FR2678482A1 - ATTRACTIVE COMPOSITIONS OF FEMALE LEPIDOPTERS TORTRICIDES. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to compositions for attracting tortricity Lepidoptera females, which compositions are characterized in that they comprise as active principle one or more monoterpene (s) chosen from the group consisting of P-cymene , D-limonene, alpha-thuyene, alpha-thujone, beta-thujone, thujil alcohol, terpinene-4-ol, (Z) -verbenol, and piperitone. These compositions can, in particular, be obtained from an extract of tansy.

Description

ATTRACTIVE COMPOSITIONS OF LEPIDOPTER FOLLS
TORTRICITES
The invention relates to attractive compositions of female Lepidoptera tortricities.

The group of Lepidoptera tortricities includes various insect pests also called
budworm; in particular, one of them, Lobesia botrana Den. and Schiff (Eudemis of the vine or bunchberry), is responsible for important damage in the vineyards. As a result, much research has been done to control these insects.

A number of methods based on the use of biological agents have been proposed (trichogrammes, entompathogenic microorganisms
Bacillus thurigensis and Beauveria bassiana). It has also been proposed to use synthetic sex pheromones [DESCOINS et al., CR Acad. Sci., 279, 907-910 (1974)]. However, these methods are still in the experimental stage.

 Currently, the only methods actually implemented rely on the use of insecticides. These methods, however, pose the problem of the presence of pesticide residues in fruit and wine, as well as the accumulation of these residues in the environment.

 Much work has also been done over the last hundred years to identify substances that have an attractive effect on budworm. FEYTAUD and BOS [Bull. Soc. Etud. Vulgaris.

Zool. Agric., 6, 3-13 (1914)] have proposed the use of containers containing different liquids in fermentation; STELLWAAG and GOTZ [Anz. Schadlingskde., 13, 129133 (1937)] tested 138 different chemical compounds, as well as various liquids in fermentation. None of this work, however, led to the identification of attractive substances.

 Now, the inventors have now discovered, during field experiments, that tansy plants (Tanacetum vulgare L.) specifically attract female bergamot moths. They have also identified, in an extract of this plant, the active ingredients responsible for this attractive effect.

 The subject of the present invention is attractive compositions for females of tortricited Lepidoptera, which compositions are characterized in that they comprise, as active principle, one or more monoterpene (s) chosen from the group consisting of cymene, D-limonene, lla-thuyene, lla-thuyone, (3-thuyone, thuyilic alcohol, terpinene-4-ol, (Z) -verbenol, and piperitone.

 According to a preferred embodiment of the compositions according to the invention, they comprise a tansy extract.

 The compositions according to the invention may be prepared from one or more of the active ingredients mentioned above, dissolved in a suitable solvent. They can also be obtained by extraction from tansy.

 The attractive effect of tansy extracts and compositions according to the invention on the female Lepidoptera tortricities allow their use in the fight against these insects.

For example, they can be used to attract insects in traps
- either for informational purposes, in order to measure an insect population, and possibly evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment,
or for the elimination of insects by attracting them to destructive traps, for example traps containing an insecticide such as those described in European Patent Application 0 356 656, in the name of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (Inventor) G. GABEL); the use in this context compositions according to the invention avoids spreading the insecticide on the crop itself and in nature.

 Plants producing at least one of the substances identified by the inventors as attractive to females of Lepidoptera tortricities can also be used in the fight against these insects, whether they are plants that naturally produce these substances, or plants modified in this way. purpose by genetic engineering. In fact, crops of these plants attract insects and divert them from other crops of agronomic interest.

 The present invention will be better understood with the aid of the additional description which follows, which refers to examples of the properties of the compositions according to the invention which are attractive to females of Eudemis.

 It goes without saying, however, that these examples are given solely by way of illustration of the subject of the invention, of which they in no way constitute a limitation.

EXAMPLE 1 - OBTAINING A TANISH EXTRACT
Tansy flowers (without the pedicel) stored at -15 ° C and thawed, are distilled with steam, using a distillation-extraction device such as that described by LIKENS and
NICKERSON, [The Pharmacopea Bohemoslovaka, 1987, 4th edition, pp 101-102, Avicenum, Prague, (1987)]. 440 g of flowers are distilled in one liter of distilled water, and the fraction corresponding to the first two hours of distillation is collected.

EXAMPLE 2 - HIGHLIGHTING THE ATTRACTIVE EFFECT AND
IDENTIFICATION OF RESPONSIBLE SUBSTANCES
The tansy flower extract obtained according to the protocol described in Example 1, was analyzed by gas chromatography: more than 200 peaks were detected. In order to determine which active ingredients are responsible for the attractive effect, the inventors measured the attractive effect of each of the peaks by a method coupling a gas chromatography, and an electroantennography [THIERY et al., [J. Chem. School. 16, 701-711 (1990)].

a) ChromatoaraDhie in Dhase gas
The chromatography apparatus used in this experiment is identical to that described by
THIERY et al. (Publication cited above). It is equipped with an inactivated precolumn, 5 meters long, of fused silica, of the megabore type, of a column of DB5 (5 * phenyl-, 958 methyl-pyloxane) (J & W) of 30 meters long. The carrier gas is helium. The temperature is increased linearly from 40C to 250C (5C / min). The molecules eluted from the column are driven by the detector in a stream of purified air (air velocity 20 cm per second, flux diameter 0.8 cm). The relative concentration of each of the components is expressed as a percentage of the sum of the areas of all the peaks, after subtraction of the area corresponding to the peak of the solvent. At the column outlet, a portion of the eluate is directed to the electroantennography device.

b) Electroantennoarannes
The apparatus used is identical to that described in the publication by THIERY et al. supra.

 Females of Lobesia botrana, two days old, are used for experimentation. Insect heads are mounted between the recording electrode that covers the end of the antenna and the neutral electrode inserted into the clypeus.

The experiment was carried out on 15 females. Chromatography peaks causing an electro-enantiomatic response in more than 4 females are identified by electron impact mass spectrometry, (EI, 70 eV). The spectra obtained are compared with the spectra of a database (US National Data
Base) and verified by comparison with the spectra obtained on these standard compounds.

RESULTS
The results are illustrated by Table I below which shows that 24 substances present in the tansy extract elicit a measurable electrohistennographic response in more than 4 females.

9 substances cause a response in at least 70% of females. These 9 substances are all monoterpenes.

TABLE I

<tb><SEP> MOLECULE <SEP> QUANTITY <SEP> NUMBER <SEP> OF
<tb><SEP> (in <SEP>%) <SEP> ANSWERS <SEP> EAG
<tb> NI <SEP> 0.08 <SEP> 5
<tb> NI <SEP> 0.07 <SEP> 4
<tb> NI <SEP> 0.002 <SEP> 4
<tb> NI <SEP> 0.01 <SEP> 4
<tb> a-pinene <SEP> 0.36 <SEP> 7
<tb> 3-thuyene-2-ol <SEP> 0.11 <SEP> 5
<tb> ss-pinene <SEP> 0.09 <SEP> 8
<tb> p-cymene <SEP> 0.27 <SEP> 11
<tb> 1.8 <SEP> cineole <SEP> 1.4 <SEP> 6
<tb> D-limonene <SEP> 0.03 <SEP> 12
<tb>&alpha; -thuyene <SEP><SEP> 0.28 <SEP> 11
<tb>&alpha;; - thujone <SEP> 1.05 <SEP> 13
<tb> ss-thuyone <SEP> 78,34
<tb><SEP> + <SEP> 13
<tb> alcohol <SEP> thuyilic <SEP> 0.64
<tb> Ni <SEP> 0.3 <SEP> 5
<tb> NI <SEP> 0.38 <SEP> 5
<tb> terpinene-4-ol <SEP> 0.75 <SEP> 13
<tb> (Z) <SEP> Verbenol <SEP> 4.33 <SEP> 11
<tb> NI <SEP> 0.03 <SEP> 4
<tb> piperitone <SEP> 6.35 <SEP> 12
<tb> NI <SEP> 0.16 <SEP> 4
<tb> NI <SEP> 0.004 <SEP> 4
<tb> NI <SEP> 0.4 <SEP> 4
<tb> NI <SEP> 0.06 <SEP> 4
<tb> NI <SEP> 0.25 <SEP> 4
<Tb>
NI = Unidentified compound.

 The effect of the total extract of tansy flowers was also tested by electroantennography.

The total extract obtained according to the process described in Example 1 is diluted 1/100 in paraffin oil.

20 1 of this dilution are blown onto the antennas.

The electroantennographic response is recorded as described above. The test was performed on 50 females and 100% of responses were observed.

As is apparent from the above, the invention is not limited to those of its modes of implementation, implementation and application which have just been described more explicitly; on the contrary, it encompasses all variants that may come to the express of the technician in the field, without departing from the scope or the scope of this
Invention.

Claims (5)

 1) Attractive compositions of females Lepidopterous tortricites, which compositions are characterized in that they comprise as active ingredient one or more monoterpene (s) selected from the group consisting of P-cymene, D-limonene, 11-thuyene, thuyone, ss-thuyone, thuyilic alcohol, terpinene-4-ol, (Z) -verbenol, and piperitone.  2) Compositions according to claim 1, characterized in that they comprise a tansy extract.  3) Compositions according to Claim 2, characterized in that the tansy extract is an extract of tansy flowers obtained by distillation.  4) Use of tansy or an extract thereof, as attractant of females of Lepidoptera tortricities.  5) Use of one or more monoterpene (s) selected from the group consisting of P-cymene, D-limonene, lla-thuyene, lla-thuyone, (3-thuyone, thuilic alcohol, terpinene-4-ol, (Z) -verbenol, and piperitone, as attractant to female Lepidoptera tortricidae.