FR2487374A1 - Solid fuels based on waste materials - with expanded microcellular structure - Google Patents
Solid fuels based on waste materials - with expanded microcellular structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2487374A1 FR2487374A1 FR8016637A FR8016637A FR2487374A1 FR 2487374 A1 FR2487374 A1 FR 2487374A1 FR 8016637 A FR8016637 A FR 8016637A FR 8016637 A FR8016637 A FR 8016637A FR 2487374 A1 FR2487374 A1 FR 2487374A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- solid fuel
- fuel according
- waste
- sawdust
- binder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un combustible solide de forme quelconque à base de déchets inflammables finement divisés ou à l'état de particules ou de poudre et son procédé de fabrication. The present invention relates to a solid fuel of any shape based on finely divided flammable waste or in the form of particles or powder and its manufacturing process.
L'invention vise tous les types de déchets. Elle s'applique toutefois plus particulièrement à la sciure de bois. The invention relates to all types of waste. However, it applies more particularly to sawdust.
Devant l'augmentation constante du coût de toutes les énergies, mais plus particulièrement de l'énergie calorifique, la fabrication d'un combustible solide, de bonne qualité et de bon rendement à partir de déchets normalement rejetés, correspond exactement à une des solutions économiques et techniques à nos problèmes énergétiques actuels. Faced with the constant increase in the cost of all energies, but more particularly of calorific energy, the manufacture of a solid fuel, of good quality and good yield from normally rejected waste, corresponds exactly to one of the economical solutions. and techniques to our current energy problems.
La présente invention vise ce but et résoud entièrement l'ensemble des problèmes ci-dessus. The present invention aims at this aim and entirely solves all of the above problems.
L'idée générale de l'utilisation industrielle et domestique de la sciure comme combustible date de l'apparition des grandes scieries. La sciure, en tant que déchet, constituait un produit gênant et encombrant dont il fallait se débarasser. Seule son utilisation et sa vente comme combustible permettait de couvrir les frais d'évacuation. The general idea of industrial and domestic use of sawdust as fuel dates from the appearance of large sawmills. Sawdust as waste was a troublesome and cumbersome product that had to be disposed of. Only its use and sale as fuel made it possible to cover the costs of evacuation.
Sont apparus alors des appareils de chauffage spécialement conçus pour brûler la sciure tels que les poêles à sciure au niveau domestique et les chaudières à sciure au niveau industriel. Heaters specially designed to burn sawdust appeared, such as sawdust stoves at the domestic level and sawdust boilers at the industrial level.
Les carbactéristiques de ces appareils révèlent une conception fort ingénieuse car la maitrise et le maintien d'une combustion correcte n'a rien d'évident dans le cas de la sciure. The characteristics of these devices reveal a very ingenious design because the control and maintenance of correct combustion is not obvious in the case of sawdust.
En effet, la forme physique même de la sciure, puisqu'il s'agit d'une poudre, ne permet pas de réaliser facilement une bonne combustion. Indeed, the very physical form of sawdust, since it is a powder, does not allow good combustion to be easily achieved.
Afin de rendre son transport et sa manipulation plus faciles ainsi que son utilisation domestique plus commode, on a songé, comme pratiqué par les charbonniers, à la mélanger à un liant compatible, à la compacter et à la conformer en boulets ou en briquettes. In order to make its transport and its handling easier as well as its more convenient domestic use, one thought, as practiced by the charcoal burners, to mix it with a compatible binder, to compact it and to conform it into balls or briquettes.
Contrairement au charbon, l'aptitude à la combustion des petits volumes de sciure compactée est médiocre. Unlike coal, the ability to burn small volumes of compacted sawdust is poor.
Par ailleurs, sa tendance à s'humidifier, sa facilité de désagrégation et son inflammation difficile en fait un combustible peu intéressant et peu pratique car nécessitant trop de soins et de surveillance pour sa manipulation et sa combustion. Furthermore, its tendency to moisten, its ease of disintegration and its difficult inflammation makes it an unattractive and impractical fuel because it requires too much care and supervision for its handling and combustion.
L'invention vise à résoudre globalement toutes ces difficultés et apporte la solution rationnelle et complète à l'utilisation des déchets de bois et autres matières combustibles finement divisés normalement rejetés. The invention aims to globally solve all these difficulties and provides a rational and complete solution to the use of wood waste and other finely divided combustible materials normally rejected.
A cet effet, l'invention se rapporte à un combustible solide de grande qualité, élaboré à partir de déchets finement divisés de matierescombustibles,remarquable par une structure microcellulaire renfermant une multitude de bulles d'air qui améliorent considérablement la combustion. To this end, the invention relates to a high-quality solid fuel, produced from finely divided waste of combustible material, remarkable for a microcellular structure containing a multitude of air bubbles which considerably improve combustion.
L'invention se caractérise par la composition suivante : matière combustible de base, - sciure ou déchets combustibles finement divisés ou en poudre,pour 85 à 95 %, agent(s) expansif(s) et agent(s) liant(s) pour 5 à 15 % tels que bicarbonate de soude, déchets de polypropylène, colle d'os, mélasse ou équivalents bon marché. The invention is characterized by the following composition: basic combustible material, - sawdust or combustible waste finely divided or in powder form, for 85 to 95%, expanding agent (s) and binding agent (s) for 5 to 15% such as baking soda, polypropylene waste, bone glue, molasses or cheap equivalents.
Le produit selon l'invention présente toutes les qualités d'un excellent combustible solide. The product according to the invention has all the qualities of an excellent solid fuel.
La combustion est complète, propre et réglable classiquement par modification du tirage. The combustion is complete, clean and conventionally adjustable by modifying the draft.
Son stockage et son transport ne nécessitent aucune précaution particulière, ni matériels spéciaux. Its storage and transport do not require any special precautions or special materials.
Il n'est pas salissant et ne se désagrège pas facilement. It is not messy and does not fall apart easily.
Par ailleurs, son prix de revient s'annonce faible dans la mesure où il est élaboré à partir d'une matière première entièrement gratuite qui entre pour plus de 90 % dans sa composition. In addition, its cost is expected to be low insofar as it is made from a completely free raw material which is more than 90% in its composition.
Et surtout, il permet, au niveau national, de diminuer nos achats en énergie à l'étranger. And above all, it allows, at the national level, to reduce our energy purchases abroad.
Selon le type de liant utilisé, le rendement de combustion, normalement bon, peut encore être augmenté. Depending on the type of binder used, the normally good combustion efficiency can be further increased.
L'invention sera bien comprise à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit des principales caractéristiques tcchniques de composition et de mise en oeuvre dc l'invention, description effectuée à titre d'exemple non limitatif sur un produit type constituant la réalisation de base de l'invention. The invention will be clearly understood on reading the detailed description which follows of the main technical characteristics of composition and implementation of the invention, description given by way of nonlimiting example on a standard product constituting the basic embodiment of the invention.
La description est effectuée en référence à l'unique figure qui représente de façon schématique l'installation ou l'association des moyens destinée à mettre en oeuvre le procédé de fabrication du combustible solide selon l'invention. The description is made with reference to the single figure which schematically represents the installation or the combination of means intended to implement the method of manufacturing the solid fuel according to the invention.
Comme précédemment indiqué, la matière combustible selon l'invention peut être élaborée à partir de déchets combustibles quelconques à l'état fractionnés et de préférence finement divisés. As previously indicated, the combustible material according to the invention can be produced from any combustible waste in the fractioned and preferably finely divided state.
La description portera sur un combustible à base de sciure de bois. The description will relate to a sawdust fuel.
Il est bien entendu que tous les autres déchets du même type ou s'adaptant au procédé selon l'invention entrent pleinement dans son cadre. It is understood that all other waste of the same type or adapting to the process according to the invention falls fully within its scope.
Le combustible solide selon la présente invention est remarquable par sa composition générale suivante
Matière combustible de base
sciure ou déchets combustibles
finement divisés ou en poudre pour 85 - 95 %
Adjuvants
agent(s) expansif(s)
agent(s) liant(s) pour 5 - 15 %
L'agent expansif est choisi dans le groupe des agents expansifs bon marché. On pourra utiliser soit du bicarbonate de soude, soit de la parafine en poudre, soit du polyur
éthane.The solid fuel according to the present invention is remarkable for its following general composition
Basic combustible material
sawdust or combustible waste
finely divided or powdered for 85 - 95%
Adjuvants
expansive agent (s)
binding agent (s) for 5 - 15%
The blowing agent is chosen from the group of cheap blowing agents. We can use either baking soda, paraffin powder, or polyur
ethane.
Le fréon convient également mais son prix de revient plus important et la réglementation de son usage lui feront préférer les agents ci-dessus. Freon is also suitable but its higher cost price and the regulation of its use will make it prefer the agents above.
Le choix des agents liants est également déterminé par des considérations de prix. Parmi les agents retenus, on citera la colle d'os et la mélasse utilisées en principe conjointement dans les proportions suivantes
Le rapport en quantités relatives entre le ou les agents expansifs et les agents liants est de l'ordre de
On peut également utiliser des déchets de matières plastiques tel que le polypropylène en tant qu'agent liant.The choice of binding agents is also determined by price considerations. Among the agents selected, mention will be made of bone glue and molasses, used in principle jointly in the following proportions.
The ratio in relative quantities between the expanding agent (s) and the binding agents is of the order of
Plastic waste such as polypropylene can also be used as a binding agent.
Le procédé de fabrication du combustible solide selon l'invention consiste à mélanger la sciure, stockée dans un silo 1, et les adjuvants en poudre préalablement dosés et mélangés en 2, en provenancc d'un réservoir 3. The process for manufacturing the solid fuel according to the invention consists in mixing sawdust, stored in a silo 1, and the powdered adjuvants previously dosed and mixed in 2, coming from a tank 3.
Le mélange est réalisé dans une cuve 4 équipée d'un malaxeur 5. Tout au long du brassage, on ajoute de l'eau en 6 jusqu'à obtention d'une pâte homogène qui est dirigée par 7 vers un ensemble' d'extrusion. La pâte est acheminée par une boudineuse 8 dans un fourreau chauffant 9 à température réglable et progressive. The mixing is carried out in a tank 4 equipped with a kneader 5. Throughout the stirring, water is added at 6 until a homogeneous paste is obtained which is directed by 7 towards an extrusion assembly . The dough is conveyed by a extruder 8 in a heating sheath 9 at adjustable and progressive temperature.
Le fourreau débouche sur une tête d'extrusion 10 de calibre important refroidie par circulation d'eau en 11. The sheath opens onto a large gauge extrusion head 10 cooled by the circulation of water at 11.
La pâte traverse la tête d'extrusion qui la conforme en élément rectiligne de section quelconque. The dough passes through the extrusion head which conforms it into a rectilinear element of any section.
Le produit est acheminé sur un tapis roulant 12 pour être débité en elements, bûches ou rondins, à longueur désirée en fonction de l'usage. The product is conveyed on a conveyor belt 12 to be cut into elements, logs or logs, at the desired length depending on the use.
La progression du produit à travers le fourreau et la tête d'extrusion est assurée par la pression fournie par la boudineuse 8. The progression of the product through the sheath and the extrusion head is ensured by the pressure supplied by the extruder 8.
L'expansion de la matière et la liquéfaction des agents liants ont lieu dans le fourreau. Ilse forme ainsi une multitude de bulles d'air qui se répartissent uniformément dans la masse devenant alors microporeuse. The expansion of the material and the liquefaction of the binding agents take place in the sheath. It thus forms a multitude of air bubbles which are distributed uniformly in the mass, then becoming microporous.
Ces bulles d'air, emprisonnées dans la masse, ameliorent grandement la combustion. These air bubbles, trapped in the mass, greatly improve combustion.
Le refroidissement assure la solidification de tous les mélanges. The cooling ensures the solidification of all the mixtures.
L'invention a été décrite ci-dessus en détail. Il est bien entendu qu'elle ne saurait se limiter au seul mode d'exécution décrit mais au contraire toutes modifications de détail et du domaine des équivalents entrent pleinement dans son cadre. The invention has been described above in detail. It is understood that it cannot be limited to the single embodiment described, but on the contrary any modification of detail and of the domain of equivalents falls fully within its scope.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8016637A FR2487374A1 (en) | 1980-07-24 | 1980-07-24 | Solid fuels based on waste materials - with expanded microcellular structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8016637A FR2487374A1 (en) | 1980-07-24 | 1980-07-24 | Solid fuels based on waste materials - with expanded microcellular structure |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2487374A1 true FR2487374A1 (en) | 1982-01-29 |
Family
ID=9244620
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8016637A Withdrawn FR2487374A1 (en) | 1980-07-24 | 1980-07-24 | Solid fuels based on waste materials - with expanded microcellular structure |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2487374A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4797135A (en) * | 1986-02-14 | 1989-01-10 | Josef Kubat | Method of facilitating comminution of wood and other types of vegetable biomass for use as fuel |
| EA000041B1 (en) * | 1995-09-14 | 1998-02-26 | ЭУРОН С.п.А. | Solid synthetic fuel and its use as a substitute for wood and method of production thereof |
| WO2002090472A1 (en) * | 2001-05-03 | 2002-11-14 | Duraflame, Inc. | Artificial firelog with sodium bicarbonate additive |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR365095A (en) * | 1906-04-11 | 1906-09-03 | Entrepot D Ivry | Improvements made to the manufacture of so-called "Christmas logs" |
| DE501466C (en) * | 1927-12-22 | 1930-07-02 | Erich Zander | Lighters, especially for green coke |
| GB522299A (en) * | 1938-12-30 | 1940-06-14 | Kay Brothers Ltd | Improvements in and relating to fire-lighters |
| DE1794039A1 (en) * | 1968-08-30 | 1971-11-18 | Chem Fab Koethen Jacobi & Co K | Process for the production of solid foams as fuels |
| FR2317352A1 (en) * | 1975-07-11 | 1977-02-04 | Reckitt & Colmann Prod Ltd | COMBUSTIBLE COMPOSITIONS AND PROCESS FOR MAKING A FIRELIGHTER WITH THESE COMPOSITIONS |
-
1980
- 1980-07-24 FR FR8016637A patent/FR2487374A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR365095A (en) * | 1906-04-11 | 1906-09-03 | Entrepot D Ivry | Improvements made to the manufacture of so-called "Christmas logs" |
| DE501466C (en) * | 1927-12-22 | 1930-07-02 | Erich Zander | Lighters, especially for green coke |
| GB522299A (en) * | 1938-12-30 | 1940-06-14 | Kay Brothers Ltd | Improvements in and relating to fire-lighters |
| DE1794039A1 (en) * | 1968-08-30 | 1971-11-18 | Chem Fab Koethen Jacobi & Co K | Process for the production of solid foams as fuels |
| FR2317352A1 (en) * | 1975-07-11 | 1977-02-04 | Reckitt & Colmann Prod Ltd | COMBUSTIBLE COMPOSITIONS AND PROCESS FOR MAKING A FIRELIGHTER WITH THESE COMPOSITIONS |
| GB1544635A (en) * | 1975-07-11 | 1979-04-25 | Reckitt & Colmann Prod Ltd | Combustible composition |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4797135A (en) * | 1986-02-14 | 1989-01-10 | Josef Kubat | Method of facilitating comminution of wood and other types of vegetable biomass for use as fuel |
| EA000041B1 (en) * | 1995-09-14 | 1998-02-26 | ЭУРОН С.п.А. | Solid synthetic fuel and its use as a substitute for wood and method of production thereof |
| WO2002090472A1 (en) * | 2001-05-03 | 2002-11-14 | Duraflame, Inc. | Artificial firelog with sodium bicarbonate additive |
| US6719816B2 (en) * | 2001-05-03 | 2004-04-13 | Duraflame, Inc. | Artificial firelog with sodium bicarbonate additive |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| ST | Notification of lapse |