FI81374C - Additive for liquid fuel - Google Patents

Description

1 81374

Fuel additive

Engineering

The present invention relates to an additive for fuels 5, such as fuel oil, gas oil and diesel oil, including motor diesel.

Technical background

Over the years, numerous attempts have been made to find suitable substances which, when added to fuels, would improve combustion, reduce corrosion damage, and prevent the accumulation of contaminants in the system.

In addition, significant quantities of fuel additives have been sold for numerous years, but unfortunately the results obtained have not been satisfactory. A certain soot and oil coke reducing effect has been obtained with the aid of certain metals.

In order to reduce the formation of sulfuric acid and the consequent corrosion, it is advantageous to work with a very small amount of excess air. Another reason to use a very small amount of air in the combustion of oils is to obtain a significant improvement in efficiency. Unfortunately, the use of a small excess of air causes the formation of soot and petroleum coke in large quantities.

25 Description of the invention

The object of the present invention was to provide a new additive which is superior to the previously known additives and which economically advantageously improves combustion and thus efficiency, reduces the accumulation and deposition of pollutants in the combustion system, reduces the environmental pollution load and reduces the corrosion damage caused by acidic components. such as sulfuric acid.

This object is achieved by using a fuel additive according to the invention 35, characterized in that it contains 2 81374 1) manganese salts of aliphatic acids, 2) high-boiling tar pitch oil and 3) naphthalene and, if desired, one or more of the following additive 5 components 4) iron naphthalene 5 ) iron (3) chloride and 6) calcium salts of aliphatic acids.

Examples of useful manganese salts include manganese salts of branched aliphatic acids having 8 to 9 carbon atoms, such as Manganese Siccatol, Akzo Chemie with about 10% Mn, 61 to 67% non-volatile constituents, and 35% white spirit or heavy gasoline. Manganese ".

15 "Nuodex Dryer Iron" is an example of a suitable iron for finished products.

Examples of suitable high-boiling tar pitch grades are those containing polyaromatic hydrocarbons such as anthracene oil. By heating 20 anthracene oils, 40% distills in the temperature range of 330-400 ° C. The flash point of anthracene oil is 180 ° C in a closed container.

Examples of suitable calcium salts of aliphatic acids are the calcium salts of branched sub-25 fatty acids with 8-9 carbon atoms, such as Calcium Siccatol, Akzo Chemie, which contains about 5% Ca, 47-52% non-volatile constituents and white spirit as "Nuodex Dryer Calsium" .

The additives according to the invention can be prepared from the three obligatory substances described above by separately heating the tar pitch oil until it is liquid and adding naphthalene while continuously heating to form a homogeneous liquid mixture which is then mixed with the manganese salt preparation.

The additive according to the invention, having all six ingredients, is prepared by combining the mixture obtained

II

3 81 374 by mixing a calcium salt preparation, a manganese preparation and an iron naphthalene preparation and a separately prepared mixture of molten terpentic oil, ferric chloride and naphthalene.

Prior to marketing, kerosene is usually added to additive products to provide a stable mixture that is more easily miscible with the fuel.

The mixture content of the ingredients is usually in preparations used at the following intervals, in which the concentrations of the specific ingredients are: 10 1) preparation containing manganese salts of aliphatic acids 10 - 100 1 2) high-boiling tar pitch oil 1-31 3) naphthalene 5 - 15 kg 4) iron naphthenate preparation - 90 kg 15 5) iron (3) chloride 0-5 kg 6) preparation containing calcium salts of aliphatic acids 0 - 80 1

Calculated on the basis of the active ingredients of the fuel, it is assumed that the mixture content is as follows; However, taking into account that the calculations are somewhat uncertain and should only be taken as examples: 1) manganese content of aliphatic acids 0.008 to 0.08 kg / t la (calculated as Mn) fuel 2) high boiling tar pitch oil 0.009 to 0.09 kg / t 25 fuels 3) naphthalene 0.04 to 0.12 kg / t fuel 4) iron naphthenate preparation (calculated as 0 to 0.05 kg / t as Fe content) fuel 30 5) iron (3) chloride 0 to 0 .04 kg / t fuel 6) calcium salts of aliphatic acids 0 - 0.03 kg / t loja (calculated as Ca content) fuel

A mixture of all six components is commonly used in fuel combustion.

4 81 374

An additive without component 6) is usually used in the combustion of gas oil.

An additive without component 6) is usually used in the combustion of diesel oil and as an additive 5 in motor diesel oil. However, in some cases it may be advantageous to add smaller amounts of calcium salts of aliphatic acids to achieve precipitation, including hard formations throughout the machinery.

The additive according to the invention is assumed to act in such a way that it reduces the surface tension of the fuel and thus causes better atomization and thus better operation with fewer interruptions.

The cause of soot formation during fuel combustion has been estimated to be due to the fact that the atomized fuel droplets are too large. Thus, they cannot be completely burned and pass through the bulb partially unburned and deposit on other hot surfaces as soot. petroleum coke is also formed due to excessive fuel droplets when the oil 20 contained in these droplets is heated to a temperature where they can coke before the droplet burns. The petroleum coke particles formed cannot burn under the prevailing conditions and are carried with the exhaust gas. A finer fuel atomization is observed by using the additive 25 of the invention and thus more complete combustion is achieved than that observed when the fuel is burned in larger droplets. Atomization into smaller droplets results in complete combustion because the high temperature is more easily maintained among the small droplets formed throughout. This prevents the lower temperature from forming in the center of the larger droplets. Complete combustion ensures that no contaminants pass through the system and thus provides protection against precipitation and contamination. By efficient atomization, the fuel-35 can be operated with a smaller amount of air without preventing complete combustion.

Il 5 81374

The lower the amount of air used, the higher the CC 2 concentration in the exhaust gas and the better the combustion and efficiency.

The additive for fuel oil 5 according to the present invention is usually added to one liter of kerosene-containing additive to one ton of fuel oil. With such an addition, it is possible to reduce the temperature to which the oil is usually heated before combustion. This preheating is usually performed by electric heating and is expensive. The energy savings thus achieved are of the order of magnitude that offset the cost of the additive.

In certain cases, it may be desirable to avoid a decrease in the preheating temperature, which instead results in more complete combustion and "better results in the burner".

By using the additives according to the invention in fuel combustion systems, a reduction in the formation of soot, petroleum coke, clinker and sulfuric acid is obtained. In this way, protection against the formation of a heat-insulating layer is achieved quite effectively in the burner. In addition, the corrosion damage caused by the exhaust gas and the water, if present, in the emulsified oil are reduced. This results in a clean and dry burner with a longer service life, a more stable system in operation and less maintenance.

One liter of kerosene-containing additive per ton of oil is also used when the additive of the invention is added to gas oil. The additive prevents the formation of paraffin 30, keeps the tanks, pipes and filters clean, emulsifies water if present in the oil or water formed in the condensation, and protects against corrosion. The additive protects against freezing at -18 ° C. Better atomization and thus more complete combustion is achieved while preventing the formation of soot and 6,81374 coke. Cleaner combustion reduces fuel use and consumption in diesel engines.

The additive according to the invention is also suitable for use as an additive in diesel oils used in stationary and mobile diesel engines, for example in marine engines. Usually one liter of kerosene-containing additive is added per ton of diesel oil. The use of an additive prevents the formation of paraffin, keeps the machine cleaner and makes it easier to start. The additive protects against freezing down to -18 ° C. Tanks, pipes and filters stay clean. The additive emulsifies the water present in the diesel oil and the water formed in the condensation. This achieves protection against corrosion in tanks, pipes and valves. Better atomization is achieved and thus also complete combustion, thus preventing the formation of soot and coke deposits. As a result, fuel consumption is reduced and use is reduced in diesel engines. examples

The invention is set forth in more detail below with reference to the following examples and experiments. Example 1

Preparation of fuel oil additive Combined by mixing 40 l (about 36.8 kg) of Calcium Siccatol (with about 1.825 kg Ca), 20 l (about 25 20 kg) of Manganese Siccatol (with about 2 kg Mn) and £ 20 1 (about 24 kg) of iron naphthenate "Nuodex Dryer Iron" together with a separately prepared molten mixture of 2 l (about 2.32 kg) of "anthracene oil" (40% boiling at about 330-400 ° C) 1 kg of iron (3) chloride 30 and 12 g of naphthalene. The resulting mixture is cooled and mixed with 20 l of kerosene. One liter of this mixture is dosed as an additive to one ton of fuel. The product data for this additive are:. . Density 0.96 35 Physical state brown liquid

Flash point 58 ° C

Shelf life unlimited.

Il 7 81 374

Example 2

Preparation of gas oil additive Combine by stirring 40 l (about 40 kg) p

Manganese Siccatol (with about 4 kg Mn) and 40 ml (about p 5 48 kg) of iron naphthenate "Nuodex Dryer Iron" in a separately prepared molten mixture of 21 (2.32 kg) "anthracene oil" (40% boiling 330 - 400 ° C), 1 kg of ferric chloride and 12 kg of naphthalene. The resulting mixture was cooled and mixed with 20 liters of kerosene. One liter of 10 of this mixture was metered into the fuel additive. The product data for this additive are:

Density 0.90

Appearance brown liquid

Flash point 55 ° C

15 Shelf life unlimited.

Example 3

Preparation of diesel additive Combine by stirring 70 l (approx. 75 kg) p

Manganese Siccatol (with about 7 kg Mn) and 10 l (about p 20 12 kg) of iron naphthenate preparation "Nuodex Dryer Iron" in a separately prepared molten mixture of 2 l (2.32 kg) of "anthracene oil" (40% boiling 330 - 400 ° C), 1 kg of ferric chloride and 12 kg of naphthalene. The resulting mixture is cooled and mixed with 20 liters of kerosene. One 25 liter of this mixture is metered into one tonne of fuel as an additive. Product information for this additive:

Density 0.85

Appearance brown liquid

Flash point 55 ° C

30 Shelf life unlimited.

The surprising beneficial effects observed with the additives of the invention have been observed in the following experiments:

Test 1

Test fuel oil with one liter of kerosene 35-containing additive prepared according to Example 1 per 8,81374 tons of fuel oil. Compared to fuel oil without additive.

The burner was operated at 80% load and the burner was not adjusted during the experiment.

5 Two experiments were performed without additive (Experiment a and Experiment b) and two experiments with additive (Experiment c and Experiment d). The results obtained are shown in Table 1 below.

Il 9 81374 en m vo (0 oo lo o C XX iH i — i m in 03 »H ro iH - en

^ CN i-Η 0 * 1 i — I rOOIrH

e 0) <u e

• H O VO

rd oo · * cno: fÖ rO h ^ h ld ro

Ui nH ΓΟ rH *> (Τ '

• H ΓΝ] H (N r — I ro (N H

(—3 rd + J ro vo

4J O ^ O

0) £} CT \ * iH LT) O

C O ^ I - O

• H (Ni-HCN LO O

03: rd en

•B

r “i C o vo r- o 03 σν m vo E d o» ^ h · * σν i — i o ro f— <ro LO o

M (N i-H CN

-P

k

O 'e O

A X m o o \ ^ e \ o <*> CP CP \ o

CP

e

tp I Λί • H I

O> 1 I

4 -) - 1-1 td id ή i — i td

H Dj rO X

• H O - -P C td 4J £: θ: td (1) tn tn υ

Dj p Ό w -h <d

G: td -H 3 O P

: td: td (D tn Dj td

Ή S C td A

tn> i -h td tn υ e 3 -n td X 3 3

3 3 rH O 3 PQ

• h tntn: OG4-J tn

3 -h a) tn -H

O td o 3 t3 -h O 3. * 4J -p -h o -p m λ; O -H 4-1 tl) Dj -h 3 3 4-) Dj 0) 4-) -rHDjtd-Htn

• —i tni4Jötn + Jitn-HO

3 <u -h n H -rl 3 X3 m tn M C td o 000-P 30030C

Eh x fijOOj ^ tnAicDinzC

10 81 374

Test 2

In an experiment similar to Experiment 1, but using the additive in combination with 20 liters of Calcium Siccatol and adding 50 liters of kerosene, the 5 results shown in Table 2 were obtained.

Table 2

Test Without li- With additive impurity e f 10 Exhaust gas temperature ° C 210 210 CCl content% 13.9 13.9

Amount of oil burned kg / h 210

Solids content in the exhaust gas per kg of oil g / kg 4.6 1.5 SO ~ concentration in the exhaust gas A 3 in the exhaust gas mg / m n, t 3900 3600

Nokiluku (Bacharach) 5 2

Additive dose 0/00 0 2 20 As can be seen from Tables 1 and 2, substantial reductions in solids emissions are obtained and this, together with the reduction in soot, results in better economy in the burner system. The results are obtained without adjusting the burner, as the main purpose was to demonstrate the emission reducing effect of the additive.

The emission during the dosing of the additive is below the limit value of 2.5 g / kg of oil proposed by the Ministry of the Environment and this shows that better economy (higher CO2 content) can be achieved in normal daily operation by adjusting the burner.

As mentioned, the burner was not adjusted during the experiments and it appears that the CO2 number obtained is unchanged at all important points. The CO2 concentration can be optimized by adjusting the burner appropriately.

Il 11 81374

Test 3

Three different fuel oil systems were tested without the addition of any additive. The CCl 2 content of the exhaust gas was measured to be 12.5% and the soot number (Bacharach) 5 to about 5.

The same system was tested by adding 8% water. The results were: CCl 2 content 13.5%, soot number 3-4.

Addition of the additive according to Example 1 (one liter of kerosene-containing additive per ton) gave the following results: CCl 2 content 14.5% and carbon black number 2-3.

It should be noted that no adjustments were made during the three experiments.

It is well known to increase the CO2 content by emulsifying water in the fuel. It appears that the additive according to the invention has an even greater CO2-increasing effect.

Avoiding the use of water reduces the formation of calcareous deposits and at the same time reduces maintenance.

An additional advantage of using the additive of the invention is that there is no need for an expensive emulsification system associated with the addition of water, as the additive only needs to be poured into a tank or dispensed in some other simple way.

By using the additive according to the invention, repeated purifications are usually avoided. Cleaning is virtually unnecessary and, if cleaning is desired, can be performed when the system is stopped for some other reason.

In the experiments performed, the bulbs were cleaner after use after the use of the additive according to the invention than before the start of the experiments.

Test 4

A conventional gas oil system that previously operated with a CO 2 concentration in the exhaust gas of about 13% and a soot was 1-2.

12 81 374

After the use of the additive according to Example 2 (one liter per ton of gas oil), the system operated with a CCl 2 content of about 14.5% and a carbon black number of 0-1.

After this first time after additive 5 had been introduced, a soot remover, unaware of the use of the additive, found that the barrel was surprisingly completely dry and that only a small amount of solids had to be removed from the bottom of the barrel.

In addition, it could be observed that the burner was relatively-10 silent and odorless in operation compared to the previous one when no additive was used.

Test 5

The old diesel-powered truck used to suffer from starting difficulties and usually had an exhaust sa-15 vusi.

When one liter of the additive of Example 3 per tonne of diesel was added, after eight hours of driving, it could be seen that there were no more starting difficulties and no more smoke from the exhaust pipe. In addition, it was clear that the truck had better traction.

Il

Claims (8)

13 81 374 A fuel additive, characterized in that it contains: 5 1) manganese salts of aliphatic acids, 2. high-boiling tar pitch oil, 3. naphthalene in admixture with 0, 1 or more of the following additives 4. iron naphthalene, 5 5) iron (3) chloride and 6. calcium salts of aliphatic acids. Additive according to Claim 1, characterized in that the manganese salts 1) of aliphatic acids are manganese salts of aliphatic acids of branched 8-9 carbon atoms and the high-boiling tar pitch oil 2) is a high-boiling tar pitch oil containing polyaromatic hydrocarbons, of which about 35-50%, 40% distills at temperatures up to 400 ° C. Fuel additive according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains all six components. Gas oil additive according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains a combination of components 1) to 5). Diesel oil additive according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains a combination of components 1) to 5). Diesel oil additive according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains all six components. Additive according to Claim 1, 2, 3 or 6, characterized in that it contains, as component 6), a calcium salt of branched aliphatic acids having 8 to 9 carbon atoms. 14 81 374 Additive according to Claim 1, characterized in that the active additives are present in such amounts that, after addition to the fuel, the concentration per tonne of fuel is: 0.008 to 0.08 kg of ingredient 1) calculated as Mn, 0.009 to 0.09 kg of ingredient 2), 0.04 to 0.12 kg of ingredient 3), 0 to 0.05 kg of ingredient 4) calculated as Fe content, 0 to 0.04 kg of ingredient 5) and 10 0 to 0.03 kg of ingredient 6) Ca concentration. Il! 5 81 374