FR2685009A1 - COOLING PLATE FOR METALLURGICAL UNITS, IN PARTICULAR FOR HIGH-FURNITURE. - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a cooling plate (1) used in metallurgical units whose walls are subjected to high heat fluxes and in particular in blast furnaces. The cooling plate comprises a cast iron element (3) of substantially parallelepipedal shape and an unshaped refractory lining (4). This cooling plate comprises, on the one hand, a frame (10), part of which is intended to be embedded in the mass of the refractory lining (4), and, on the other hand, a connecting means (12, 14) of said frame (10) with the cast iron element (3).

Description

The present invention relates to a plate

  used in metallurgical units

  whose walls are subject to thermal flows

  and particularly in blast furnaces.

  Cooling plates include

  generally a substantially parallel cast iron element

  the epipedic and an unshaped refractory lining.

  The cast iron element comprises longitudinal cooling tubes, substantially parallel to each other and whose ends open on the same face of said cast iron element, the opposite face

  of this cast iron element being in contact with the coating

  refractory and wearing it.

  This type of cooling plate is used in metallurgical units, either to capture the heat flows emitted, or to heat

controlled the walls.

  It is known that modern blast furnaces are increasingly exploited at paces and pressure levels such that the heat flux emitted can be, globally, locally and randomly

  important and it is necessary to capture and

  transfer them, especially in the display areas,

  the belly, the bottom of tank, the mid-tank and the top of tank.

  Especially in the case of self-supporting units

  However, it is essential that the shielding does not reach temperature levels or undergo temperature variations with the formation of thermomechanical stresses, which may jeopardize its resistance.

mechanical.

  Thermal fluxes emitted in the different areas of the blast furnace must be captured by a heterogeneous system formed by the refractory lining, the cooling element, ie the cooling plate.

  shielding, which performs a dual cooling function

  energetic removal of the refractory and screen passing

flows to the shield.

  The use of such cooling plates is necessary because of the variations in heat flux inherent in the operating techniques of the blast furnaces, these variations possibly being local,

  fast and random in time.

  In another field of application, the cooling plates can be brought and maintained at a certain temperature to fulfill heating or temperature-keeping functions of products in any granulometric form in order, for example, to reduce their water content or their water content. carry

  at a temperature necessary for their use.

  The cooling plates must be designed in such a way as to ensure a good heat exchange with the cooling fluid, while creating a screen with heat flows propagating from the oven

to the shield.

  Moreover, they must resist the deformations

  thermomechanical stresses and stresses resulting from high heat fluxes, withstand abrasion when

  refractory wall will have disappeared partially or

  it must be easy to change

  without having to enter the blast furnace enclosure.

  However, the cooling plates used

  so far have imperfections which lead to

  The result is that the cooling elements are more or less rapidly lost in contact with the blast furnace charge. The loss of the refractory lining is related to the fact that it is subjected to chemical attacks

  and thermomechanical stresses generating cracking

  res, breaks and detachment of said coating in pieces or panels, despite the studied and appropriate forms of the face of the cast iron element carrying said coating. The present invention aims to overcome these disadvantages by providing a cooling plate comprising an unshaped refractory lining and having a high cohesion in itself and with the element in question.

melting.

  The subject of the present invention is therefore a cooling plate used in metallurgical units whose walls are subjected to high heat fluxes and in particular in blast furnaces, comprising a substantially parallelepiped cast iron element and an unshaped refractory lining, the cast iron element comprising longitudinal cooling tubes, substantially parallel to each other and whose ends open on the same face of said cast iron element, the opposite face of the cast iron element being in contact with the refractory lining and bearing the latter, characterized in that it comprises, on the one hand, an armature of which part is intended to be embedded in the mass of the refractory lining and, on the other hand, a means of

  bonding said armature with the cast iron element.

  According to a first embodiment: the armature is composed of a series of filiform pins, each pin in the form of a C whose branch is embedded in the refractory lining and the other branch is intended to cooperate with said connecting means, the connecting means is formed by at least one protrusion formed on the face of the cast iron element in contact with the refractory lining and having transverse orifices in each of which penetrate a branch of the C-pin. According to a second embodiment: each pin is formed of a rod, the connecting means is formed by bases disposed on the face of the cast iron element in contact with the refractory lining and on each of which is fixed perpendicularly said rod each base is welded to at least one cooling tube and is flush with the face of the element

  cast iron in contact with the refractory lining.

  According to a third embodiment: each pin is formed by an elastic loop comprising at least two branches embedded in the refractory lining and a rounded portion connecting said branches and intended to cooperate with said connecting means, the connecting means is formed, d on the one hand, by at least one throat groove formed in the cast iron element, close to the face in contact with the refractory lining, and in which is inserted the rounded part of each elastic loop and, on the other hand, by at least one immobilizing member of each elastic loop in said groove, the immobilizing member is formed by a long needle through the rounded portion of each elastic loop and placed in the axis of the throat

corresponding cylindrical.

  According to a fourth embodiment: the armature is composed, on the one hand, of a series of combs embedded in the refractory lining and each comprising teeth fixed on a transverse support arranged longitudinally with respect to the face of the element in cast iron in contact with the refractory lining and, on the other hand, by at least one elongated bar on which said combs are fixed by means of spacers, the connecting means is formed by at least one throat groove formed in the cast iron element, close to the face in contact with the refractory lining, and in which said elongated bar is inserted, the combs, the bars and the spacers are tubular,

  the throat has the shape of a T or is cylindrical

  In the case of a drique, the elongated bar has a corresponding clearance with the corresponding groove, the elongated bar is held in the corresponding groove by a long locking rod inserted between the bar and the inner surface of the groove.

said throat.

  According to a fifth embodiment: the armature is composed, on the one hand, by a series of anchoring members embedded in the refractory lining and, on the other hand, by at least one rod of

  holding said anchoring members through the

  With said spacer rod being inserted into a groove in the cast iron element, close to the face in contact with the refractory lining, the connecting means is formed by at least one substantially U-shaped stirrup. disposed on the lateral faces and on the rear face of the cast iron element and connected to the holding rod, said stirrup and said holding rod enclosing the cast iron element, the holding rod has at each of its ends an eyecup for the passage of an arm of the stirrup, the lateral faces of the cast iron element comprise recesses for insertion of the stirrup, the holding rod carries at least one wedge ensuring a space between said support rod and the front face of the cast iron member carrying the refractory liner, the holding rod carries formwork member supports for molding the refractory liner.

  According to another characteristic of the invention

  the part of the reinforcement embedded in the mass of the refractory lining comprises anchoring members

  shaped like a cone or a carp tail.

  The invention will be better understood by means of

  the following description, given solely for the purpose of

  example and made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

  Fig 1 is a longitudinal sectional view

  of a cooling plate according to the prior art

  2 is a sectional view along line 2-2 of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a partial view in longitudinal section of a first embodiment of a cooling plate according to the invention; FIG. 4 is a partial view in section along line 4-4 of FIG. 3; FIG. 5 is a partial view in longitudinal section of a second embodiment of a cooling plate according to the invention, FIG. is a partial sectional view along line 6-6 of FIG. 5, FIG. 7 is a partial view in longitudinal section of a third embodiment of a cooling plate according to the invention, FIG. partial view in section along line 8-8 of FIG. 7, FIG. 9 is a partial view in longitudinal section of a fourth embodiment of a cooling plate according to the invention, FIG. 10 is a partial view in section along the line 10-10 of Fig 9, Fig 11 is a schematic perspective view of the frame of the plate of 9 is a partial view in longitudinal section of a fifth embodiment of a cooling plate according to the invention, FIG. 13 is a partial view in section along line 13. 13 of Fig. 12, Fig. 14 is a schematic perspective view of the frame of the cooling plate

according to Figs 12 and 13.

  The cooling plate 1 according to the prior art, shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, is mounted on a wall 2 of a metallurgical unit as per FIG.

example a blast furnace.

  This wall 2 called shielding is subject to

high heat flows.

  The cooling plate 1 comprises a

  cast iron element 3 of substantially parallelepiped shape

  pedicure on which is molded a refractory coating

4 unshaped.

  The cast iron element 3 is cooled by a series of longitudinal cooling tubes 5 and

  substantially parallel to each other.

  The ends 6 of the bent tubes 5

  on the same face 7 of the cast iron element 3 and

  pass through the shield wall 2 of the blast furnace.

  The face 8 of the cast iron element 3 opposite that o open the ends of the tubes 5, carries the

refractory lining 4.

  This face 8 is for example embossed so as, on the one hand, to increase the interface between the refractory lining 4 and the cast iron element 3 and to promote heat exchange and, on the other hand, to perform a function of mechanical anchoring of said coating

  refractory 4 inside the blast furnace.

  In front of the refractory lining 4, by

  example of rammed earth, a brick wall

  Fractaries, not shown, may be provided. There may also be a powdered wall forming a coating on the face of the cast iron element opposite to that o open the ends of the tubes, this coating may consist of one or more layers of

different quality.

  In order to ensure a high quality anchoring and to improve the heat exchange between the cast iron element 3 and the refractory lining 4, the cooling plate according to the present invention comprises, on the one hand, a frame 10 of which part is intended to be embedded in the mass of the refractory lining 4 and, secondly, a connecting means of said frame

with the cast iron element 3.

  According to a first embodiment

  3, the frame 10 of the refractory lining 4 is composed of a series of pins 11

filiform and curved.

  These pins 11 are made with, for example, a round of 18 mm and have, for example, the shape of a C whose branch is embedded in the refractory lining 4 and whose other branch is intended to cooperate with the means The linking means is constituted by projections 12 which are formed on the hot face 13 of the cast iron element 3 in contact with the refractory lining 4 and which have perpendicular transverse orifices 14. to the longitudinal axis of the projections 12, into which a branch of a pin 11 penetrates. The projections 12 may be of quadrilateral section, for example dovetail with a large pitch of approximately 250 to 300 mm, of 50 mm height or even

rectangular section.

  The cohesion of the refractory lining 4 and the bonding of this refractory lining 4 with the cast iron element 3 is thus ensured by the pins 11 which

  through the projections 12 through the orifices 14.

  According to a second embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the armature 10 of the

  refractory lining 4 is formed by a series of

stalked pingles 15.

  These rods 15 can be interconnected

  by spacers 16 so as to form a lattice.

  The connecting means of the pins 15 with the cast iron element 3 is formed by bases 17 disposed on the hot face 13 of the cast iron element 3 in contact with the refractory lining 4 and on each of which is fixed, for example by welding,

perpendicularly a rod 15.

  Each base 17 is welded to at least one cooling tube 5 and, after casting of the cast iron element 3, is half-embedded and is flush with the hot face 13 of said cast iron element 3 carrying the coating

refractory 4.

  In this embodiment, the pins ensure, on the one hand, the cohesion between the cast iron element 3 and the refractory lining 4 and, on the other hand, constitute at each anchor a thermal bridge.

  between the refractory lining 4 and the cooling tube

5.

  According to a third embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the armature 10 of the refractory lining 4 is composed of a series of pins each formed by an elastic loop 20 comprising at least two branches 20a embedded in the refractory lining 4 and a rounded portion 20b connecting said branches 20a and intended to cooperate with

  the connecting means of the cast iron element 3.

  The connecting means is formed by constricted grooves 21, parallel and formed in the cast iron element 3, close to the hot face 13 in contact with the

the refractory lining 4.

  The substantially cylindrical grooves 21 open on the lateral faces of the cast iron element 3. The elastic loops 20 made by

  example with 12 mm round, are placed transversally

  at the corresponding throat 21.

  The elasticity of the loop 20 allows a decrease in the average diameter of the rounded portion 20 b of said loop and its free engagement in the throat

  21 as well as its self-tightening by the

elasticity in said groove.

  The connecting means is also constituted by an immobilizing member of the various elastic loops 20 positioned uniformly in a

same throat 21.

  This immobilizing member is formed for example by a long needle 22 passing through the rounded portion 20b of each elastic loop 20 and

  placed in the axis of the cylindrical groove 21 corres-

  ponding. In this embodiment, the elastic loops 20 ensure the cohesion between the cast iron element 3 and the refractory lining 4 and allow a

  rapid mounting of the armature 10, the needle 22 immobilizes

  elastic loops 20 and avoiding creep and

tearing said loops.

  According to a fourth embodiment shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, the armature 10 is

  composed, on the one hand, of a series of combs 25 comprising

  each of the teeth 25 has fixed on a trans-

  versal 25 b disposed longitudinally with respect to the hot face 13 of the cast iron element 3 in contact with the refractory lining 4 and, secondly, by at least one elongated bar 26 on which are fixed

  said combs 25 via spacers 27.

  The connecting means of the armature 10 with the cast iron element 3 is formed by constricted grooves 28 formed in the cast iron element 3, close to the hot face 13 in contact with the refractory lining 4 and in each of which is inserted a bar

slender 26 of the frame 10.

  Each constricted groove 28 has the shape of a T

or is cylindrical.

  Each elongated bar 26 is held in the corresponding groove 28 by a locking rod 29

  elongate, for example cylindrical, inserted longitudinally

  to this groove 28 between the bar 26 and the surface

internal of said groove.

  A good game can be created between

  bar 26 and the inner surface of the throat 28 corre-

  ponding. A post, not shown, allows centering

of the bar 26 in said groove.

  In addition, part or all of each comb 25 may be tubular, ie constituted by hollow tubes welded with spacers 27 and a

bar 26 also tubular.

  In this embodiment, the reinforcement ensures, in addition to the cohesion between the cast iron element 3 and the refractory lining 4, a passage through the various tubes which constitute said reinforcement, control means such as, for example, temperature under form of thermocouples, or gas in the form of detectors. These measuring means make it possible to control the behavior and / or the aging of the coating

refractory 4.

  Moreover, the space provided between the bar 26 and the inner surface of the corresponding groove 28 can be filled by the refractory product during the molding of the coating, thus modifying the heat exchange between the refractory lining 4 and the element

cast iron 3.

  According to a fifth embodiment shown in Figs 12 to 14, the armature 10 is composed, on the one hand, by a series of anchoring members 30 embedded in the refractory lining 4 and, on the other hand, by at least one holding rod 31 carrying

  said anchoring members 30 via

32.

  The holding rod 31 is inserted into a groove 33 formed in the cast iron element 3, close to the hot face 13 in contact with the coating.

refractory 4.

  The connection means of the armature 10 with the cast iron element 3 is formed by substantially U-shaped stirrups 34 arranged on the lateral faces and on the rear face of the cast iron element 3 and connected to the rod of FIG. holding 31 This stirrup 34 and

  the holding rod 31 enclose the cast iron element 3.

  The holding rod 31 has at each of its ends an eyelet 31a for the passage of an arm

of stirrup 34.

  The lateral faces of the cast iron element 3 comprise recesses 35 for the insertion of

the stirrup 34.

  On the other hand, the holding rod 31 may comprise wedges, not shown, providing a space between said rod and the hot face 13 of the element.

  cast iron 3 with refractory lining 4.

  The holding rod 31 also carries supports 31 b of shuttering elements, not shown,

  for molding the mass of the refractory lining 4.

  Each anchoring member 30 may have the

  shape of a cone or tail of carp.

  In this embodiment, the armature 10 allows, in addition to the cohesion between the cast iron element 3 and the refractory lining 4, a mounting

  adaptable to all cooling plates

  and regardless of the chosen form of the face

  hot wearing refractory lining.

  In all the embodiments described above, the part of the reinforcement embedded in the mass of the refractory material may comprise

  anchoring means having shapes

  chage in the refractory mass as for example, a

  cone, a carp tail or any other profile.

  The reinforcement forms a lattice embedded in the mass of the refractory, which makes it possible to control and orient during the aging of the cooling plate used in the blast furnace, the inevitable crack initiation cracks.

  form self-refractory lining elements

  blockers. The crack orientation created by the lattice favors such a structure to the detriment of uncontrolled uncontrolled cracks, generating the sliding of the refractory elements relative to each other

  and detaching said elements.

  When the portion of the refractory lining is partially or totally worn, it is easily possible to replace part or all of the frame, then proceed to repair by gunning, the frame helping to keep the gunning when

of this repair.

Claims (19)

  1 Cooling plate (1) used in metallurgical units whose walls are subjected to high thermal flows, and in particular in blast furnaces, comprising a cast iron element (3)   substantially parallelepipedic shape and a coating   unshaped refractory element (4), the cast iron element (3) comprising longitudinal cooling tubes (5) substantially parallel to each other and whose ends (6) open on the same face (7) of said cast iron element , the opposite face (13) of the cast iron element (3) being in contact with and bearing the refractory lining (4), characterized in that it comprises, on the one hand, an armature (10) part of which is intended to be embedded in the mass of the refractory lining (4) and, secondly, a connection means of   said armature (10) with the cast iron element (3).   Cooling plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the armature (10) is composed of a series of filiform pins (11, 15,). 3 Cooling plate according to   claims 1 and 2, characterized in that each   pin (11) has the shape of a C whose branch is embedded in the refractory lining (4) and whose other branch is intended to cooperate with said connecting means. 4 Cooling plate according to one   any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that   the connecting means is formed by at least one protrusion (12) formed on the face (13) of the cast iron element (3) in contact with the refractory lining (4) and having transverse orifices (14) in each from which penetrates a branch of the pin (11) in C. 5 cooling plate according to claim 2, characterized in that each pin is formed of a rod (15).   6 Cooling plate according to   claims 1 and 5, characterized in that the means   connection is formed by bases (17) arranged on the face (13) of the cast iron element (3) in contact with the refractory lining (4) and on each of which   is fixed perpendicularly said rod (15).   7 Cooling plate according to   claims 1 and 6, characterized in that each   base (17) is welded to at least one cooling tube   edge (5) and is flush with the face (13) of the element   cast iron (3) in contact with the refractory lining (4).   8 Cooling plate according to   claims 1 and 2, characterized in that each   pin is formed by an elastic loop (20)   carrying at least two limbs (20a) embedded in the refractory lining (4) and a rounded portion (20b) connecting said limbs (20a) and intended to cooperate with said connecting means.   9 cooling plate according to claim 8, characterized in that the connecting means is formed, on the one hand, by at least one throat groove (21) formed in the cast iron element (3) near the face in contact with the refractory lining (4) and in which is inserted the rounded portion (20b) of each elastic loop (20) and, on the other hand, by at least one immobilizing member (22) of each elastic loop ( 20) in said throat (21). Cooling plate according to   claim 9, characterized in that the organ of im-   mobilization is formed by a long needle (22) passing through the rounded portion (20b) of each loop   spring (20) and placed in the axis of the cylindrical groove that (21) corresponding.   Cooling plate according to Claim 1, characterized in that the armature (10) is composed, on the one hand, of a series of combs (25) embedded in the refractory lining (4) and each having teeth ( 25 a) fixed on a transverse support (25b) arranged longitudinally with respect to the face (13) of the cast iron element (3) in contact with the refractory lining (4) and, on the other hand, by at least an elongated bar (26) on which said combs (25) are fixed by means of spacers (27).   12 Cooling plate according to   claims 1 and 11, characterized in that the means   connection is formed by at least one throttled groove (28) formed in the cast iron element (3), close to the face (13) in contact with the refractory lining (4) and in which is inserted said elongated bar (26).   13 Cooling plate according to claim 11, characterized in that the combs (25), the bars (26) and the spacers (27) are tubular. Cooling plate according to claim 12, characterized in that the groove (28) is in the form of a T. Cooling plate according to claim 12, characterized in that the groove (28) is cylindrical.   16 Cooling plate according to one   any of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that   that the slender bar (26) cleans with the throat (28) corresponding a game.   17 Cooling plate according to one   any of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that   that the slender bar (26) is held in the throat   (28) by means of a long locking rod (29)   pin inserted between said bar (26) and the inner surface said groove (28).   Cooling plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the armature 10 is composed, on the one hand, by a series of anchoring members (30) embedded in the refractory lining (4) and, on the other hand, on the one hand, by at least one holding rod (31) carrying said anchoring members (30) via spacers (32), said holding rod (31) being inserted into a groove (33) in the cast iron element (3) close to the face (13) in contact with the refractory coating (4).   19 Cooling plate according to   claims 1 and 18, characterized in that the means   connection is formed by at least one stirrup (34) sensi-   substantially U-shaped disposed on the side faces and on the rear face of the cast iron element (3) and connected to the holding rod (31), said stirrup (34) and said   holding rod (31) enclosing the cast iron element (3). Cooling plate according to   claims 18 and 19, characterized in that the rod   (31) has at each of its ends an eyelet (31 a) for the passage of a stirrup arm (34).   21 Cooling plate according to one   any of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that   the side faces of the cast iron element (3) have recesses (35) for the insertion of the stirrup (34).   22 Cooling plate according to one   any of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that   the holding rod (31) carries at least one wedge ensuring a space between said holding rod (31) and the face of the cast iron element (3) carrying the coating refractory (4).   Cooling plate according to claim 18, characterized in that the holding rod (31) carries supports (31b) of elements of   formwork for molding the refractory lining (4).   24 Cooling plate according to one   any of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that   the part of the armature (10) embedded in the mass of   refractory coating (4) comprises anchoring members   ge. Cooling plate according to   claims 18 and 24, characterized in that each   anchoring member in the form of a cone.   26 Cooling plate according to   claims 18 and 24, characterized in that each   anchoring member in the form of a carp tail.   27 Cooling plate according to one   any of the preceding claims, characterized   in that the part of the armature (10) embedded in the   mass of the refractory coating (4) forms a lattice.