FR2610024A2 - Method for "Dry House" construction, using the same framework as load-bearing structure and as support for the walls - Google Patents

Abstract

Construction method using the metal framework of the dry partitions in order to form the load-bearing structure of constructions of a small height or the supported facades of multi-storey buildings. On this lightweight framework consisting of factory-made components: small posts 1, with the necessary perforations 2, there are attached several types of light, semi-heavy or heavy external facing components. From these elements, it is possible to obtain a wall of standard configuration, by inserting an insulating sheet between the small posts and by using an internal facing component. A second preferential so-called super insulated configuration comprises a second insulating sheet in front of the internal face of the small posts, making it possible to obtain excellent energy results. Finally, a third rudimentary configuration, without insulation and possibly without internal facing, makes it possible to produce the walls of annexe buildings. The vertical cross-bracing of the building is produced by cross-bracing bars placed against the bare inside of the posts. The horizontal cross-bracing is obtained in the region of the frame.

Description

 The present invention relates to a false detection method using the metal framework of drywall for; -calire: - load-bearing structure of low constructions for residential use, offices, commercial premises, schools, health establishments or all functions assimilated.

 This process makes it possible to use only one and the same light frame to maintain the thermal insulation, to fix the interior facing and, optionally, the exterior facing, support the frame and possibly support an intermediate floor. One of the facings can also provide vertical bracing, in veil of the building; this arrangement makes it possible to totally or partially remove the diagonals situated in the plane of the walls. Thus, the framework consists of posts and top and bottom rails, possibly supplemented by a few diagonals. The top rail can be reduced in size by the creation of lattice beams in the horizontal plane of the frame.

 The purpose of this certificate of addition to the patent No. 86.01.601 filed on February 6, 1986 is to amend and clarify the provisions defined in the patent, on the one hand, and on the other on the other hand, to describe a variant use of the invention, in the form of a dry facade, for producing the facades carried by multi-storey buildings.

 Thus, the present invention relates to a method of constructing buildings on the ground floor or on two floors, using a single, light frame, consisting of industrializable metallic components, perfectly suited to their functions and preferably, in folded thin sheet metal. It is possible to use only industrial products, requiring neither workshop completion nor special climatic conditions for installation. This process makes it possible to carry out constructions in less time than in traditional, with better energy performances and presenting a greater freedom of architectural design, in particular by the diversity of external aspect.

 The main structure of this frame is composed of posts, that is to say vertical uprights, on which all the other elements are fixed.

 The preferred method of assembling the various metal components together on site is bolting or screwing with self-tapping screws.

 According to a first so-called standard arrangement, comprising a single layer of insulation with integrated vapor barrier, positioned between the posts, it is possible to obtain suitable energy performance with this wall. According to a second preferential arrangement called superinsulated, comprising a second layer of insulation in front of the internal face of the posts, enclosing a vapor barrier made of a plastic film maintained between the 2 layers, it is possible to obtain excellent energy performance.

Finally, according to a third so-called rudimentary arrangement in which the insulation is removed, as well as possibly the interior facing, it is possible to make the walls of annex buildings.

 FIG. 1 presents an exploded view of a wall according to the super-insulated arrangement, where the posts (1) appear in the shape of this "C", the train of which may include stiffening ribs, with the necessary openings (2), the outer facing (3) fixed directly or possibly indirectly on the posts depending on the nature of the material used, an air space (4) located behind this facing, a first layer of insulation (5) sandwiched between the posts, a barrier vapor (6) fixed on the internal face of these, a second layer of insulation (7) placed against this vapor barrier with cross-joint with the first layer, a metal smooth (8) placed horizontally, spaced from the post by a cleat (9) which may be of the same material as the interior facing and an interior facing plate (10). In this case, the metal rail (8) is fixed with a metal pivot to the post through cleat. However, as a variant, this stringer can be fixed directly to the posts using a hanger placed horizontally, allowing the spacing to be adjusted as desired. If the posts only maintain the facings and the insulation, the sheet used may be of reduced thickness; this is the case for certain pavilion gables and for the worn facades of multi-storey buildings.

 Figures 2 and 3 show in plan respectively the constitution of a standard and superinsulated wall. The posts (1) are partly provided with openings (2) possibly necessary for maintaining the first layer of insulation using metal needles (12) which are arranged in the openings, the excessive repetitiveness of these- This can contribute to creating a break in thermal transmission through the core of the posts. Also appear: the location of the exterior facing (3), the air space (4) behind this facing, the first layer of insulation (5 ) preferably made of semi-ridged glass wool panels, the vapor barrier integrated into the insulation (11) or made of a plastic film (6) fixed to the bare of the internal face of the posts; in this second case, it simultaneously produces the second layer of insulation (7), preferably made up with the same material as the first layer is laid with joints crossed with respect thereto, the metal framework ( 8) horizontal spaced from these by a cleat r which may be of the same material as the interior facing (10) such as plasterboard or fixed directly to the internal face of the posts. Alternatively, the holes (2) of slender shape vertical can be replaced by semi-circular holes or composed of 3 sides of a rectangle with possibly rounded angles as expressed in Figure 5, so as to be able to fold the perpendicular interior part of the cut and constitute thus a retaining tab for the insulation, while providing a thermal break in the post. Another variant consists in maintaining the first layer of insulation by a bead of insulation (37) which is inserted into the interior of the post on the air vacuum side; on the external face of the post, the bead is held in place by a clip coming to be fixed on the wing of the post.

 Figures 4 and 5 show for low constructions, in vertical section and in axonometry, the fixing of the post on the slab (13) serving as support, carried out using a laying guide consisting of a sole (14 ) preferably in sheet metal folded in the shape of a "Z", so as to facilitate the evacuation of any condensation water, which could form in the air space, by a continuous day provided between this guide and the exterior facing. Between this guide and the slab are positioned adjustment wedges (15) correcting the altimetric differences of the slab and giving a slight slope to the sole towards the outside; this space under the sole is then stuffed with mortar (16). The posts resting on this sole are fixed to the ground by means of angles (17) in folded sheet metal, bolted to the ground and to the posts, using the holes provided in this effect in the sole (18) and the posts (19). These holes allow the posts to be automatically positioned with a predetermined center distance. Figure 5 expresses in axonometry this method of attachment. The interior facing rests on a flexible seal (20) compressed and fixed to the ground by means of a profile (21).

 Figures 6 to 13 show for the dry facades constituting the worn facades of multi-storey buildings, the fixing of the posts on the floors, carried out using a plate (22) in sheet metal optionally folded or ribbed, in particular to ensure straightness. This fixing is characterized by the oblong day (23) placed vertically to absorb any bending movements of the floor, but above all, the dimensional differences caused by the differential stresses of the front wall compared to the floors, under the thermal effects. These days are positioned at the two ends of the posts if these correspond to one level, but intermediate days can be provided, if the amount corresponds to several levels.These posts are fixed to this plate (22), at the using threaded rods (24) and distribution plates (95). The anchoring plate (22) is fixed to the floor (13) either by using the plate as a formwork for the edge of a reinforced concrete slab poured in situ (Figure 10) with the threaded rods (24) extending (26) to inside the slab, either by placing these rods (26) on the pre-slab and incorporating these rods in the compression slab of concrete poured in situ (Figure 11), or without making use of these threaded rods in the slab of floor, using expansion bolts (27) in a reinforced concrete slab already made (Figure 12). If the floor consists of metal beams, the plate would be bolted to these.These fixing plates of the plate to the floor do not exclude other methods of attachment that would appear more appropriate and may require modifying the shape of the anchoring plate (22) consisting of a sheet on which are prefixed threaded rods (24) extending (26) possibly inside the floor.

This plate is the edge of the floor tiles. The threaded rods are fixed on the anchor plate in pairs one above the other, so that two uprights can be held respectively below and above the floor, or a single upright streaking on several levels. During assembly, it is necessary to precisely position the plates on one level with respect to the other, for a single amount. The location of the other uprights is given automatically by the plate. The tabs (28) fixed to the anchoring plate are intended to support the 1st layer of insulation to the right of each floor.

 Figures 14 and 15 show in vertical section, for low constructions, the attachment of the frame consisting of small trusses, positioned against the core of the posts and fixed (29) by the entry (30) and possibly, the crossbowman (31). If the distance of the post attachments on the entry and the crossbowman is sufficient, it will constitute a useful recess for bracing. Figure 15 shows the arrangement of the crossbowman to keep this embedding for low slope roofs. The rail (32) forming a plate, fixed horizontally to the posts, allows the temporary support of the trusses during assembly and contributes to the stability of the framework; in the case of standard walls, without spacer cleat, this rail is the same dimension as the current profile (8). The ceiling consists of plasterboard (33) held by a secondary metal frame (34) fixed to the trusses by lines (353 and an insulating ply (36) possibly supplemented by a second crossed ply, - positioned above the ceiling.

 Figures 16 and 17 show in plan, how to treat the salient and reentrant angles respectively. This provision implies a doubling of the posts, so as to have an amount in each facade plan. In the first case, these posts are assembled by means of furs constituted by rail elements (32) for the sun-insulated wall and srofil (8) for the standard wall without spacer cleat. In the second case, the posts are assembled directly one on the other. The insulator of the first layer can be held in place, on the air vacuum side, by calluses possibly made up of a bead of insulator (<-).

 Figures 1â, 19 and 20 show the fixing details of the bays, respectively in horizontal section on table and in vertical section on sill and lintel. The frame of the frame (38) constituting the pre-frame made of plastic, metal or wood, is fixed on posts to which it is leaning on each side (Figure 18); consequently, if the width of the opening does not correspond to the spacing of the posts, it may be necessary to have additional posts. A sealing bead (39) is to be made with the exterior facing. Optionally, an additional covering (40) may be necessary to close the interior panel. If the frame frame requires horizontal support both in lintel and in light, or if the width of the bay implies the interruption of a post over part of its height or the presence of an additional post, it is necessary to have a rail (41) horizontally, of the same type as that provided in the sand pit (32) placed in a lintel and possibly in light, on which are fixed the fixing lugs (42) of the frame.

 Figures 21, 22 and 23 express the way of making a lattice beam, constituting a lintel, to support the interrupted posts and leave room for frame frames. Thus, one or more posts can respectively be interrupted. The upper and lower members consist of rails (32 and 41). The diagonals consist of folded sheet metal profiles (43) fixed to the posts.

 Figure 24 shows in elevation, the structure of the pinion of a low construction. Thus appear the posts (1) not supporting the frame, but fixed on the entry (30) and the crossbowman (31), so as to be able to maintain the facing continuously over the entire height.

 The vertical bracing of the low constructions is ensured by one of the facings or by bars (4,) placed diagonally between the head and the foot of the posts on a floor height, both in gable, and in load-bearing facade. These bars consist of folded sheet sections, of the same nature as those used to make the lattice beams (43); they are fixed on the internal face of the posts and therefore positioned in the free space between the posts and the horizontal frameworks (8). Horizontal stability is ensured at the frame level by a truss beam located at the level of the entry, as well as corner reinforcements.

 The light facings of the cladding type (44) are fixed either directly on the posts (figure 25) if the fixing line is vertical, or (figure 26) by means of a horizontal secondary framework (46) fixed on the posts if the fixing line (45) must be horizontal.

These cladding can be made with panels or boards of wood, plastic, metal, asbestos-cement, resin, and their derivatives, but also tiles and slates or the like.

 Figures 27 and 28 show for the dry facades constituting the carried facades of two-story buildings, the way to achieve on the one hand, the discharge to the outside of, condensation water, o, ui could form inside vacuum air (4), and on the other hand, cutting the air vacuum to prevent the spread of fire. The water is discharged by a flap (47) fixed on the tabs (28) intended to support the first layer of insulation. This continuous flap is placed between the posts. Simultaneously, it allows the change of nature or thickness of the exterior facing material. The fire barrier consists of an insulating strip (48), rock wool type, held in place by tabs (49) attached to the flap (47) and / or to the tabs (28).

 The semi-heavy facings, shown in Figures 29 to 32 are made of plates (50) of cement, stone, terracotta, resin or their derivatives, small, self-supporting over the height of a floor. Figure 29 shows how the plates are held on the back by legs (51) fixed on the posts. FIG. 30 shows, for low constructions, how they are supported by a particular sole (52), replacing the normal sole (14), comprising retaining lugs (53). Figures 31 and 32 show, for dry facades, how the plates (50) are supported by a flap (54) particular replacing the flap (47).

This flap (54) is welded to the anchoring plate (22). The plates are held in place by lugs (55).

 Heavy siding consists of reinforced concrete panels corresponding to a storey height. They are self-supporting over the height of the building and rest on the low slab of the floor. They are maintained, either for low constructions, at the right of the high ties, or alternatively for dry facades, at the right of each floor bank or at the primary framework of the building.

Claims (10)

RER ICATIONS 1) Construction method making it possible to produce low constructions using a lightened metal framework, of the same type as those used to lay dry partitions, made up of metal components that can be industrialized in thin folded sheet metal to maintain thermal insulation, fix the interior and exterior facings , support the frame and possibly, to support an intermediate floor, one of the facings which can ensure the vertical bracing of the building, according to claim 1 of main patent No. 86.01.601. This process, which also allows the realization of dry facades of multi-storey constructions, is characterized by the use of a framework made up of 4 types of components: posts on which Ruides of laying, high chaining and diagonals are assembled, preferably on site by bolting or screwing with self-tapping screws. 2) A method according to claim 1 characterized in that the posts (1) in the form of "C" with a core which may include stiffening ribs, support the frame and possibly the intermediate floor; in the event that they only maintain the facings and the insulation, the sheet metal used is of reduced thickness (gables of low constructions and for the facades carried by multi-storey buildings); these posts, corresponding to one or possibly several floor heights, are provided with holes allowing primo fixing by bolting by means of a guide poses to the support structure (13) consisting of the flagstone of the pavilion or the banks of floors of two-story buildings. Secondly, the possible maintenance of the first layer of insulation positioned between the posts so as to find an air space (4) between the insulation (5) and the exterior facing (3). This holding is achieved either by needles (12) fixing by pinching through the longilinear and vertical bores (2) provided in the core of the posts, or by folding down perpendicular to the inner part of the piercing in case that -this is constituted by a semi-circular line or forming the 3 sides of a rectangle, the excessive repetitiveness of these piercings can contribute to create a rupture of the thermal transmissions by the core of the posts, either by a bead of insulation coming into the interior of the post vacuum side and on the outside face of the post, this last bead is held in place by a clip coming to be fixed on the wing of the post And tertio, the direct fixing of the frame structure (30 and 31) on the flat of the post core. 3) Method according to claims 1 and 2 characterized in that the installation guides for low constructions, consisting of a "Z" sole (14) provided with holes (18) ensure the fixing of the posts to the ground using angles (17), and predetermine the spacing of the posts; between this soleplate and the exterior facing, a continuous day is provided for the ventilation and the drainage of the condensation water; the sole rests on adjustment wedges correcting the altimetric differences of the slab and giving a slight slope of the sole outwards. 4) Method according to claims 1 and 2 characterized in that the laying guides for multi-storey buildings consist of a plate (22) sealed at the edge of the floor slab (13) and provided with threaded rods (24) on which are fixed the posts using the holes (23) provided on one of their wings and distribution plates (25). These oblong holes in the vertical direction make it possible to absorb the dimensional difference between the posts and the floors; the spacing of the threaded rods (24) predetermines the positioning of the posts, once a first vertical has been adjusted; these plates have support tabs (28) for the insulation, possibly reinforced to support certain exterior facings. 5) Method according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the top chaining (32) fixed on the inner face of the posts, facilitates the installation of the frame (30 and 31) and possibly the intermediate floor; in line with the bays, the removal of one or more posts implies the creation of a lattice beam consisting of a high chord by this chaining (32), a low chord by a rai = (41) above the bay and profiles (43) fixed to the posts on their internal face forming diagonals. 6) Method according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the vertical bracing is provided by one of the facings or by the diagonals (43); these are placed between the head and the foot of certain posts on a storey height, both in gable and load-bearing facade and fixed on the inside of the posts. Horizontal stability is ensured at the frame level by a truss beam at the level of the entry and by corner reinforcements. 7) Method according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that at the salient and reentrant angles, the posts are doubled, so as to have an amount in each facade plane; in the first case, the posts are assembled by means of furring consisting of rail elements (32) for the super-insulated wall or of profile (8) for the standard wall; in the second case, the posts are assembled directly one on the other. 8) Method according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the frame of the frames (38) is fixed vertically on the base posts or complementary posts and horizontally on a rail (41) of the same type as that provided in the sand pit ( 32). 9) Method according to one of the preceding claims characterized by the inner facing consisting of a plate of facings (10) fixed in standard arrangement directly on the posts or by means of a horizontal secondary frame (8), the barrier -vapor is integrated into the insulation and the air-baked etan is produced by the interior facing; in super-insulated arrangement, the framework (8) is spaced from the posts by spacer cleats (9) or metal pivots to provide space for a second layer of insulation  (7) positioned between the internal face of the posts and the internal facing, the vapor barrier consists of a plastic film (6) fixed to the framework on the bare side of the internal face of the posts between the two layers of insulation, it simultaneously serves as a windbreak; in a rudimentary arrangement, all the insulation is removed and even the interior facing, it makes it possible to make the walls of annex buildings. 10) Method according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the external facings are either of the light type (cladding of panels or boards of wood, plastic, asbestos-cement metal, resins and their derivatives, tiles and slates) fixed directly on posts, or by means of a horizontal secondary framework (46) with special provisions for two-storey buildings (mud flap (47) fixed on the legs (28) and an insulating strip (48 ) forming a fire barrier maintained by legs (49) attached to the flap (47) or to the legs (28)), or of the semi-heavy self-supporting type over the height of a stage (plate (50) of cement, stone , terracotta, resins and their derivatives) held upside down by legs (51) fixed on the posts and supported by reinforced elements (sole (52) for low constructions and flaps (54) for constructions with floors welded to the anchor plate (22) and comprising lugs (55) of support3, that is to say heavy self-supporting yi'e over the height of the building made up of floor height panels, resting on the low slab of the building and held at the front by fixing to the high chaining for low constructions, or to each edge of the floor or the primary structure of the building for two-story buildings.