and, on the other hand, at

  level of said combustion chamber 2.

  Another characteristic of the present invention consists in that said device 1 comprises, on the front face 15, means 16 arranged to close this combustion chamber 2, such means 16 being, for example, constituted by a window or the like. These closing means 16 are supplemented by means 17 designed capable of ensuring detection of the closing of said combustion chamber 2 by these closing means 16, such detection means 17 being, for example, defined by a sensor, a contactor or the like. Said heating device 1 also comprises means 18 designed capable of ensuring the evacuation of the combustion gases from this combustion chamber 2. Such evacuation means 18 are in the form of a conduit exhaust 19 opening, on the one hand and at one of its ends, at the level of said combustion chamber 2 and, on the other hand and at its other end, at the level of a device for collecting gas from combustion like a

chimney or the like.

  It will be observed that such discharge means 18 comprise means 20 designed capable of generating a flow of combustion gas, such means 20 preferably being constituted by at least one extractor 21, adopting for example the form of a fan, and designed capable of ensuring a suction of these gases, more particularly through said exhaust duct 19, and out of the combustion chamber 2. In fact 20 and through the suction of the combustion gases it is , also, ensured a suction of fresh air intended to supply said combustion chamber 2, this through supply means 13 and, more particularly of duct 14. Yet another characteristic of these means

  exhaust 18 consists in that they comprise, on the one hand, means 22 designed capable of detecting the temperature of the combustion gases evacuated from said combustion chamber 2 and, on the other hand, means 23 designed 30 capable of detecting the pressure of these exhaust gases.

  According to another characteristic of the present invention, the heating device 1 further comprises means 24 arranged to create a flow of air leaving said device 1 and intended to heat the room at which this device 1 is installed, such means 24 preferably being

  consisting of at least one fan.

  These means 24 arranged to create an air flow are supplemented by means 25 designed capable of detecting the

temperature of this air flow.

  As visible in the figure of the appended drawing, the heating device 1 comprises means 26 designed capable of ensuring a heat exchange between, on the one hand, the evacuated combustion gases and, on the other hand, said flow d air intended to heat the room. Such heat exchange means 26 are, for example, in the form of at least one exchange surface 27 delimiting, on the one hand, a first circuit 28 at the level of which combustion gases circulate and, d 'secondly, a second circuit 29 at which circulates the flow of heating air. Yet another characteristic of the invention consists in that said device 1 is made, at least in part, of a metallic material (more particularly steel), in particular at the level of said combustion chamber 2. This being so, this device 1 receives, more particularly inside this combustion chamber 2, an insulation 20 (in particular made of vermiculite panel) designed capable of avoiding

  constraints on a metallic material.

  According to an additional feature of this

  invention, said heating device 1 comprises means 30 arranged to ensure automatic management of the operation of this device 1.

  In this regard, it will be observed that such management means 30 are designed capable of cooperating with the means 11 for detecting the filling level of the means 4 for supplying fuel 3, more particularly the filling level 30 of the hopper 5. These management means 30 can then be designed capable of controlling and / or emitting a visual and / or audible signal characteristic of an insufficiency or an absence of filling of these supply means 4. These management means 30 can also be designed capable of interrupting the operation of the device 1 in the event of insufficiency or

  no filling of said supply means 4.

  These management means 30 are also designed capable of cooperating with the means 10 for detecting the temperature of the fuel supply means 4 (more particularly, the temperature of said hopper 5 and / or of fuel 3 y content) to ensure a reading of this temperature and, when the recorded temperature is higher than a determined set temperature (for example 900),

  interrupt the operation of the device 1.

  Such an embodiment advantageously makes it possible to interrupt the operation of the device 1, in particular by interrupting the supply of fuel 3 to the combustion chamber 2 (for example by intervening on the safety and metering lock), this when the temperature recorded approaches that for which there is a risk of ignition of the fuel 3, upstream of said

  combustion 2 (more particularly in the hopper 5).

  These management means 30 are, again, arranged to cooperate with the means 25 for detecting the temperature of the air flow intended to heat the premises. In fact, said management means 20 are designed capable of ensuring a reading of the temperature of this air flow so that, when the measured temperature is higher than a determined set temperature (for example 900), to interrupt the operation of the device 1. Such an embodiment advantageously allows

  to interrupt the operation of the device 1, in particular by interrupting the supply of fuel 3 to the combustion chamber 2, this when the measured temperature approaches that for which there is a risk of burning by hot air 30 leaving the device 1 to heat the room.

  Said management means 30 are, moreover, arranged to cooperate with the means 22 for detecting the temperature of the

  combustion gases evacuated by the evacuation means 18.

  Such cooperation takes place through said management means 30 which provide a reading of this temperature so that, when the recorded temperature is higher than a determined set temperature, command an increase in the speed of at least one extractor 21 that comprises said device 1 at the level of the means 18 for ensuring the evacuation

combustion gases.

  Such an embodiment makes it possible to accelerate the evacuation of the combustion gases when the

  temperature of these increases in a measured manner.

  However, such cooperation can also take place through management means 30 which then provide a reading 10 of the temperature of the combustion gases so that, when the recorded temperature is higher than a determined set temperature (by example 1200), interrupt the operation of the device 1, in particular (and again) by interrupting the supply of fuel 3 to the combustion chamber 2. Such an interruption is made, more particularly, when there is a risk of fire

  level of the combustion gas extraction circuit.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the management means 30 are designed capable of cooperating with the means 25 for detecting the temperature of the air flow intended to heat

  the room, this to ensure a reading of this temperature and, when the recorded temperature is lower than a determined set temperature, interrupt the operation of the device 1, in particular by interrupting the supply of fuel 3.

  In this regard, it should be noted that these means of

  management 30 are arranged to control said means 12 for igniting the fuel 3, this at least for a determined period during which these means 12 attempt to ignite said fuel 3 for the purpose of initiating combustion.

  These management means 30 are, moreover, arranged to, on the one hand, interrupt the control of these firing means 12 after a determined duration and, on the other hand, after this interruption (in particular after a determined duration following such an interruption), ensure a reading of the temperature of the air flow intended to heat the room (this by means of the means 25 for detecting the temperature of this air flow), this for a interruption of the operation of the device 1 (in particular by interrupting the fuel supply 3) when the temperature recorded is lower than the setpoint. Such an embodiment makes it possible to control an appropriate ignition of the fuel 3 and, when such an ignition is defective, interrupt the operation of the

device 1.

  Yet another characteristic consists in that said management means 30 are designed capable of cooperating with the means 9 for metering the quantity of fuel 3 intended to supply the conveying means 6. These management means 30 are, then, arranged for, on the one hand, raising the temperature of the air flow intended to heat the premises at the level of the means for detecting this temperature and, on the other hand, when the temperature recorded is lower than a temperature of

  determined setpoint, order these metering means 9.

  Such an embodiment makes it possible, for example, to select a determined heating temperature (set temperature) and allows this temperature to be maintained by regulating the means 4 for supplying

fuel 3.

  According to an additional characteristic, the management means 30 cooperate with the means 23 designed capable of detecting the pressure of the gases evacuated from the combustion chamber 2 and are arranged to, on the one hand, ensure the reading of this pressure and, on the other hand, when the pressure detected is lower than a predetermined set pressure, as the case may be, interrupt the supply of fuel 3 to the combustion chamber 2 and / or interrupt the operation of the device 1. Such a mode of advantageously makes it possible to remedy the drawbacks which a lack or a defect in the circulation of combustion gases and / or fresh air would represent.

  due, for example, to a plug in the circuit.

  Yet another characteristic consists in that these management means 30 cooperate with the means 17 for detecting the closure of the means 16 for closing the combustion chamber 2 for, in the event of detection of the absence of such a closure. , interrupt the operation of the device 1, in particular by interrupting the supply of fuel 3. This makes it possible to avoid diffusion of the combustion gases inside the room intended to be heated by the device 1

according to the invention.

  Said management means 30 also make it possible to cooperate with at least one fan constituting the means arranged to create a flow of heating air. Such cooperation is designed so that, when the management means 30 detect a temperature of the air flow greater than a set temperature, these means 30 control a

  increase the speed of at least one fan.

  In fact, said management means 30 are, at least in part, defined by a microcontroller designed capable of controlling the detection means and, as a function of the value (of temperature, pressure, etc.) and / or the '' status (closing, opening ...) noted, order an appropriate reaction from the

  device 1 in a manner mentioned above.

  It will be observed that these management means 30 can also be supplemented by an interface at which an operator is capable of entering a certain number of parameters (temperatures, pressures, etc.), for example for programming of the operation of said heating device 1. Such an interface may also include means for visual and / or audible signaling of an appropriate operation of the device 1 and / or of the occurrence or of the imminence of the occurrence at least one of the above-mentioned malfunctions (temperature, vacuum,

  overheating, failure to close ...).

  These management means 30 can, moreover, include memory means at the level of which, on the one hand, all the above-mentioned parameters can be recorded and, on the other hand, a log of the operation of said device 1 and / or

  different dysfunctions of the latter.

  Finally, these management means 30 can be designed, firstly, to block said heating device 1 in the event of a malfunction and, secondly, to

  authorize release only by authorized personnel.

  Although the invention has been described in connection with a particular embodiment, it is understood that it is in no way limited thereto and that there can be made various modifications of shapes, materials and combinations of these various elements, without departing from the framework and

the spirit of the invention.

Claims (12)

  1) Device (1) for heating a room characterized by the fact that it comprises: - a combustion chamber (2) as well as means (4) for supplying the latter with a fuel (3) under form of granules or the like; - means for supplying (13) fresh air to the combustion chamber (2) as well as means (18) for ensuring the evacuation of the combustion gases from this combustion chamber (2); - Means (24) arranged to create a flow of air leaving said device (1) and intended to heat the room; - Means (26) capable of ensuring a heat exchange between, on the one hand, the evacuated combustion gases and, on the other hand, said air flow intended to heat the premises; means (30) arranged to ensure management   automatic operation of the device (1).   2) Heating device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (4) for fuel supply consist, on the one hand, by a hopper (5) intended to contain fuel (3) and, on the other hand, by means (6), associated with said hopper (5), and arranged to convey fuel (3) coming from this hopper (5)   and towards the combustion chamber (2).   3) Heating device (1) according to any one   previous claims, characterized in that the fuel supply means (4) comprise means (11) designed capable of detecting their filling level,   these detection means (11) being designed capable of cooperating with said management means (30).   4) Heating device (1) according to any one   of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means (10, 25, 22) designed capable of detecting the   temperature of the means (4) for supplying fuel (3) and / or of the air flow intended to heat the premises and / or of the gases evacuated from the combustion chamber (2), these means (10, 25, 22) of detection being designed capable of cooperating with said management means (30).   5) Heating device (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the management means (30) are arranged to, on the one hand, ensure a reading of the temperature of the means (10, 25, 22) d supply of fuel (3) and / or of the air flow and / or of the exhausted combustion gases and, on the other hand, when the temperature recorded is higher than a determined set temperature, interrupt the operation of the device (1).   6) A heating device (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the management means (30) are arranged to, on the one hand, ensure a reading of the temperature of the air flow intended to heat the local and, on the other hand, when the measured temperature is lower than a determined set temperature, interrupt the operation of the device (1).   7) Heating device (1) according to any one   of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means (12) for igniting the fuel (3) contained in the combustion chamber (2), these means (12) being designed capable of being controlled by said 25 management means (30).   8) Heating device (1) according to claims   4 and 7, characterized in that the management means (30) are arranged to ensure a reading of the temperature of the air flow intended to heat the room after the interruption of the control, by these management means ( 30), means (12) for igniting the fuel (3), in particular beyond a period determined according to such an interruption, this with a view to a   interruption of the operation of the device (1).   9) Heating device (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the means (4) for fuel supply (3) are supplemented by means (9) for metering the quantity of fuel (3) intended to supply the combustion chamber (2) while the management means (30) are arranged to, on the one hand, raise the temperature of the air flow intended to heat the premises at the level of the means (25) of 5 detection of this temperature and, on the other hand, when the temperature recorded is lower than a temperature of   determined setpoint, order said metering means (9).   ) Heating device (1) according to any one   of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means (23) designed capable of detecting the pressure   gases evacuated from the combustion chamber (2) while the management means (30) are arranged to, on the one hand, ensure the reading of this pressure and, on the other hand, when the pressure read is less than a set pressure 15 determined, as the case may be, interrupting the fuel supply (3) to the combustion chamber (2) and / or   interrupt the operation of the device (1).   11) Heating device (1) according to any one   of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, on the front face (15), means (16) arranged for   close the combustion chamber (2) as well as means (17) designed capable of ensuring detection of the closing of said combustion chamber (2) by these means (16), while the management means (30) are arranged to, in the event of detection of the absence of such a closure, interrupt the operation of the device (1).   12) Heating device (1) according to any one   of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, at the level of the means (18) for ensuring the evacuation of the combustion gases, on the one hand, at least one extractor (21)   designed capable of ensuring suction of these gases and, on the other hand, means (22) designed capable of ensuring detection of the temperature of these gases, while the management means (30) are arranged for, on the one hand, ensure a reading of this temperature and, on the other hand, when the recorded temperature is higher than a determined set temperature, order an increase in speed of at least an extractor (21).   13) A device (1) for heating according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises at least one fan 5 constituting the means (24) arranged to create an air flow of   heating while the management means (30) are arranged to, on the one hand, ensure the reading of the temperature of the heating air flow and, on the other hand, when the recorded temperature is higher than a set temperature , control 10 an increase in the speed of at least one fan (24).