FI60778C - ADJUSTMENT OF SOLUTIONS - Google Patents

Description

ΓΒΐ f11xK ^ EDUCATION PUBLICATION s en 7 7 G JgaTg lBJ (11) UTLÄGGNINOSSKIUFT 0 C (4 ^> patent issued 10 03 1332

Patent oeddelat y (51) Kv.ik? / Ii * ta3 F 24 J 3/02 SUOMI-FINLAND (21) Pat «nttlhak« mui— Pat * ntaiw6kninf 78l630 (22) Htkamltpdvi - Anaeknlngsdtg 23-05-78 (23 ) AlkupIWi - Glltlfh «udi | 23-05-78 (41) Interpreters (ulklMktl - Bllvlt offamllg 2 ^ .11.79

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-. (44) Date of publication of the relevant decision. -

Patent- och registrentyrelsen Anrtkan utlagd och utl. * Krlft * n publk.nd 30.11.81 (32) (33) (31) Pyydatty Muolkwi— Begird prtoritet (71) Paloheimo Oy, 11100 Riihimäki 10, Suoiiii-Finlarid (FI) ( 72) Klaus Hunnius, Launonen, Viljo Komulainen, Kormu,

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a solar heat collector for buildings.

The use of solar energy is becoming increasingly important. In areas with low sunlight, collectors receiving scattered radiation are the cheapest. However, the disadvantage of collectors currently manufactured is their high cost. Due to the high price, their use is economically unprofitable. The situation would not improve even if the efficiency of the collectors would be as good as possible if the amount of radiation per unit area remained relatively small in any case.

The present invention is based on the realization that by compromising the efficiency somewhat, the price of the collector is made so low that the area of the collector can be made large enough. The low cost is achieved in the present invention by integrating the solar heat collector and the wall or ceiling structures of the house, whereby the additional cost required for collecting solar heat is quite small. When the system may include a heat pump that lowers the collector temperature, the collector structures are substantially simplified. In conventional collectors, where the collector plate is in a gas-tight and well-insulated housing 2 60778 covered by one or two glass or plastic plates, the collector temperature can rise up to 150 ° C, making the structures complex. The reliability of such collectors has often been found to be unsatisfactory.

In the collector according to the present invention, the temperature of the collector surface is generally kept lower than the ambient temperature, so that no heat loss to the environment occurs, the structures are not stressed by high thermal stresses or pressure fluctuations.

By connecting the solar heat collector according to the invention to the heat pump, large surfaces of the roof and / or walls can be used advantageously as binders of the thermal energy contained in the air, even when the actual solar energy becomes low or non-existent. With conventional closed solar heat collectors, this is not possible.

The most essential part of the invention is a sheet metal or other heat-conducting plate or the like bent into a certain shape, which forms the coating of the water roof or wall of the building and at the same time acts as a heat recovery plate, and the features of the invention appear from the appended claim 1.

The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figures 1-5 show cross-sectional views of preferred embodiments of the invention.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, there is a sheet metal web marked with the number 1, the edges of which are turned upwards and in the bottom of which grooves are forced for the heat transfer tubes 2. The plate strips are connected to each other by bending one edge of the turned-up side 3 of the plate 1 over the turned-up side 5 of the adjacent plate. A thermal insulator 4 is usually installed under the plate. A pipe 2 made of a thermally conductive material is installed in the groove of the plate 1, in which the heat transfer fluid carries the thermal energy accumulating in the plate 1 to be used for heating purposes.

The turned-up edges 3, 5 of the plate strips 1 or the like form a waterproof joint as in a conventional sheet metal roof. In addition, in this application they act as a wind shield so that the wind blowing on the roof turns into 3,177,78 vortices when it hits the brushes and does not cool the plate as strongly as the laminarly flowing wind.

Said plate 1 may be uncoated, but is usually coated with a material which absorbs short-wave radiation from the sun well but does not transmit and thus does not reflect radiation which becomes more wavy due to the low temperature of the plate. With a suitable so-called The "Solar" varnish achieves an absorption coefficient of 0.95 and an emission factor of 0.86. The coating also gives the board corrosion protection and a dark color suitable for the current taste.

The plate 1 can be coated e.g. with a selective paint or already when the base plate is made with a plastic coating or after bending with a selective mass.

The housings 8 formed by bending the plate 1 can also be closed by one or more solar or translucent glass or plastic plates 9. One such method is shown in Fig. 2. Fig. cover plate mounting strip. The mounting strip 7 can be either rubber or plastic and can be very different in shape. The base plate 1 itself can also be shaped so that the cover plate 3 can be mounted on it without a separate mounting strip.

Figure 3 shows a closed housing structure 8 in which heat transfer takes place by means of air. The heated air between the cover plate 9 and the collector plate 1 is circulated by means of either natural convection or a fan between the collector and the object to be heated. In such a case, the cover plate 9 can also be a damper, since the radiation hitting the damper causes the damper 9 and thereby the air behind it to heat up. In such an arrangement, a heat pump (not shown) can also be used. In this case, the corresponding heat exchanger of the heat pump is selected as the gas-liquid type.

Behind the collector plate 1 there is usually a thermal insulation plate which can be fixed in place either during the manufacture or installation of the collector plate. Figure 4 shows the thermal insulation attached during the manufacturing step of the plate element. Figure 4 shows the collector plate 4 6 O 7 '7 8 marked with the number 1, the heat transfer fluid pipe with the number 2 and the thermal insulation with the number 4. The thermal insulation can be attached to the collector plate, eg by melting, gluing or foaming. In this case, the pipe 2 can be pressed against the plate 1 without separate fastening mechanisms.

The shape of the collector plate 1 can be determined in such a way that the finished roof or wall surface best meets both architectural and heat collection requirements.

Figure 5 shows an example of such a plate. It has a special shape brush marked with the number 6, which is intended to improve the appearance of the surface and at the same time the heat collection efficiency.

The collector plate according to the invention can thus be shaped in such a way that a plate with a corresponding profile can be used as it is in those places where the solar energy does not hit. Thus, the second slope of the roof of the building may be in the shade so that the energy collector is not on the other side makes economic sense even a heat pump hyväksikäytettäessä else. However, the whole roof is similar in appearance. Likewise, the panels adjacent to the roof can be connected to each other, even if only some of the panels are equipped with heat transfer piping. The same, of course, applies to walls and their coatings.

Facade glass can be used as cover plates in the walls, which in combination with a colored collecting plate gives the desired architectural impression, while in the south-facing façade it acts as an effective heat collection element.

The most efficient collector plate is, of course, obtained from materials with good absorption and thermal conductivity. In addition to metal sheets, the solution according to the invention can be used in structural parts made of plastic, ceramic or other similar roofing material, which, in addition to their normal functions, are formed as solar heat collectors.

In order to improve the absorption capacity, the surface of the collector plate can be made uneven, at the same time increasing the surface area of the plate. It is