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FR2498131A1 - LV auxiliary supply DC=DC converter for battery powered vehicle - uses push=pull power transistor oscillator feeding step down transformer having rectified output to produce LV DC - Google Patents

LV auxiliary supply DC=DC converter for battery powered vehicle - uses push=pull power transistor oscillator feeding step down transformer having rectified output to produce LV DC Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2498131A1
FR2498131A1 FR8101157A FR8101157A FR2498131A1 FR 2498131 A1 FR2498131 A1 FR 2498131A1 FR 8101157 A FR8101157 A FR 8101157A FR 8101157 A FR8101157 A FR 8101157A FR 2498131 A1 FR2498131 A1 FR 2498131A1
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Prior art keywords
current
transistors
step down
primary
transformer
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Granted
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FR8101157A
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French (fr)
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FR2498131B1 (en
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Priority to FR8101157A priority Critical patent/FR2498131A1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/338—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a self-oscillating arrangement
    • H02M3/3385—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a self-oscillating arrangement with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H02M3/3387—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a self-oscillating arrangement with automatic control of output voltage or current in a push-pull configuration
    • H02M3/3388—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a self-oscillating arrangement with automatic control of output voltage or current in a push-pull configuration of the parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The supply voltage low voltage auxiliary circuits is derived from the higher voltage main supply batteries through a DC-DC converter comprising an oscillator driving a step down transformer which feeds an outputrectifier. The oscillator has two power transistors (9,10) operating in push-pull mode into the centre tapped (8) primary (1) of the step down transformer (4). The bases of the push-pull pair are driven through diodes (17) from the collectors of a long tailed pair phase splitter circuit (11). The long tailed pair (11) has the emitters connected to a start up circuit (18). A tertiary winding (3) on the step down transfer provides feedback to sustain the operation of the push-pull oscillator. The secondary winding feeds a rectifier (5) giving a DC voltage at the output terminals (6,7).

Description

Dispositif d'alimentation des auxiliaires sur un véhicule a traction électrique.Auxiliary power supply device on an electric traction vehicle.

L'invention concerne l'alimentation des auxiliaires sur les véhicules à traction électrique. The invention relates to the supply of auxiliaries on vehicles with electric traction.

On sait que les véhicules à traction électrique alimentés par batterie de traction comportent toujours un circuit séparé pour l'alimentation des auxiliaires de bord. La raison en est que les divers auxiliaires montés sur un tel véhicule sont généralement alimentés en basse tension continue, le plus souvent 12 volts, avec une borne à la masse (le moins dans le standard européen) alors qu'au contraire le circuit de traction fonctionne à une tension continue beaucoup plus élevée, généralement 96 volts, avec de préférence les deux polarités isolées de la masse du véhicule pour des raisons impératives de sécurité, et accessoirement pour réduire les risques de fuite électrique. Il ne peut donc être question de raccorder le circuit auxiliaire aux bornes du circuit de traction.Pour alimenter ce circuit auxiliaire, on utilise le plus souvent une batterie tampon que l'on charge de préférence à partir du circuit de traction par l'intermédiaire d'un convertisseur réalisant le changement de tension et l'isolement. Certains convertisseurs ont été réalisés pour fonctionner sans batterie tampon, mais il s'agit toujours de dispositifs peu fiables, onéreux et lourds et dont la consommation à vide est relativement importante et conditionnée par leur puissance nominale, elle-même fonction de l'appel de courant maximum auquel ils doivent faire face et qui est en général très important, en particulier lorsque les auxiliaires comprennent des lampes d'éclairage à filament dont l'appel de courant correspondant au démarrage à froid est considérable et risquerait de faire décrocher le convertisseur. It is known that vehicles with electric traction powered by traction battery always have a separate circuit for supplying on-board auxiliaries. The reason is that the various auxiliaries mounted on such a vehicle are generally supplied with low DC voltage, most often 12 volts, with a ground terminal (the least in the European standard) while on the contrary the traction circuit operates at a much higher DC voltage, generally 96 volts, preferably with the two polarities isolated from the mass of the vehicle for imperative safety reasons, and incidentally to reduce the risk of electrical leakage. There can therefore be no question of connecting the auxiliary circuit to the terminals of the traction circuit. To supply this auxiliary circuit, a buffer battery is most often used which is preferably charged from the traction circuit via '' a converter carrying out the voltage change and the isolation. Some converters have been made to operate without a buffer battery, but they are still unreliable, expensive and heavy devices and whose no-load consumption is relatively high and conditioned by their nominal power, itself a function of the call of maximum current which they must face and which is in general very important, in particular when the auxiliaries include filament lighting lamps whose current demand corresponding to cold starting is considerable and would risk causing the converter to go off hook.

Etant donné qu'il s'agit d'un courant continu, un tel convertisseur comporte nécessairement un transformateur abaisseur de tension alimenté du coté primaire par un onduleur, et dont le secondaire alimente par l'intermédiaire d'un redresseur le circuit des auxiliaires, directement ou à l'aide d'une batterie tampon montée en parallèle. Naturellement, le transformateur est 9 primaire et secondaire séparés pour réaliser l'isolation de sécurité des deux circuits électriques du véhicule. Since this is a direct current, such a converter necessarily includes a step-down transformer supplied on the primary side by an inverter, and the secondary of which supplies the auxiliary circuit via a rectifier, directly or using a buffer battery mounted in parallel. Naturally, the transformer is 9 primary and secondary separated to achieve safety insulation of the two electrical circuits of the vehicle.

Le but de l'invention est de réaliser un tel convertisseur pour fonctionner sans batterie tampon en évitant toutefois un surdimensionnement et en limitant la consommation a vide ou a charge partielle au strict minimum nécessaire. The object of the invention is to provide such a converter to operate without a buffer battery, however, avoiding oversizing and limiting consumption when empty or at partial load to the strict minimum necessary.

L'invention consiste essentiellement a asservir le courant du primaire du transformateur a la charge du secondaire. The invention essentially consists in slaving the current from the primary of the transformer to the load of the secondary.

Pour cela l'invention utilise en particulier un montage comprenant deux transistors, alimentant respectivement les deux moitiés du bobinage primaire, et agencé de telle manière que ces deux transistors soient polarisés avec un gain constant, c'est-a-dire que leur courant de base soit proportionnel a leur courant de collecteur qui alimente le primaire et qui est lui-même proportionnel la charge du secondaire du transformateur. For this, the invention uses in particular a circuit comprising two transistors, supplying respectively the two halves of the primary winding, and arranged in such a way that these two transistors are biased with a constant gain, that is to say that their current base is proportional to their collector current which feeds the primary and which is itself proportional to the secondary load of the transformer.

D'autres particularités de l'invention apparattront dans la description qui va suivre d'un mode de réalisation pris comme exemple et représenté sur le dessin annexé, sur lequel la figure unique représente un schéma du dispositif d'alimentation. Other features of the invention will appear in the following description of an embodiment taken as an example and shown in the attached drawing, in which the single figure represents a diagram of the supply device.

Sur ce dessin on a représenté par + et - les deux bornes de la batterie, et l'on voit le transformateur 4 comportant un primaire 1, un secondaire 2, et une bobine de réaction 3, tous a point milieu. Le secondaire 2 alimente un ensemble redresseur 5 de type classiques dépourvu de batterie tampon mais comportant de préférence un stabilisateur de tension et un limiteur de courant pour atténuer les effets de l'alimentation a froid des lampes filaments. Le circuit des auxiliaires est raccordé aux bornes 6 et 7 qui sortent de cet ensemble 5, l'une de ces bornes 7 pouvant être réunie a la masse sans préjudice pour la sécurité du circuit de traction grâce à l'isolement complet produit par le transformateur 4. In this drawing we have represented by + and - the two terminals of the battery, and we see the transformer 4 comprising a primary 1, a secondary 2, and a reaction coil 3, all at mid point. The secondary 2 supplies a rectifier assembly 5 of conventional type devoid of buffer battery but preferably comprising a voltage stabilizer and a current limiter to mitigate the effects of the cold supply of the filament lamps. The auxiliary circuit is connected to terminals 6 and 7 which exit from this assembly 5, one of these terminals 7 being able to be grounded without prejudice to the safety of the traction circuit thanks to the complete isolation produced by the transformer. 4.

Le point milieu 8 du primaire 1 est relié par une diode au plus de la batterie, et les deux extrémités des deux moi tiés du primaire 1 sont réunies respectivement par deux transistors 9 et 10 et une résistance commune R1 a la borne moins de la batterie, tandis que les basses de ces transistors 9 et 10 sont raccordées aux extrémités des deux moitiés de la bobine de réaction 3. Cette bobine de réaction 3 détecte la variation de flux dans le transformateur et polarise en conséquence un des transistors 9 et 10 pour assurer un accroissement sensiblement linéaire de l'intensité jusqu'au moment où le phénomene de saturation magnétique dans le transformateur produit un basculement et un fonctionnement identique mais en sens inverse avec l'autre transistor, ce qui produit finalement au primaire un courant en dents de scie. The midpoint 8 of the primary 1 is connected by a diode at most of the battery, and the two ends of the two parts of the primary 1 are joined respectively by two transistors 9 and 10 and a common resistor R1 at the negative terminal of the battery , while the basses of these transistors 9 and 10 are connected to the ends of the two halves of the reaction coil 3. This reaction coil 3 detects the flux variation in the transformer and polarizes one of the transistors 9 and 10 accordingly to ensure a substantially linear increase in intensity until the moment when the phenomenon of magnetic saturation in the transformer produces a tilting and an identical operation but in opposite direction with the other transistor, which ultimately produces a sawtooth current in the primary .

D'autre part, un transformateur différentiel 11 constitué par deux transistors 12 et 13, ce dernier ayant sa base réunie la borne moins, assure au point de jonction 14 une tension égale à celle de cette borne moins. De la sorte, une résistance R2 placée entre le point de jonction 15, entre les transistors 9 et 10 et la résistance R1, et la jonction 14, se trouve parcourue par un courant proportionnel au courant traversant R1, qui lui aussi est placé entre 15 et la borne -, ce courant étant celui qui parcourt le primaire 1. Par ailleurs, un transistor 16 réunit la jonction 14 aux bases des deux transistors 9 et 10 par l'intermédiaire de diodes 17.En négligeant le courant de base dans le transistor 16, qui est extrêmement faible, le courant de base dans les transistors 9 et 10, commandé par 16, est donc proportionnel au courant d'émetteur de ces transistors, ce qui revient dire que ces transistors sont polarisés avec un gain constant de valeur R2/R1.  On the other hand, a differential transformer 11 constituted by two transistors 12 and 13, the latter having its base joined the minus terminal, provides at the junction point 14 a voltage equal to that of this minus terminal. In this way, a resistor R2 placed between the junction point 15, between the transistors 9 and 10 and the resistor R1, and the junction 14, is traversed by a current proportional to the current flowing through R1, which also is placed between 15 and the terminal -, this current being that which flows through the primary 1. Furthermore, a transistor 16 joins the junction 14 to the bases of the two transistors 9 and 10 by means of diodes 17. By neglecting the base current in the transistor 16, which is extremely low, the base current in transistors 9 and 10, controlled by 16, is therefore proportional to the emitter current of these transistors, which means that these transistors are polarized with a constant gain of value R2 / R1.

Au démarrage, il est nécessaire qu'un générateur de courant alimente l'amplificateur différentiel 11, par exemple au moyen d'un contact auxiliaire 18 et de résistances 19 ainsi que d'un potentiomètre de réglage 20. At start-up, a current generator must supply the differential amplifier 11, for example by means of an auxiliary contact 18 and resistors 19 as well as an adjustment potentiometer 20.

Une fois amorcé, le fonctionnement demeure stable, c'esta-dire que le courant alternatif parcourant le primaire 1 du transformateur 4 est constamment proportionnel au courant d'utilisation dans le secondaire 2, ce qui évite tout décro chage en cas d'appel important de courant, comme lors de l'allumage des lampes à filaments, et d'autre part limite à chaque instant les pertes de commutation dans le dispositif électronique, ainsi que les pertes fer et les pertes cuivre dans le transformateur 4 au strict minimum nécessaire. Once started, the operation remains stable, that is to say that the alternating current flowing through the primary 1 of the transformer 4 is constantly proportional to the current of use in the secondary 2, which avoids any disconnection in the event of an important call. current, as when switching on the filament lamps, and on the other hand limits the switching losses in the electronic device at all times, as well as the iron losses and the copper losses in the transformer 4 to the strict minimum necessary.

En particulier, si la consommation du circuit auxiliaire s'annule complètement, les pertes à vide de l'ensemble du dispositif tombent à une valeur extrêmement réduite, de l'ordre de 70 milliampères pour une unite de 250 watts nominale, ce qui évite tout gaspillage d'énergie tiré sur la batterie de traction, tout en restant constamment disponible pour le branchement des auxiliaires. In particular, if the consumption of the auxiliary circuit is canceled out completely, the no-load losses of the entire device fall to an extremely reduced value, of the order of 70 milliamps for a nominal unit of 250 watts, which avoids all wasted energy drawn from the traction battery, while remaining constantly available for the connection of auxiliaries.

Naturellement, d'autres variantes sont possibles pour la réalisation du générateur de courant où la commande alternative des transistors alimentant le primaire, et il est possible d'utiliser des transistors PNP pour les transistors 9 et 10, toutes les polarités étant alors inversées.  Naturally, other variants are possible for producing the current generator where the alternating control of the transistors supplying the primary, and it is possible to use PNP transistors for the transistors 9 and 10, all the polarities then being reversed.

Claims (4)

REVENDICATIONS 1. Dispositif d'alimentation des auxiliaires d'un véhicule a traction électrique à accumulateur, du type comportant un convertisseur raccordé audit accumulateur et dépourvu de batterie tampon, avec un onduleur alimentant le primaire d'un transformateur (4) d'isolement et d'abaissement de tension, et un redresseur (5) sur le secondaire de ce transformateur, et de préférence une stabilisation et un limiteur de courant, caractérisé par le fait que le courant primaire est commandé par deux transistors (9, 10) qui sont polarisés avec un gain constant de manière que leur courant de base soit proportionnel a leur courant d'émetteur. 1. Device for supplying the auxiliaries of a vehicle with electric traction with accumulator, of the type comprising a converter connected to said accumulator and devoid of a buffer battery, with an inverter supplying the primary of an isolation transformer and (d) 'voltage lowering, and a rectifier (5) on the secondary of this transformer, and preferably a stabilization and a current limiter, characterized in that the primary current is controlled by two transistors (9, 10) which are polarized with a constant gain so that their base current is proportional to their emitter current. 2. Dispositif d'alimentation selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le primaire du transformateur (4) comporte un point milieu (8) réuni a une polarité (+) de l'accumulateur, les deux émetteurs des transistors (9, 10) étant couplés a un point de jonction (15) réuni par une résistance (R1) à l'autre polarité (-), que ce point de jonction (15) est réuni par une autre résistance (R2) a un autre point de jonction (14) qui est maintenu par un amplificateur différentiel (11) a la tension de ladite autre polarité (-), et que les deux bases des deux transistors (9, 10) sont réunies par l'intermédiaire d'un autre transistor (16) et de diodes (17) audit autre point de jonction (14). 2. Supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary of the transformer (4) has a midpoint (8) joined to a polarity (+) of the accumulator, the two emitters of the transistors (9, 10) being coupled to a junction point (15) joined by a resistor (R1) to the other polarity (-), that this junction point (15) is joined by another resistor (R2) to another point junction (14) which is maintained by a differential amplifier (11) at the voltage of said other polarity (-), and that the two bases of the two transistors (9, 10) are joined together by means of another transistor ( 16) and diodes (17) at said other junction point (14). 3. Dispositif d'alimentation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte un générateur de courant (19, 20) alimentant l'amplificateur différentiel et comportant un circuit de démarrage (18).  3. Power supply device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a current generator (19, 20) supplying the differential amplifier and comprising a starting circuit (18). 4. Dispositif d'alimentation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que les bases des deux transistors de puissance (9, 10) de l'onduleur 4. Power supply device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bases of the two power transistors (9, 10) of the inverter Push-pull sont alimentées en série avec une des bornes (-) de la source d'alimentation par un enroulement de réaction (3) via un dispositif de redressement (17) de préférence a diodes et un circuit de régulation du courant proportionnel mais non égal au courant d'émetteur desdits transistors de puissance. Push-pull are supplied in series with one of the terminals (-) of the power source by a reaction winding (3) via a rectifier (17) preferably with diodes and a proportional current control circuit but not equal to the emitter current of said power transistors.
FR8101157A 1981-01-22 1981-01-22 LV auxiliary supply DC=DC converter for battery powered vehicle - uses push=pull power transistor oscillator feeding step down transformer having rectified output to produce LV DC Granted FR2498131A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8101157A FR2498131A1 (en) 1981-01-22 1981-01-22 LV auxiliary supply DC=DC converter for battery powered vehicle - uses push=pull power transistor oscillator feeding step down transformer having rectified output to produce LV DC

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8101157A FR2498131A1 (en) 1981-01-22 1981-01-22 LV auxiliary supply DC=DC converter for battery powered vehicle - uses push=pull power transistor oscillator feeding step down transformer having rectified output to produce LV DC

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FR2498131A1 true FR2498131A1 (en) 1982-07-23
FR2498131B1 FR2498131B1 (en) 1983-12-16

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FR8101157A Granted FR2498131A1 (en) 1981-01-22 1981-01-22 LV auxiliary supply DC=DC converter for battery powered vehicle - uses push=pull power transistor oscillator feeding step down transformer having rectified output to produce LV DC

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0770531A1 (en) * 1995-10-28 1997-05-02 Continental Aktiengesellschaft Power supply system for an electric vehicle brake

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2948841A (en) * 1958-04-21 1960-08-09 Engineering Associates Inc Com Transistor power supply
US3471805A (en) * 1967-11-08 1969-10-07 Motorola Inc Oscillator circuit with automatic bias control
DE2311833A1 (en) * 1972-03-16 1973-09-27 North Electric Co CONSTANT CURRENT SOURCE
GB1420318A (en) * 1972-11-04 1976-01-07 Rolls Royce Method and apparatus for manufaccturing an article from a particulate material
US3996506A (en) * 1975-01-06 1976-12-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States National Aeronautics And Space Administration Inrush current limiter

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2948841A (en) * 1958-04-21 1960-08-09 Engineering Associates Inc Com Transistor power supply
US3471805A (en) * 1967-11-08 1969-10-07 Motorola Inc Oscillator circuit with automatic bias control
DE2311833A1 (en) * 1972-03-16 1973-09-27 North Electric Co CONSTANT CURRENT SOURCE
US3775702A (en) * 1972-03-16 1973-11-27 North Electric Co Transistor inverter circuit for supplying constant current output
GB1420318A (en) * 1972-11-04 1976-01-07 Rolls Royce Method and apparatus for manufaccturing an article from a particulate material
US3996506A (en) * 1975-01-06 1976-12-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States National Aeronautics And Space Administration Inrush current limiter

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0770531A1 (en) * 1995-10-28 1997-05-02 Continental Aktiengesellschaft Power supply system for an electric vehicle brake

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