FR2573624A1 - AGENT FOR COMBATING BACTERIA AND PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI COMPRISING QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS - Google Patents

Abstract

THE INVENTION DESCRIBES MICROBICIDAL AGENTS FOR COMBATING BACTERIA AND PHYTOPATHOGENOUS FUNGI IN FRUIT CROPS AND HORTICULTURE, AGRICULTURE AND IN ORNAMENTAL TIMBER AND IN ARBORICULTURE. THE AGENTS CONTAIN AS ACTIVE MATERIAL BACTERICIDES OF THE CLASS OF QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS, WHICH ARE IF NECESSARY PRODUCED AND APPLIED WITH FUNGICIDES OF THE CLASS OF BENZIMIDAZOLES OR FORMATORS OF BENZIMIDAZOLES, PHTHALIMIDES, ALPHIOCARCOYL-DAMATES.

Description

The present invention describes microbicidal agents for combating

  bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi in fruit crops

  and in horticulture, agriculture and in ornamental trees and arboriculture.

  The agents contain, as active ingredient, bactericides

  nant to the class of quaternary ammonium compounds of general formula cH2 C H - c ianz2 + t = r 2 2 o Ri and R2 represent hydrogen atoms, alkyl radicals or hydroxyalkyl radicals C1 to C4. n represents an integer from 1 to 20 and therefore C Hn + 1 an C1 to C20 alkyl radical and X represents a halogen such as chlorine, bromine or iodine and which are produced and applied possibly mixed with fungicides of the class benzimidazoles or promoter of

  benzimidazoles, phthalimides, alkyl morpholines or dithiocarbamates.

  The invention pursues the aim of inhibiting microbial damage to plants

  grown during the growing season.

  The invention relates to microbicidal active ingredients, their formulation and combination for combating bacteria and fungi.

  in fruit crops and horticulture, in agriculture and arboriculture.

  The agents according to the invention can be applied before, during or after the vegetative period of the cultivated plant, shrubs or woods considered

  to fight bacterial or fungal diseases.

  Agents are barely available internationally to control bacterial disease in crops. There is a global shortage of bactericidal agents to rapidly control disease

  in fruit crops, which act in a specific way and whose application

  tion poses no toxicological problems.

  The fight against bacterial diseases in fruit crops and horticulture, in agriculture and in ornamental trees and in arboriculture is becoming increasingly important with the epidemic spread of bacterial diseases over the past twenty years on the European continent. Although fungicides used with chloramphenicol (DD -WP) are used to combat bacterial rot in the conservation of potatoes and various species of headed cabbage

  78 423 and DD -WP 84 958 as patent of addition, DD -WP 107 204 and DO -

  WP 110 423 as patent of addition) or bronopol (DD -WP 133 885), there are no preparations of this kind in fruit crops. On the contrary, given the possibilities of rapid extension in crops by insects, rain precipitation or treatment measures,

  it is often necessary to clear and burn the crops.

  Crop injury chemicals and cutting tools with agents containing mercuric chloride, cresol or tar, mercury cyanide, sodium hypochlorite or lysol have not been successful desired or as appropriate were

  not to be recommended from a toxicological point of view.

  To prevent infection of flowers, copper preparations were used very early and still today. The downside, however, is that copper compounds cause significant attack

  of rust on leaves and fruits.

  Organic fungicides have only limited bactericidal action. However, inhibition of bacterial diseases can only be obtained with Mancozeb, Thiram or Maneb, and there are regional differences

  of use in various European countries.

  Antibiotics like penicillin, streptomycin, terra-

  mycine, agrimycin, tetracycline, among others, among which in particular

  Binding streptomycin is gaining great importance, has been shown to

  principals. However, the frequent application of antibiotics has led in a short time to strains resistant to streptomycin (CROSSE, JE: "Prospects for the use of bactericides for the control of bacterial disease". 6th Brit. Insect. & Fungicid. Conf. 1971, Brighton, Proceedings 1971, 694 ... 705), with the result that increased use was again made of copper-based agents or combinations of copper-based agents with antibiotics (MOLLER et al .: Fireblight, Streptomycin-Resistant

  Control Studies, 1971 Calif. Agric., 27 (1973), H 6, pp 4-5).

  From the point of view of human medicine, we turn to

  the most different reasons for the use of antibiotics in phytopatho-

  in order not to reinforce the problems of resistance to residues in food in human medicine. It is also for economic reasons that antibiotics can only be used in a limited way. The often followed way to eliminate the affected woods, by clearing or chemical elimination by preparations containing 2, 4 D and 2,4,5 T, by fosamine or Glyphosates is often not replaceable for

  economic and / or toxicological and environmental protection reasons.

  It is known that quaternary ammonium compounds have pronounced bactericidal properties and are used as disinfectants

1 in human medicine.

  In addition, it is known that the quaternary ammonium compounds have an algicidal action (American patent N 3 166 471, Bulgarian patent N 1 120 523) and are also used for this purpose in combination with urea-based herbicides (DD -WP 158 502). In addition, we know that quaternary ammonium compounds have a very broad spectrum of activity against bacteria and fungi in the field of disinfection and also act very well against Alternaria and Botrytis fungi (WITEK

et al .: DD -WP 140 403).

  The object of the invention is to inhibit bacterial diseases of

  cultivated plants, fruit and ornamental wood during the vegetative period

  tive as well as their extension by infection of flowers or care measures and simultaneously to allow by elimination of the primary infection a nursery production or as the case of ornamental wood and to obtain plantations in the field of leisure, in green spaces and roadsides as well as arboriculture. The agents must be here sufficiently compatible with plants. It is simultaneously envisaged to combine the bactericidal action with a fungicidal action and thus to widen

application possibilities.

  It has been found that the quaternary ammonium compounds of general formula + L. o R1 and R2 represent hydrogen atoms, C1 to C4 alkyl radicals or hydroxyalkyl radicals, n represents an integer from 1 to 20 and CnHn + untadical C1 to C20 alcovle X represents a halogen such as chlorine, bromine or iodine with fungicides overcome the shortcomings of the technical solutions known up to now. The agents according to the invention are suitable for combating agents of bacterial and fungal diseases in fruit crops

  and in horticulture, in agriculture and in ornamental wood and in tree-

culture.

  The application can be carried out after corresponding formulation of the active ingredients by dusting, spraying, spreading, watering and

other suitable methods.

  We can thus avoid the technical shortcomings of the solutions already known as - Clearance of fallen woods - Savings of 5 to 15 applications with antibiotics - Resistance problems - Clearance of hawthorn hedges near orchards - Annihilation of bee colonies in neighborhood of outbreaks

  - Long term yield losses.

  Other characteristics and advantages of the invention

  will appear on reading the examples and tables below.

EXAMPLE 1

  The ability to disinfect the working tools of the quaternary ammonium compound benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is tested with an average chain length of n = 15 and methyl radicals for R1 and R2, in the form of a 50% concentrate. . For this purpose, the surface of usual tools is contaminated with pathogenic germs, then it is disinfected with BAC and carried out

  1000 cuts. The results of the disinfection are given in Table 1.

EXAMPLE 2

  To prevent infection of flowers with Erwinia amylovora, flowers are treated prophylactically with benzal konium chloride and then contaminated with a suspension of pathogens. The flowers are sterilized externally and using nutritious soil we control an infection

  with Erwinia amylovora. The results are given in Table 2.

EXAMPLE 3

  The inhibition of flowering of ornamental woods represents an essential and entirely new possibility of inhibiting the spread of infection. To this end, 500 flower buds are treated with the biocidal agent according to the invention. Then we determine the flowers that open. The results

  as for the inhibition of flowering are given in Table 3.

EXAMPLE 4

  In multiple other experiments it has been possible to determine that the biocidal agent according to the invention is suitable for giving a quantitatively higher shoot production on the woods. For this purpose, wood of the same species and age is treated at the time of flowering with benzalkonium chloride and the number of shoots suitable for producing cuttings is counted by comparison with untreated wood. The results are shown in Table 4 and clearly show that the biocidal agent according to the invention can be used in the sense of a chemical cut (pinching)

  and can be used to increase the production of cuttings.

PAINTINGS

  Table 1: Action of benzatl nim chloride for the disinfection of work tools on the example of Erwinia amylovora Biocidal agent Fruit tree cutting (coating) Immersion Coating Spraying

BAC at 1% +++ +++

BAC at 5% +++ +++ +++

Caption: very good action. +.

  good action ++ no action Table 2: Action of BAC to inhibit infection of flowers with Erwinia amylovora- (n = 50 flowers) Biocidal agent Number of flowers affected x10 4 Density of suspension 1 x 109 BAC 50 ppm 0 % 0% BAC 10 ppm 14% 22% Control 60% 100% Table 3: Action of the biocidal agent for inhibition of flowers (n = 500) Wood Number of open flowers Concentration 2% 2.5% 3% Control Hawthorn 12 8 10 500 Medlar from Germany (Feuerdorn) 2 0 1,500 Table 4: Number of new shoots after treatment with 2% BAC Pyracantha Control experience 2% BAC

1 6 15

2 5 21

3 6 17

4 8 18

10 25

  Table 5: Action of the preparation on a suspension of bacteria with different germ density Pathogen Concentration Duration of action

prepa-

  tdens prep imm. 1 min 5 min imm. 1 min 5 min rations (%) 2 x 109 germs / ml 2 x 104 germs / ml Corynebacterium 1 + + + + + + + michiganense 2 + + + + + p.v. michiganense 5 + + + + + +

Bacillus subtilis 1..

2 - -... _

- - _ _ _ _

Pseudomonas

syringae 1 - - -

2 - + + + +

- + + + +

Erwinia amylovora 1 + + + + + +

2 + + + - + +

+ + + + + +

  Legend: + active preparation - non active preparation Table 6: Action of the in vitro preparation (platelet test) Conc. of the preparation 1000 ppm 500 ppm 100 ppm Pathogen Erwinia amylovora + Pseudomonas syringae + + pr. tomato Corynebacterium michiganense +++ + + pr. michiganense Bacillus subtilis ++ - + ++ Legend: - no inhibition level low inhibition level + + medium inhibition level +++ significant inhibition degree

257? 3624

Claims (4)

  1. Agent to fight bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi   in fruit crops and horticulture, in agriculture and in -   ornamental and arboriculture wood, characterized in that it contains, in addition to the usual dissolution and formulation additives, quaternary ammonium compounds of formula I r - 1 X2 =. R1   0fl221 + 1R2 where R1 + R2 represent hydrogen atoms, alkyl radicals or C1 to C4 hydroxyalkyl radicals n represents a C1 to C20 aicoyl radical and x represents halogen atoms such as chlorine, bromine m * or iodine.   2. Agent according to claim 1, characterized in that the ammonium compounds   - preferred quaternaries consist of a mixture of alkyl dimethyl chlorides -   homologous benzyl ammonium (benzalconium chloride).   3. Salon agent claim 2, characterized in that benzal chloride-   conium occurs in aqueous solution.   4. Agent according to claims 1-3, characterized in that they can be produced   and apply them with fungicides of the benzimidazole class or forma-   benzimidazole, phtaiimides, alkyl morpholines or dithio- carbamates.