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FI20195153A1 - Combined smelting of molten slags and residuals from stainless steel and ferrochromium works - Google Patents

Combined smelting of molten slags and residuals from stainless steel and ferrochromium works Download PDF

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Publication number
FI20195153A1
FI20195153A1 FI20195153A FI20195153A FI20195153A1 FI 20195153 A1 FI20195153 A1 FI 20195153A1 FI 20195153 A FI20195153 A FI 20195153A FI 20195153 A FI20195153 A FI 20195153A FI 20195153 A1 FI20195153 A1 FI 20195153A1
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FI
Finland
Prior art keywords
metal
slag
stainless steel
ferrochromium
converter
Prior art date
Application number
FI20195153A
Other languages
Finnish (fi)
Swedish (sv)
Inventor
Timo Parviainen
Kimmo Vallo
Original Assignee
Outokumpu Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Outokumpu Oy filed Critical Outokumpu Oy
Priority to FI20195153A priority Critical patent/FI20195153A1/en
Priority to TW109106471A priority patent/TWI861066B/en
Priority to PCT/FI2020/050129 priority patent/WO2020178480A1/en
Priority to KR1020217025564A priority patent/KR20210134310A/en
Priority to JP2021551575A priority patent/JP2022523397A/en
Priority to SE2150998A priority patent/SE547477C2/en
Priority to PH1/2021/551890A priority patent/PH12021551890A1/en
Priority to CA3129671A priority patent/CA3129671A1/en
Priority to FI20217132A priority patent/FI131558B1/en
Priority to CN202080012085.9A priority patent/CN113366129A/en
Publication of FI20195153A1 publication Critical patent/FI20195153A1/en
Priority to JP2025060900A priority patent/JP2025092685A/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/04—Working-up slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/02—Working-up flue dust
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B5/00—Treatment of  metallurgical  slag ; Artificial stone from molten  metallurgical  slag 
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B5/00—Treatment of  metallurgical  slag ; Artificial stone from molten  metallurgical  slag 
    • C04B5/06—Ingredients, other than water, added to the molten slag or to the granulating medium or before remelting; Treatment with gases or gas generating compounds, e.g. to obtain porous slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
    • C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
    • C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/005—Manufacture of stainless steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5264—Manufacture of alloyed steels including ferro-alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0087—Treatment of slags covering the steel bath, e.g. for separating slag from the molten metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
    • C21B2400/02—Physical or chemical treatment of slags
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C2200/00—Recycling of waste material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/20—Arc remelting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/22—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

Esillä oleva keksintö koskee menetelmää, missä ruostumattoman teräs- ja ferrokromituotannon metalli- ja metallioksidipitoisten sivuvirtojen sisältävät kuonat ja jäännökset käsitellään pyrometallurgisesti. Keksitty käsittelymenetelmä sulatusprosessi kaikille sivuvirroille ja jäännöksille mainituilta on teollisuudenaloilta. Virrat käsitellään pääasiassa sulana energian säästämiseksi.The present invention relates to a process in which slags and residues containing metal and metal oxide-containing by-products from the production of stainless steel and ferrochrome are pyrometallurgically treated. The invented treatment method for the smelting process for all the by-products and residues mentioned is from industries. The streams are treated mainly as molten to save energy.

Description

COMBINED SMELTING OF MOLTEN SLAGS AND RESIDUALS FROM STAINLESS STEEL AND FERROCHROMIUM WORKS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for smelting metal- and metal oxide- containing side streams, such as slags and wastes generated at stainless steel and ferrochromium works. The invented processing method is a smelting process for all side streams and residuals from the mentioned fields of industry. The streams are treated mainly in liquid phase for energy saving.
BACKGROUND In the steel industry using electric-arc furnaces, substantial amounts of metal- oxide-containing dust is produced. This dust has generated a disposal problem, since it comprises significant amounts of metals which prevent dumping in landfills. In addition, the wasted metals represent an economical loss. In addition to the dust, several waste streams containing metals occur in the industry, which streams present opportunities for metal recovery and reduction of environmental impact. Beginning in the 1970s, the Enviroplas process was developed in South Africa O for processing of slags and dust from the metallurgical industry. A typical process N involves a DC arc furnace which is fed with stainless steel plant dust, antracite, 3 25 flux and a basic agent. The products are an alloy containing e.g. over 90% of the O input Cr and Ni, and a disposable slag. j 2 In European patent 1 641 946 B is disclosed a method for producing a metal alloy io melt in a number of subsequent steps, whereby dust and slags are recycled into S 30 the process in order to recover Cr and Ni.
Currently, side streams from stainless steel production and ferrochromium production are treated separately in various designated processes. Slags are treated in cooled-down form in metal recovery plants, and metal oxide wastes, eg. bag filter dusts, mill scales and sludges are commonly treated in separate waste smelting plants or landfilled. Some amounts of metal oxides are always present in side stream outputs, but it is generally not profitable to melt these streams again to improve the reduction result. Residual metals from the slag streams are traditionally recovered by means of mechanical metal recovery equipment, and some metals remain in slags after treatment.
There are no state-of-the-art methods for treating liquid slags from stainless steel production and ferrochromium production in the same processing unit. Cr203|Fe203 AI203 | MnO | MgO | NiO | [| % | % | % | % | % | % | % [ | EAF- 30- SLAG 60 |20-30| 1-15 | 0.5-5 | 0.5-2 | 1-10 | 1-5 | 5-15 |0-1 AOD- 45- SLAG 60 |20-30| 0-5 0-4 | 0.1-1| 0-4 0-2 | 5-15 [0-1 LF- 45- SLAG 60 |20-30| 0-5 0-4 | 0.1-1| 0-4 0-2 | 5-15 [0-1 FECR- SLAG 0-4 | 20-30 | 4-20 2-7 0-2 |20-30| 0-2 [15-3001 SMS- DUST 1-25 | 2-12 | 5-25 | 15-75 | 0-1 0-1 DUST | 02 | 040 | 570 | 130 | 02 | 820 | 02 | 6415 02 o DUST 0-2 | 0-40 | 5-70 | 1-30 | 0-2 | 5-20 | 0-2 | 5-15 |0-2 O SMS- N SCALE 0-3 | 2-5 [1018] 50-75 | 0-2 0-1 0-2 0-1 & O 15 TABLE1. Average chemical analysis of stainless steel and ferrochromium plants’ E dusts, slags and scales (all in mass %)
O LO
LO o
O N
DEFINITIONS In the context of the present invention, stainless steel slag is a slag generated in stainless steel production in scrap melting, AOD/NVOD-converting and ladle treatment processes. Cr203 | Fe203 | AI203 | MgO | CaO | SiO2 | MnO | TiO2 |
1.10% [057 2.10% | sas | 65% | so [012 orn 1-10% | 0.5-7% | 2-10% | 5-15% | 65% 35% 10.1-2% | 0.1-2% TABLEZ2. Typical stainless steel slag composition range In the context of the present invention, ferrochromium slag is a slag generated in ferrochrome smelting operations from chromite ore. Typical composition range of ferrochrome slag is presented in table 2.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention is defined by what is disclosed in the independent claim. Preferable embodiments are set out in the dependent claims. According to the invention, metal oxide wastes such as filter dusts, mill scales o 20 and sludges are melted together with liguid slags from stainless steel and > ferrochromium production in an electric arc furnace or a converter. A significant g feature is to supply slag feeds in liguid phase, thus significantly decreasing the 5 energy reguirement for melting and reduction.
I & O 25 DETAILED DESCRIPTION
LO 3 Oo Metal oxides from slag streams and metal oxide waste streams are reduced into
N metal by means of pyrometallurgy already in molten phase for energy saving, which improves the profitabality of smelting.
Slag streams relevant for this invention are all slags from stainless steel and ferrochromium production vessels (electric arc furnaces, converters, ladle treatments) and also other metal- or metal oxide-containing side streams from the mentioned metal production facilities — eg. used refractories. The metal oxide- containing side streams relevant for this innovation are metal oxide-, sulphate- or hydroxide-containing gas cleaning dusts, scales and sludges from stainless steel and ferrochromium production (e.g. from smelting, melting, grinding, hot and cold rolling and acid regeneration facilities).
The invented processing method combines the smelting of metal oxide wastes with molten slag feed. Hence, a separate processing unit is not needed for metal oxide waste streams. This combined process also makes traditional mechanical separation for metal remains in slag unnecessary. The current processing method produces pure metal alloy and metal-free slag as output.
Smelting (energy input for melting streams and reduction of metal oxides) can be carried out in AC or DC electric arc furnaces. Also chemical energy can be used if a converter vessel is preferred.
The reduction of metal oxides is done with a reductant. Examples of useful reductants are coke, anthracite, graphite, methane, plastic and rubber. Also other carbon sources may be employed. Further, silicon and aluminium based O reductants can be used. & g 25 Dusts in this context may also include ZnO. A stream for use in the method O according to the invention may involve waste steel plant dust and particulate E matter of a dimension up to 100 mm. 2 When a method according to the invention is utilized, recovery of chromium, iron io and nickel as metal is typically over 90%.
According to the invention, the optimum slag basicity for Cr203 reduction is achieved by mixing molten stainless steel slags (acting as a lime source) and ferrochromium slags. Hence, additional lime feeding and melting is not needed, which saves natural resources as well as energy.
According to the invention, a method is provided for producing a ferrochromium 5 alloy, which preferably contains Cr, Ni and Mo, in a number of successive and synchronized method steps: e in afirst method step, molten stainless steel slag and molten ferrochromium slag are transported from stainless steel and ferrochromium production facilities to a treatment plant for molten slags. Molten slags are fed into an electric arc furnace or a converter, followed by natural mixing of liquid stainless steel slag and ferrochromium slag.
e in a second method step, reduction energy is supplied to the melt in the form of electricity, or chemical energy in embodiments utilizing a converter. Additional energy is needed also for reaching the desired melt temperature, as slag cools down slightly during transportation.
e in a third method step, metal oxide waste streams and reductants — preferably anthracite — are introduced to the melt, and reduction of metal oxides in the slag takes place at the optimum temperature. oO 2 e in a fourth method step, reduced metal droplets in the slag are g allowed to settle into the metal heel. After metal reduction and O settling, the slag and the metal are tapped out from the reduction E 25 furnace or vessel. 0 e in a fifth method step, tapped metal and slag are either cooled into 3 aggregate form or granulated to droplet-like particles. Metal alloy N can also be immediately used as liquid in a stainless steel production facility for energy saving. The produced metal alloy may be used further in the metal industry and produced slag may be used further in various slag product applications, mainly in earthworks.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention is illustrated in more detail referring to the attached drawing where Fig. 1 shows the principle for the combined treatment of metal- and metal oxide- containing residuals from stainless steel and ferrochromium facilities.
EMBODIMENTS ILLUSTRATING THE INVENTION Fig. 1 illustrates how molten slags are transported from metal production facilities to a smelting facility using vessels. Liquid slags are fed into a smelting furnace in a phase, which equals to slag production volume. In addition, solid slags and solid metal oxide waste streams are fed into the furnace from silos via feeding chutes. Extra energy is provided by electrodes to achieve the desired reduction temperature (1500 °C — 1600 °C for metal and 1600 °C — 1700 °C for slag). Carbon-based reductant is added to reduce metal oxides from the slag layer into the metal heel. The settlement speed of reduced metal droplets or other = metallurgical parameters can be modified by slag additives — e.g. guartz and lime. N After reduction and settlement of the produced metal alloy, the furnace is tapped. ? 25 The metal alloy is either used as liquid in stainless steel production or granulated 9 into metal granules for usage in metal industries. Produced slag from the smelting
I i furnace is granulated by air, water or gas into slag products for different O applications. Also air cooling may be used to produce slag aggregates. The 3 produced slag is metal free and further metal separation is not needed.
O N 30

Claims (6)

1. A method for manufacturing ferrochrome alloy, comprising the steps of - feeding to an electric arc furnace or a converter molten stainless steel slag and molten ferrochromium slag, and allowing the slags to mix - supplying to the melt in the electric arc furnace electrical energy, or to the melt in the converter chemical energy, - supplying to the melt in the electric arc furnace or the converter at least one particulate matter comprising metal salts and at least one reductant, - allowing reduction of the metal oxides, forming metal alloy, and allowing the metal alloy to settle, - recovering metal alloy and slag from the electric arc furnace or the converter.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the particulate matter is electric- arc-furnace dust.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the particulate matter comprises at least one metal sulfate, sulfide or hydroxide.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the particulate matter is flue gas dust, scale, precipitate or sludge, originating from a metallurgical process.
D o 25
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one reductant se comprises antracite. >
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein no basic material is added to & the electric arc furnace or the converter. 0 30
O
N
FI20195153A 2019-03-01 2019-03-01 Combined smelting of molten slags and residuals from stainless steel and ferrochromium works FI20195153A1 (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20195153A FI20195153A1 (en) 2019-03-01 2019-03-01 Combined smelting of molten slags and residuals from stainless steel and ferrochromium works
TW109106471A TWI861066B (en) 2019-03-01 2020-02-27 Method for manufacturing ferrochrome alloy
SE2150998A SE547477C2 (en) 2019-03-01 2020-02-28 Combined smelting of molten slags and residuals from stainless steel and ferrochromium works
KR1020217025564A KR20210134310A (en) 2019-03-01 2020-02-28 Combined smelting of molten slag and residues from stainless steel and ferrochrome processing
JP2021551575A JP2022523397A (en) 2019-03-01 2020-02-28 Combined melting of molten slag and residues from stainless steel and ferrochrome plants
PCT/FI2020/050129 WO2020178480A1 (en) 2019-03-01 2020-02-28 Combined smelting of molten slags and residuals from stainless steel and ferrochromium works
PH1/2021/551890A PH12021551890A1 (en) 2019-03-01 2020-02-28 Combined smelting of molten slags and residuals from stainless steel and ferrochromium works
CA3129671A CA3129671A1 (en) 2019-03-01 2020-02-28 Combined smelting of molten slags and residuals from stainless steel and ferrochromium works
FI20217132A FI131558B1 (en) 2019-03-01 2020-02-28 Combined smelting of molten slags and residuals from stainless steel and ferrochromium works
CN202080012085.9A CN113366129A (en) 2019-03-01 2020-02-28 Mixed smelting of molten slag and residue from stainless steel and ferrochrome operations
JP2025060900A JP2025092685A (en) 2019-03-01 2025-04-02 Combined Melting of Molten Slags and Residues from Stainless Steel and Ferrochrome Plants

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20195153A FI20195153A1 (en) 2019-03-01 2019-03-01 Combined smelting of molten slags and residuals from stainless steel and ferrochromium works

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FI20217132A FI131558B1 (en) 2019-03-01 2020-02-28 Combined smelting of molten slags and residuals from stainless steel and ferrochromium works

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JP (2) JP2022523397A (en)
KR (1) KR20210134310A (en)
CN (1) CN113366129A (en)
CA (1) CA3129671A1 (en)
FI (2) FI20195153A1 (en)
PH (1) PH12021551890A1 (en)
SE (1) SE547477C2 (en)
TW (1) TWI861066B (en)
WO (1) WO2020178480A1 (en)

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CN113265534B (en) * 2021-04-14 2023-03-31 嘉峪关宏电铁合金有限责任公司 Low-grade ferrochromium slag recycling production process
FI20245516A1 (en) * 2024-04-22 2025-10-23 Betolar Oyj Process for recycling metal materials from slag

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CN108676942A (en) * 2018-05-18 2018-10-19 廖辉明 The materials such as a kind of iron content and/or zinc lead bronze tin cooperate with processing recovery method with molten steel slag

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