FR2568299A1 - Factory-made plastic modular fall-out shelter - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention aims to offer, in an economical and quick way, a habitable volume, which, in the event of bombing, of an attack or of an industrial accident, provides effective protection against nuclear, bacteriological or chemical effects : the NBC II shelter consists of an assembly of modules, technical cells and door units which are homogeneous and coordinated, made of compatible plastic materials, assembled on site and then covered with top soil. The modules may be stacked for a packaging in small volumes which, in addition to their lightness, allows them to be transported by land, sea or air. The two technical cells may by themselves accommodate, starting at the workshop, all the survival and hygiene equipment, which is a guarantee of reliability and productivity. The operation on site is quick and easy and only involves assembling the elements, connecting to the various networks and covering with soil and plants. When complemented with equipment for individual protection, for communications, for comfort, and with food supplies for a stay of two weeks, the structure constitutes a shelter which may be extended at will and which is economical, exportable and effective in protecting people against NBC risks.

Description

DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates to a set of homogeneous and coordinated plastic modules and cells, manufactured in industrial series and which, quickly assembled on site, then covered with soil and vegetation, constitute an effective shelter for the protection of people against nuclear, bacteriological and chemical (NBC shelter).

 In the state of the art, the atomic and anti-fallout shelters N.B.C., currently being built in Europe, are made up of a heavy, thick casing made of reinforced, reinforced concrete, and equipped on site according to building traditions. Others are prefabricated and pre-equipped in the factory, but always in huge ferrules of reinforced concrete or steel. The former require a highly qualified and abundant workforce on site. The latter require exceptional means of transportation and handling, both of which are expensive. 0r, acquired at great cost, the anti-seismic quality of these heavy envelopes is only justified in the case where the shelter is located in a very limited crown around point 0 of an atomic explosion. If it is in the crater dug by this explosion it will not be able to resist anyway, and its high mechanical qualities become superfluous as soon as it is located beyond the circle of the shock wave or the breath- of the bomb.

 Hence the idea of looking for a new solution, more economical to be accessible to a wide range of customers, industrialized to the maximum to obtain the best reliability, requiring on site only a quick and easy assembly intervention allowing to achieve an effective shelter in 99% of bombings, attacks or NBC accidents

 The invention consists in the production of industrial series of convex technical modules and cells, coordinated door units of shapes and sizes, as well as flat bases, said cells making it possible to group together in the workshop all of the specific survival and survival equipment. 'hy giene. In addition, all the shapes and dimensions of the modules and their bases are designed to allow them to be stacked in large quantities in small volumes, which, combined with their extreme lightness, their convenience, the possibility of being easily transported. by road, iron, water, or air, in all countries.

 The basic substances chosen for the manufacture of all the constituent products of the shelter are plastic materials of mineral, metalloid or vegetable origin, compatible with each other and their glues or assembly mas tics, which can preferably be reinforced using mineral, textilea, metallic or metalloid fabrics, fibers or yarns.

The convexity of all the surfaces of the modules provides, under small thicknesses of plastic walls, satisfactory resistance to static pressures and possible dynamic overpressures. In addition, all the convex modules are equipped at their base with a small perimeter wedge which serves as a stiffener during handling and transport, distributes by spreading the vertical loads supported by the shelter, increases the junction surface with the base, and collects water.All bases are also do
tees of a perimeter survey of the same profile which increases the area of rush
tion with the modules as said above, centripetal abutment shape opposing
to the horizontal component of the pressures exerted on the shelter, which, by
backlash, subjects the base to centrifugal pulls opposing the reaction
tion of the underlying soil which can thus be little stabilized.

 The very nature of the plastic walls provides a perfect seal, a good finish on the internal face providing paints or coatings, rot-proofing, insensitivity to most acids and fatty substances, good dimensional stability of all the elements, and satisfactory aging in the absence of ultraviolet rays.

 Finally, the homogeneity of the plastic materials facilitates cutting, cutting, cutting, using small hand tools, and allows rapid assembly of the elements by gluing, welding, bolting, riveting. the lightness of the modules makes them handy on site as in the factory.

 Alternatively, if the shelter is to be installed in a high-risk area, it can be made anti-seismic to resist the shock wave, and the breath of a near atomic explosion, by thickening the walls, reinforcing the junctions , poses on a bottom of a loose pit and perimeter filling in pulverulent material with fluid behavior attenuating horizontal stresses. Another solution consists in enveloping all the external surfaces of the shelter and its accesses with a large thickness of concrete reinforced with steel fibers, preferably sprayed with a concrete cannon, the plastic modules then having only the functions leakproof formwork and interior appearance.

The boards attached to this description make it easier to understand and make it possible to locate the places provided for the main equipment
Plate 1/6 represents a vertical section along the shelter and its accesses.

 Plate 2/6 represents a horizontal section of the shelter and its accesses, t 1 meter high above the ground.

 Plate 3/6 has two vertical cross sections: in FIG. 3 at the level of the technical unit, in FIG. 4 at the level of a life module.

 Plate 4/6 has two vertical cross sections: in Figure 5 at the gallery which can form an emergency exit, in Figure 6 at an access gallery inclined at 45 from the garden level d 'a building, for example at the bottom of a garage.

 Finally, plates 5/6 and 6/6 give examples of modular shelter compositions, in elevation in FIGS. 7 and 8, seen from above in FIGS. 9 and 10.

The living modules include: a living module in the form of a quarter sphere (1) located at the end, which can accommodate a door unit, with a maximum capacity of 6 adults and its base (2); a second habitable module in the form of a half-cylinder (3) to be added in the central position, with a maximum capacity of 6 adults and its base (4);
The technical cell in the shape of a half-cylinder (5) and its base (6), the cell being compartmentalized in: a space (20), a toilet (21), a kitchenette (22), a water tank of 500 liters minimum (23), a technical room (24), and a chimney (25) comprising a movable rectangular bottom equipped with an orifice 100 for emptying the sand filling of the chimney.

 The circulation modules include: a tight T-shaped door block (7) to be filled with reinforced concrete of adequate density and setting time which, thanks to its concavities, also forms connection elements between two convex modules; a gallery module in the shape of a pointed arch (8) and its base (9) which can be cut off on site at the desired lengths and slopes; a gallery end module in the shape of a half-warhead (10) and its base (11); a turret cell in the shape of a vandal pyramid trunk (12), adaptable to the chimney; an opening hood (13) anti-vandalism, to be placed on the turret, fitted with two interlocking controls, both internal and external; a length of chimney (25), already mentioned, which can be installed as a second emergency exit if the first is in the landslide of an immovable; a milling scale (26) at 45, which can be cut to the desired length.

 Specific collective survival equipment includes a ventilator (30) with a 22Q / 380 V electric motor and a crank, with incorporated dynamo, fixed to the bulkhead of the technical room; a gas filter (31), in by p & s of the fan, placed on the floor of the technical room; an explosion-proof valve (32) with a screen and an anti-radiation prefilter (33) forming a fresh air intake inserted in the turret; # 125 fresh air ducts (34) with their elbows or tees (35); a flow meter (36); an adjustment flap (37); a condensate recovery unit (38); # 125 (39) fresh air distribution ducts with their elbows and tees (35); ducts 1 125 (34) for evacuating stale air from the toilets and the kitchenette and their pressure relief valves (40) with screen, adjustable to maintain the shelter and the airlock in overpressure of air relative to the outside; watertight doors (7) shielded by filling their shells, forming lost formwork and skin, using reinforced concrete; a folding ladder 2 x 1.80 meters; a survey meter.

 Specific personal protective equipment: helmets, glasses, masks, hoods, jackets, pants, coveralls, boots, gloves, can be stored in the airlock or the disinfection gallery at the entrance.

 The information-communication equipment includes: an all-wave radio receiver including F.M. and a television receiver; preferably a long-range cordless phone.

Hygiene equipment includes in particular: a bowl
English WC with double flap, or a WC-bidet with flexible hand shower (42), with a 10-liter high flush tank (43), a vacuum-blower or a pump and waste water grinder-pump and its collector (44) discharging into line B 32 at 4 meters in height and 50 meters in length; the water tank (23) forming the cell of the technical cell with its regulator, filling-indicator, 24 V booster pump (45), automatic air vent; a shower head (46), installed in the access gallery, for rinsing contaminated clothing and watering; pipes for cold water supply and discharge of valve or waste water, flexible and of appropriate diameters; a septic tank with purifier if necessary.

 The electrical equipment includes: the general power cable 4 x 2.52 or 3 x 42 according to EDF distribution, or a 1.5 to 3 kW mini-group installed in the access gallery, the airlock, or the technical room with exhaust gas exhaust outside; a modular distribution board (47) fixed to the wall of the technical room with a differential circuit breaker and divisional circuit breakers; equipotential bonding of metal parts; a 24 V accumulator battery (48) placed on the floor of the technical room and powered by the fan dynamo which can be moved by the crank; 24 V circuits supplying the electro-pump, the vacuum-blower, the sockets and cigar lighter, the wall lights fitted with warm light lamps.

 The living equipment includes: 3-seater sofa-beds (49)) 5 positions, in mechanical welding, metal bases, foam mattress with rot-proof canvas; storage units (50) with low drawers, shelves, lockers, coordinated with the sofa-beds and the curved envelope of the shelter; folding tables and chairs.

 The comfort equipment allowing, in the least bad material and moral conditions, to ensure a stay of two weeks to the sheltered people, can include in particular: a kitchenette (22) monobloc, vertical, with 2 possible orientations towards module-life or towards clearing, with a 90-liter refrigerator, a stainless steel sink-drawer tray, its mixer tap, its overflow, its drain and its siphon, a 2-plate stainless steel hob 1,500 W / 220 V with thermostat, a 2-speed extractor hood, an electric convection oven 1200 / l 600 W self-cleaning, with adjustable thermostat, an upper door with shelves; a 12 liter - 2 KW - 220 V water heater with 3 temperature selector (51) fixed on the wall of the technical room; a shower with plastic shower tray (52), siphon drain, mixer tap, flexible hose and plastic hand shower; an electric anti-odor vacuum cleaner (53) for the toilet; a 220 V air heater (54) on the fan discharge; a humidity controller; a hygrometer - thermometer - barometer set; an enclosed sauna with beds, stove and specific accessories; a multi-jet massage shower column and a wall-mounted servant; mechanically or electrically operated security locks or latches for armored doors; a burglar alarm and emergency rescue call device; isolation curtains from the day beds; carpets or floor carpets; a 30 liter cooler operating on cigar lighter; a photovoltaic generator; a solar panel water heater; color TV, VCR, projector, games, hi-fi channels, minicomputer, software.

 Solid and liquid food reserves will be provided for an independent stay of two to three weeks.

 The technical cells pre-equipped in the workshop, the door blocks and the life modules, in extensive capacity, assembled on site constitute the shelter itself, having the semi-ovoid shape of a personal protective helmet. The circulation modules can be added at the ends, preferably positioned in bayonets, linked using new door units arranged in staggered rows or orthogonally to the first. A characteristic shelter will include: an access gallery forming a disinfection room, a first door block, a perpendicular gallery forming its and cloakroom, a second door block, one or more living modules, one or more technical cells pre-equipped in the workshop and their turrets and, optionally: a third block door, an exit gallery, an emergency turret chimney outside the scree cone. The whole will always be covered with a minimum thickness of 1.20 meters of topsoil and plantations.

 The shelter can be independent when connected to other shelters to form a set with reciprocal entrances and emergency exits, or even atee connected to the garden level or to the basement of a building. it can be on one level covered with earth, or completely buried on flat or sloping ground.

 The preliminary study of adaptation to the ground and integration into the site under the form of an artificial earthen lifting within the meaning of the Town Planning Code, will preferably be made by a person skilled in the art.

 The intervention of the Matte d'8uvrage and his earthworker will be limited in the first phase to the preparation of the area forming the receptacle of the shelter and, in the third phase, to the covering of the assembly with earth, preferably plant, ready to receive plantings chosen according to the regional climate and especially the ability of their roots to retain the slopes, and if possible equipped with automatic watering. If necessary, low wall slopes will limit the footprint.

 The second phase of the work carried out by the installer will consist of transport, assembling the modules and pre-equipped technical cells, filling the chimney with sand and block blocks with concrete, connections diverse networks, therefore a quick, simple, economical intervention, all the elements being portable, homogeneous and compatible. Only the reinforced variant made anti-seismic by a reinforced concrete envelope will require the intervention of a team of concrete miners.

 Finally, for certain sites that are difficult to access, total assembly in the factory and transport of the shelter assembly by an aerial vehicle can be envisaged thanks to the lightness of all the components of said assembly.

Claims (10)

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S  1 - Industrial plastic modular shelter constituting an effective protection against nuclear, bacteriological and chemical fallout (NBC shelter) characterized in that it is composed of elements prefabricated in the factory or in the form of modules, technical cells and door unit, all made up of plastics compatible with each other and their adhesives or assembly sealants, and intended to be covered with earth over a minimum thickness of 1.20 meters.  2 - Shelter according to claim 1 characterized in that its convex modules (1) (3) (8) (10) (12) (13) (25) and their flat bases (2) (4) (9) (11) are all designed to be stackable or built-in allowing them to be packaged in quantities in small volumes which, combined with the lightness and dimensions of the components, make them easily transportable by road, Eer, sea or air.  3 - Shelter according to claim 1 characterized by its technical cell (5) and its vandal-proof turret (12) designed to group together all the specific equipment for surviving N.B.C. , as well as personal and food hygiene equipment, which allows them to be installed in the workshop, guaranteeing reliability and productivity.  4 - Shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 3 earactérisé pnr the fact that its modules (l3 (3) (8) (10) and its technical cell (5) all convex, include a perimeter wedge with a designed profile to marry and support each other with the perimeter statement of their bases (2) (4) (9) (11) and <6) respectively, which serves as a raiser during their handling and transport, and which gives them resistance reciprocal additional mechanics after their assembly on site.  5 - Shelter according to claims 1 and 2 characterized by its door unit (7) whose sleeping lt has two concave outer faces, symmetrical with respect to a vertical plane, in conformity of profile with the convex faces of the living module (1) and the gallery module (8), to serve as an assembly part for the latter.  6 - Shelter according to claims 1 and 5 characterized in that the waterproof door unit (7) of which the frame and the opening are made of half plastic shells assembled in the factory is portable and filled, only at the end of construction, with concrete reinforced with steel fibers  7 w Shelter according to claims 1 2 and 4 characterized by @on gallery module (8) and its base (9), easily sectionable on  site at the desired length, and which have the particularity of being able to be articulated according to a cutting profile at 45 making it possible to constitute an inclined plane  for access to the shelter exit as shown in figure 6.  8 - Shelter according to claims 1 and 4 characterized by the possibility, by strengthening ~ the thicknesses of the plastic walls of the modules and technical cells, as well as their connections, to give the structure earthquake resistance allowing it to be installed in an area at high risk of near nuclear expb sion.  9 - Shelter according to claims I and 4 characterized by the possibility of enveloping all its external surfaces with a large thickness of concrete reinforced with steel fibers allowing its installation in an area with a high risk of near nuclear explosion.  10 - Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the possibility of pre-fitting and pre-assembling in the factory all the constituent elements of the shelter, the lightness of which makes it possible to transport it in one block by air, land or sea.