FR2557200A1 - DEVICE FOR THE SOFT SUPPORT OF WALLS OF UNDERGROUND GALLERIES - Google Patents

Abstract

THE OBJECT OF THE INVENTION A FLEXIBLE METAL SUPPORT DEVICE FOR THE WALLS 1 OF UNDERGROUND GALLERIES. THIS DEVICE CONSISTS OF A SET OF REINFORCEMENTS LAYED PERPENDICULARLY TO THE AXIS OF THE GALLERY, SPACED EACH OTHER, MADE OF FLAT IRON 2 OPENINGS 7 AND 7 IN WHICH EACH REINFORCEMENT INCLUDES AN UPPER ELEMENT 3 AND AT LEAST TWO LATERAL ELEMENTS 4 AND 5, ANCHOR RODS 6 THREADED INTO THE OPENINGS, ONE OF THE ENDS INTO THE WALL AND THE OTHER THREADED END OF WHICH ALLOWS THE ELEMENT AGAINST THE WALL TO BE PLATED AGAINST THE WALL BY MEANS OF A PLATE D 'SUPPORT 9 AND A TIGHTENING BOLT 8 ADAPTED TO THE THREAD. IT FINDS ITS APPLICATION IN MOST LANDS EVERY TIME YOU WANT TO REALIZE A FLEXIBLE, SIMPLE, LOW BULKY, ECONOMICAL SUPPORT, ALLOWING TO DECREASE THE DIGGING SECTION OF THE GALLERY AND AVOID THE PROBLEM OF FILLING OF GALLERY WHILE ENSURING GOOD SECURITY.

Description

SOFT SUPPORT DEVICE

WALLS OF UNDERGROUND GALLERIES

  The subject of the present invention is a support device which is

  walls of underground galleries.

  In most galleries and depending on the nature of

  countermeasures, it is necessary, in order to ensure the safety of the personnel, to carry out a more or less important

  maintain the ground and avoid landslides.

  Those skilled in the art know that a support is generally composed of three elements: - a reinforcement whose resistance is sufficient to handle the thrust of the ground, - a shield which is directly related to the reinforcement, - materials fillers intended to remove voids between the surface of the armor and the surface of the wall and to maintain

so the ground up.

  The supports currently used in the various operations

  underground operations (mines, underground quarries, EDF or other tunnels, etc.) are of two different types:

  - of the type with a wooden frame made by making a wood

  located on request, - either of the type with a metal reinforcement made by point bolting through rigid elements, or by systematic bolting with or without the laying of a grid, or by the installation of

  metal frames with voids filling.

  With regard to wooden frames, they require, in

  its weak resistance, resort to strong elements

  dimensions that are a function of the importance of the efforts to bear.

  The choice of this method of support forces the digging of the scab.

  to a section greater than the useful section, from which an increase

  the volume of the cuttings. When support is needed

  after digging, its implementation decreases the size of the scab.

series.

  Therefore, metal reinforcements are preferably used.

  -2- These can be achieved by a bolting punctual

  in which a local treatment of the bad ground is carried out.

  encountered, and which applies to a large number of underground

  Raines. This punctual bolting consists of laying in dangerous places

  an armature consisting of one or more anchor rods

  peeled bolts, which, introduced into the enumeur of the wall, and fixed by means of plates and nuts against this one,

  solidarise dubious areas to areas considered healthy.

  There are several types and anchoring systems: wedge

  the expansion, resin, cement.

  Often, to increase the bearing surface of this type of support, rigid elements are slid between the wall to be supported and the plate-nut assembly fixing the anchor rod; they are flight plates, IPN, rails, blochets etc ..., but they do not adhere

  not always correctly to land to comfort.

  The disadvantage of this type of support is that in case of pressure of land in the treated area, no deformation of the frame allows the expoitant to be warned, except in the case of laying

  of rattles and laying of deformable plates.

  The metal frames can also be made by a

systematic mailing.

  In this type of support, the reinforcement is constituted by a

  seems to be anchored at regular intervals following

  a grid and depth defined by the operator to systematically treat a whole gallery or neighborhood

  in order to promote the formation of a vault

artificial machine.

  The density of this bolting must be sufficient to withstand

  ground thrusts. It is sometimes necessary to complete this

  tying with wire mesh or gunite to eliminate the risk of chipping rock between anchor rods. This process has the same drawback as that reported in point bolting, namely that no information is

  perceived by the operator in case of local pressure of the land.

  -3- The metal reinforcements can finally be realized by means of

metal frames.

  These frames are generally obtained from profiles (TOUSSAINT-HEICHMANN system, for example) made to order and being in the form of several elements in transportable sections, that

  they are assembled on the spot by means of stirrups and nuts.

  These frames then form a kind of portico consisting of two

  lateral bridges used to transmit on the ground, the reorganized efforts

  resulting from the thrust of the ground acting on the upper hanger.

  They are placed at a distance from each other

  nature of the land crossed and are interconnected

  by longitudinal assembly bars.

  The shielding of the gallery is then achieved by means of metal plates.

  tallics that slide on the frames. This type of support, well

  that is widespread in EDF collieries and galleries, poses

  during problems. In spite of certain adaptations of the frame to the profile of the gallery during its assembly, one can not avoid

  the existence of gaps on the periphery of the frame and the need for

give in to their fill.

  Moreover, because of their size, the galleries section

is diminished.

  However, with modern digging machines, of the type "Miner conti-

  naked "or punctual attack (type ROBBINS, ALPINE MINEER, PAURAT etcz ..)

  there is no longer a large amount of money needed to achieve

  This filling, o o lanécesàité to proceed to an external contribution of materials making it possible to make this filling. What

strike the cost price.

  In addition to this inconvenience, the problem of oversizing

  lerie still exists, although to a lesser extent during digging.

  Therefore, the plaintiff, aware of these difficulties, and guided by the desire to work with maximum security, sought and found a device that solves some of the problems

  present support techniques.

  -4- This device belongs to the support of the flexible metal type and aims in particular: - to remove the constraint of filling voids specific to the technique of frames, because this system can marry the shapes of the ground when it is put in place and in this way, avoid oversizing the galleries, - liaise the different types of anchors placed inside

  of this system and therefore to increase the punctual resistance of each

  that stem that becomes integral with a set, - to warn the operator of the pressures exerted between or on the rods of this system which, in this case, is deformed under the thrust of the ground, possibly until the break, - d to be applicable to the majority of the types of terrain encountered,

  - to be dimensioned, according to its use, according to the

  gallery and according to the desire of the operator, so that

  each element can be easily implemented by the Derson-

nel.

  This device consists of a set of reinforcements placed

  pendicular to the axis of the gallery and spaced from each other

  is, andcharacterized in that each frame is made of iron.

  flat whose shape matches the geometry of the wall and includes a

  upper element pierced in the middle of an oblong hole and groove

  longitudinals, and at least two lateral elements placed

  on both sides of the upper element assembled together

  covered and also pierced with grooves, anchoring rods

  spun either in the hole or in the grooves, one end of which penetrates into the wall and the other threaded end of which makes it possible to press said elements against the wall by means of a plate

  support and a bolt of tightening adapted to the threading.

  Thus, the device according to the invention consists of a set of reinforcements each composed of flat iron elements, assembled

between them by recovery.

  This is a first difference with the devices of the art

  and especially with those using metal frames and in which one commonly uses either T-shaped, I-shaped or U-shaped, or more often high-inertia-rolled and wide-winged U-shaped, HEB or HEM type. This is simply flat irons which type can be

  adapted to the efforts required-and the cost price is lower.

  than conventional profiles.

  These flat irons also have the advantage, because of their low thickness.

  to be able to marry the geometry of the wall.

  Each frame has several elements. An upper element, the first to be placed and which therefore interests the vault of the gallery to consolidate. This flat iron carries at the top of its radius of curvature, an oblong hole of small dimension, through which is threaded an anchor rod into a hole previously drilled at the head of the gallery.

  15. This anchor rod, like all anchor rods, is

  killed by a head that enters the wall of the gallery through

  middle of the previously perforated hole.

  This head has either an expansion mechanism, a wedge-type mechanism or any other solution well known to those skilled in the art practicing bolting (resin, cement, etc.) allowing it to either anchor itself definitely in the pitches by push or pull,

  either to adhere to these grounds by resin or cements.

  The other end of this anchor rod is threaded. This threading makes it possible, once the threading is done, to "flatten" the flat iron against the wall with the aid of a steel plate clamped against the flat iron by a tightening nut adapted to the threading; preferably, a deformable steel plate is used which avoids tearing of the nut under

the thrust of the grounds.

  Once fixed at the top of the gallery, this flat iron, which has longitudinal grooves along the majority of its length, allows the operator to perforate with a minimum of security through this flat iron as many holes as he wants depending on the bolting density he has chosen, then to put these anchor rods which will closely adhere the flat iron to the shape of the vault to

consolidate.

  The grooves for the passage of perforation and anchor rods are preferably elongated along the greatest dimension of the element, so as to facilitate maximum perforation and allow greater choice of positioning

of these stems.

  This device is completed by two or more flat irons la-

  TERAL. Their number depends on the section of galleries made. Preferably, each frame consists of three elements:

  an upper element placed at the top of the wall and two elements la-

  placed side by side in the extension of the first.

  In this case, and to reinforce the resistance of the elements to the thrust of the grounds, the ends opposite the elements are superimposed

  and interconnected via the anchor rods.

  The lateral elements are slightly different from the upper element

  by the fact that they do not have in their mid-hole

  oblong for guiding, as is the case for the

  you. These two elements have a discontinuous groove along their entire length. Grooving stops increase the resistance of the element. In addition, these elements have at least one of their ends

  a nesting housing which facilitates their assembly.

  The reinforcement thus produced is relatively compact and staple

  Plique exactly against the wall of the gallery. She avoids all

  emptying problems and reduces the number of

  digging of the gallery because of its small thickness.

  Furthermore, it secures all the anchor rods of the same frame, which strengthens the strength of the system, since the thrust of the ground is distributed over a bearing surface much

  more consequent. The flexible nature of the material used for the

  flat iron (mild steel) allows this system to

  train under the outbreaks and thus to warn the operator of the existence of these outbreaks. This system is therefore reassuring by

his behavior.

  In addition, the dimensioning of the reinforcement may be different in

  depending on the nature of the land and the demands of the operator.

  The only constraint is a problem of weight, so that the frame remains manageable by the staff. Thus the reinforcements according to the invention in particular have the following characteristics: width: 100 - 130 - 150 - 200 mm - thickness: 6 8 - 8 - 10 mm - width of the grooving: 30 - 35 - 40 mm - lengths: upper elements However, these parameters are adaptable to local constraints, which makes it possible to use this system in most construction sites.

underground. -

  The solution provided by this frame, is therefore practical,

  simple, safe, flexible and economical.

  The support device is constituted by a set of such

  the reinforcements placed perpendicular to the axis of the gallery, es-

  pitted from each other by a distance depending on the nature of the terrain. This device can also be completed by the initial pose, on

  the wall, a wire mesh which is then supported by the

  seems reinforcements and prevents the flaking of the grounds between the frames.

  This lattice may also be covered with a layer of shotcrete

  able to ensure a perfect homogeneity of the whole

tenement.

  The invention will be better understood with the aid of the drawings attached to the

this request.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a gallery equipped with a

device according to the invention.

  FIG. 2 is a sectional view along the greatest length of a

upper element.

  Figure 3 shows an upper element seen from above.

  Figure 4 shows a sectional view along the greatest length

  the connection between an upper element and a lateral element.

  FIG. 5 is a view in section along its greatest length of a reinforcement placed in a gallery and having undergone a deformation

under the push of the ground.

-8-

  In more detail in Figure 1 appear the three elements

  flat iron elements (2), the upper element (3) and the two elements

  side (4) and (5) whose ends are superimposed.

  The anchor rods or "bolts" (6) are threaded, after drilling

  of the wall (I) in the hole (7 ') of the upper element and the rai-

  nures (7) of the three elements. They are either sealed or

  created in this wall and allow the elements of ar-

  mature through the nuts (8) and support plates (9).

  The wall of the gallery (1) is covered with a wire mesh (10). FIG. 2 represents, in section along the greatest length, a flat iron (2) constituting the upper element (3) provided with a hole (7 ')

  and grooves (7), on which is exerted, according to the arrow F, the push

from the wall of the field.

  FIG. 3 represents an upper element (3) seen from above,

  the arrangement of the grooves (7) which elongate according to the most

  large dimension of this element and a central hole (7 ').

  In FIG. 4, an upper element (3) and an element

  4), the ends of which are superposed by means of an interlocking housing (11) and are fixed to one another, and to the wall (1), with the wire mesh (10), by means of the anchor rod

  (6). The threaded end of it is threaded into two openings.

  res (7) of said elements placed opposite one another, and

  a support plate (9) and a lock nut (8).

  In FIG. 5, an example of local thrust F 'of earth can be seen.

  rains, contained by the support system presented above and

  highlighted by the distortion of the system, which leads to the ex-

  to intervene to remedy this state of affairs.

  The invention can be illustrated by means of the following application example: An underground tunnel having an elliptical section of 15 m has been equipped with a flat iron reinforcement 200 mm wide and 9 mm wide.

thickness of 10 mm.

  Each frame was composed of three distinct elements: - I upper element of 4, oo m long, bent along the Drofil of the vault and provided with three openings: 5. an elliptical opening at the top, having 20 cm long, two openings on either side of the first, having a length of 1.60 m;

  - 2 lateral elements of unit length of 3.50 m bent

  the profile of the gallery, each equipped with an aperture of 320 cm and the ends of which are superimposed with the ends

  of the upper element over a length of 50 cm.

  These reinforcements were placed at a distance ranging from 0.50 m to 1.60 m from each other and a wire mesh of 5 mm wire,

  square mesh of 100 mm x 100 mm covered the entire vault.

  Such a device makes it possible to support the wall under conditions

  normal operating conditions without recourse to conventional

  the filling of the voids and thus to make a support giving to the gallery dimensions substantially similar to those

obtained after digging.

-10-

Claims (4)

  1. Flexible metal retaining device for scallop walls   subterranean structures, consisting of a set of reinforced   pendicular to the axis of the gallery and spaced from each other   characterized in that each armature is made of flat iron (2) whose shape matches the geometry of the wall (1) and comprises an upper element (3) pierced in the middle of an oblong hole (7 ')   and longitudinal grooves (7) and at least two lateral elements   (4) and (5) placed on either side of the upper element as-   overlapped between them and pierced with grooves (7),   anchoring rods (6) threaded either in the tread or in the grooves   end of which penetrates into the wall and the other end of which   Threaded joint allows said elements to be pressed against the wall by means of a support plate (9) and a clamping bolt (8). suitable for threading.   2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the ends of the lateral elements has a housing interlocking (11).   3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall is covered with a wire mesh (10) supported by the set of frames.   4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lattice is covered with concrete.