FI20185257A1 - Lighting system creating pleasant lighting conditions - Google Patents

Abstract

The interior space lighting system has one or more lamps (102) which are fixed to the ceiling of the interior space (101) and arranged to radiate light primarily downwards in a vertical and / or almost vertical direction. It also has one or more partially directed reflectors (201, 301) which are located separately from the lamps (102) and which are arranged to reflect a portion of the light that the lamps (102) radiate in a horizontal and / or almost horizontal direction substantially to such a height from the floor of the interior space (101) in which the face of a user of the interior space in question is in the interior space in question, having regard to its interior design.

Description

LIGHTING SYSTEM THAT PRODUCES WELL-BEING-LIGHTING CONDITIONS - BELYSNINGSARRANGEMANG SOM SKAPAR BEHAGLIGA BELYSNINGSFÖRHÅLLANDEN

ENGINEERING

The invention relates generally to the production of adequate lighting indoors. In particular, the invention relates to a system for producing favorable lighting conditions for well-being. The invention is particularly well suited for use in office, residential and industrial spaces whose existing luminaires do not want to be significantly altered.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There are a wide variety of norms for the amount of sufficient light. When looking at them, the difference between the so-called horizontal lighting and the so-called. between vertical lighting. The designations can be somewhat misleading, since horizontal illumination means light that propagates in a predominantly vertical or nearly vertical direction: the designation comes from measuring how much light a horizontal (i.e., horizontal) surface receives. Accordingly, vertical illumination 25 means the amount of light that illuminates a vertical surface. The amount of light is measured as the illuminance, the unit of which, lux, means the luminous flux of one lumen per square meter.

It has been customary to view the amount of light 30 in an office or similar interior workspace through horizontal illumination. In other words, it has been defined, for example, what the illuminance should be in lux (horizontal) on the desktop surface. Once the desired illuminance and luminaire characteristics are known, the lighting system of 35 offices has been able to be designed and

20185257 prh 20 -03- 2018 constructed so that sufficient light is supplied to the workstations.

Figure 1 shows a prior art situation in which the lighting of the office space 101 is produced by luminaires 102 suspended from 5 ceilings. Each workstation has a desk 103. The workstations are separated by partitions or screens 104 which can stand on the floor or be attached to desks, as in Figure 1. considered not to have 10 van correct amount of light if the horizontal illuminance in the desktop 103 plane is 300-750 lux.

Recent studies, however, have found that human well-being can be significantly improved by lighting that specifically produces sufficient vertical illuminance. In addition to the direction, the spectrum of such light is significant, where certain wavelengths are more important than others because they have the greatest effect on the function of the photosensitive ganglion cells in the retina. EML, an abbreviation for Equivalent Melanopic Lux, has been proposed as a unit of well-being in terms of well-being. Its definition emphasizes ipRGC (intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell) rather than mere pin cell sensitivity as in the lux definition. According to the proposal, a person who is required to be in a favorable state of work for work should experience a vertical illuminance of at least 150 EML in the area of his face.

The problem is how this recommendation 30 could be fulfilled in an office whose lighting is designed in a traditional way as in Figure 1. The old lamps 102 in the office space can, of course, be replaced with ones that also direct sufficient light to the sides. This solution is both expensive and non-ecological, as fully functional old luminaires would have to be removed. Old lamps 102 could be replaced with more efficient lamps,

20185257 prh 20 -03- 2018 but this will increase energy consumption. Luminaires 102 are typically sized for a certain maximum wattage, whereby the use of more efficient lamps may be hindered by the inability of the connection device 5 in the luminaire to produce as much electrical power as more efficient lamps would require.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide a lighting system which provides the right kind of lighting for well-being and vibrancy.

The objects of the invention are achieved by using partially directional reflectors, separate from the actual luminaires, which direct the light of the luminaires to vertical surfaces to such an extent that the desired illuminance in EML units is achieved at a height above the floor of the interior. The properties of the reflectors can advantageously be chosen so that they reflect in particular the wavelengths weighted in the definition of the EML.

The lighting system according to the invention is characterized by what is stated in the appended claim. Preferred embodiments of the invention are set out in the dependent claims.

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 shows a lighting system according to the prior art.

Figure 2 shows a lighting system according to the invention.

Figure 3 shows another lighting system according to the invention.

20185257 prh 20 -03- 2018

Figure 4 shows another lighting system according to the invention.

Figure 5 shows another lighting system according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION AND ITS EMBODIMENTS

Figure 2 shows the same office space 101 as Figure 1, but supplemented so that its lighting system 10 is in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The lighting system further comprises one or more lamps 102 mounted on the ceiling and arranged to emit light primarily downward in a vertical and / or nearly vertical direction. Here, all directions that differ from the vertical by less than 45 degrees are considered almost vertical. In practice, very few luminaires delimit the light they emit so precisely that it could be said that they emit exclusively vertical or nearly 20 vertical lights. However, most luminaires for ceiling mounting are designed so that the majority of the light they produce emits downwards in a vertical or near-vertical direction.

According to the invention, the lighting system 25 has one or more partially directional reflectors 201 spaced apart from the luminaires 102. They are arranged to reflect some of the light emitted by the luminaires 102 horizontally and / or nearly horizontally at a height of substantially 120 cm from the floor of the interior 30. All directions that differ from the vertical by more than 45 degrees are considered almost horizontal here.

The height of 120 cm from the floor has been chosen because the face of a typical 35 worker sitting in a typical office chair is approximately 120 cm above the floor. The WELL standard, maintained by the IWBI (International WELL Building Institute), also

20185257 prh 20 -03- 2018 a set of recommendations dealing with the components of well-being indoors, uses a height of 120 cm when dealing with sufficient vertical lighting intensity.

In the study that led to the invention, it has been found that in conventional office lighting, the vertical illuminance produced directly by ceiling-mounted luminaires 102 at work stations at a height of 120 cm from the floor is typically in the order of about 100 EML. In the lighting system shown in Figure 2, according to an embodiment of the invention, the luminaires 102 and the directional reflectors 201 are arranged together to produce an illuminance of at least 150 EML units or even 200 EML units 120 15 cm above the floor at the work station contained in the interior. The portion directly from the lamps 102 contributing to this measurement is denoted by reference numeral 202 and the portion from the partially directional reflectors 201 by reference numeral 203. The portion 203 from the partially directional reflectors 201 may have an illuminance of about 50-100 EML.

The directivity of a reflector can be defined as a directional pattern that shows what proportion of light from a particular direction is reflected in which direction. 25 The first extreme case of directivity is a mirror which reflects every beam of light which hits it at a certain angle of arrival at exactly the same angle of reflection with respect to the normal of the surface and is thus a perfectly directional reflector. The second, opposite extreme30 is a completely diffuse reflecting surface that reflects the light rays that hit it in completely random directions. The partially directional reflector has a directivity between these two extreme cases. Its directional pattern is typically beam-like: most of the light from a particular direction that hits the 35 partially directional reflectors is reflected to a certain name.

20185257 prh 20 -03- 2018 in the direction of or very close to it, in a direction not exceeding 10 degrees deviating from the nominal direction.

In the lighting system according to the invention, it is advantageous to use matte white directional reflectors as partially directional reflectors. They are characterized by the fact that, when viewed by the human eye, they appear white and have no noticeable gloss, but when shown in a directional pattern they nevertheless have a clear nominal direction in which (or in the vicinity of) the majority of light is reflected. The advantage of matte white directional reflectors is that they cause less glare than, for example, glossy reflectors.

In addition to or instead of partially directional reflectors, fully diffuse reflective reflectors can also be used for the same purpose in the lighting system according to the invention. What makes such a lighting system according to the invention is that the reflectors are placed in the space in such a way that together with the luminaires of the space they would produce a sufficient (in EML units) vertical illumination intensity for the desired height. The adequacy of the vertical illuminance produced can be verified by simulation, measurement and / or experimentation. Thus, when reference is made to partially directional reflectors at any point in this description, fully diffuse reflective reflectors as described above, which are intentionally designed as part of the lighting system 30 according to the invention, can also be referred to.

In the lighting system of Figure 2, one or more of the aforementioned partially directional reflectors are mounted on a partition 104 which separates the workstations contained in the interior in question. The use of partitions as anchor points has the inherent advantage that the location of the partition relative to the nearest workstations is often very similar.

20185257 prh 20 -03- 2018 from one workstation to another, in which case a certain type of partially directional reflector and its certain attachment may be suitable as such or with only minor modifications to all workstations in a large office space. In addition, the partially directional reflector attached to the partition does not cause much disturbing shadows: the shadow remaining in the partition or a part thereof is not very harmful, because in the area of the partition itself it would not necessarily be very shady 10 otherwise.

The partially directional reflector may be a separate body at the top of the partition, as in Figure 2, or it may be part of the vertical surface structure of the partition. The partially directional reflector 15 does not have to be a single unitary surface, but may consist of, for example, separate parts fixed to the vertical surface of the partition, like the louvre slats. At the same time, the partition wall itself can also act as a partially directional reflector.

In the lighting system according to Fig. 3, according to another embodiment of the invention, the above-mentioned one or more partially directional reflectors 301 are fixed to the ceiling of the interior in question. The use of a roof for mounting has the inherent advantage that partially directional reflectors and their mountings are as unobtrusive as possible to the rest of the structure and arrangement of the workstations. In addition, the partially directional reflectors and their mountings do not then mechanically stress the structures of the workstations or partitions.

Other possibilities for placing the above-mentioned partially directional reflectors are, for example, attaching them to an edge of a computer screen or placing them matlessly in a suitable place on a desk, for example in the area between the keyboard and the screen.

20185257 prh 20 -03- 2018

In the lighting system of Figure 4, the partially directional reflectors 401 are attached to the partitions separating the workstations 104, partly following the same principle as in Figure 2. However, the workstations 5 are provided with electrically adjustable tables 403. Each user can adjust the height of his desk to his liking. In particular, Figure 4 assumes that the user of the workstation on the left wants to work while standing. The partially directional reflectors 401 are provided with an automatically adjustable mount that responds to the height adjustment of the table by rotating the partially directional reflector to reflect a portion of the light emitted by the lamps 102 horizontally and / or nearly horizontally at a height of substantially 50 cm from the corresponding table surface. This distance can be selected differently; essentially, here too, an attempt is made to reflect horizontal (or nearly horizontal) light at the height of the wearer's face. If the pattern of light reflected by the partially directional reflector20 is sufficiently wide, the automatically adjustable mount can be omitted because the wide directional pattern can be relied upon to ensure that a fixed reflector always produces at least a sufficient amount of vertical illumination at the height of the user's face.

With reference to the above embodiments, it can be generally defined that the partially directional reflectors included in the lighting system are arranged to reflect some of the light emitted by the luminaires horizontally and / or nearly horizontally to a height substantially from the floor of the interior. This height may be defined as the height of the floor or the height of the surface of at least one table in the interior in question, or the height of any other piece of furniture which:

20185257 prh 20 -03- 2018 determines the height at which the user's face is set.

In the lighting system of Figure 5, the partially directional reflectors 501 are retrofitted to the luminaires 102. Even then, they can be said to be substantially separate from the luminaires 102 because they are not part of the originally designed optics of the luminaires 102. The lamps 102 function in a way only as stands to which the partially directional reflectors 501 are attached. As an alternative, partially directional reflectors could also be attached to the walls of that interior.

As noted above, the wavelengths of light to which human ipRGCs are sensitive are of particular importance to EML units. From the point of view of well-being and vibrancy, it is particularly advantageous if the use of partially directional reflectors according to the invention gives these wavelengths of light in the measuring range in particular. One possibility is that the above-mentioned one or more partially directional reflectors contain a fluorescent substance arranged to convert other light into light at a wavelength to which human ipRGCs are sensitive. Another possibility is that a partially wavelength-dependent structure and / or material has been used on the surface of the partially directional reflectors, which reflects in a particularly directional manner the wavelengths to which human ipRGCs are sensitive. With respect to other wavelengths, the surface in question may be more diffuse, thus avoiding the feeling of glare.

Human alertness can naturally vary over the course of the workday, and the additional vibrancy brought by light may be needed in different amounts at different times. In addition, different amounts of inherent vertical lighting intensity may be available indoors on different days 35 when the sun is shining or not shining or when the blinds are closed or

20185257 prh 20 -03- 2018 open. The lighting system according to the invention can adapt to different changing needs, for example so that the partially directional reflectors 201 or 301 are provided with an automatically adjustable mounting. Such a mounting can, for example, turn partially directional reflectors towards the ceiling when the additional lighting they provide is not needed. Another possibility is to provide the partially directional reflectors 201 or 301 with an electrically adjustable coating, which may be, for example, of the same type as in known electrically adjustable windows, the light transmittance of which can be adjusted electrically. For example, an electrically adjustable coating can produce a surface that reflects different wavelengths at different times of the day. This allows you to control the spectrum of light that hits users' facial areas.

Overall, it is advantageous if the lighting of the interior 101 is made to follow a predetermined schedule. Properly timed variation in the amount of light 20 and color can have significant effects on the well-being experienced by people. The luminaires 102 and the partially directional reflectors 201, 301, 401, 501 included in the system may be arranged together to produce a light intensity variable according to a predetermined schedule at a height from the floor of the interior 101 at which the interior is faced by the interior user, according to said predetermined schedule, at least at a certain time 30, said illuminance is at least 150 EML units.

Claims (13)

An interior lighting system having one or more lamps (102) attached to the ceiling of the interior (101) and arranged to provide 5 light primarily in a vertical and / or nearly vertical direction, characterized in that it has one or more partially directional reflectors (201, 301, 401, 501) located substantially separately from the lamps 10 (102) and arranged to reflect a part from the light emitted by the lamps (102) in a horizontal and / or nearly horizontal direction to a height substantially such that the floor of said interior (101) has a face of the user of said interior, taking into account its furnishings. The lighting system of claim 1, wherein said one or more partially directional reflectors (201, 301, 501) are arranged to reflect a portion of the light emitted by the lamps (102). 20 ta horizontally and / or almost horizontally to a height of substantially 120 cm from the floor of said interior (101). The lighting system of claim 1 or 2, wherein said one or more The partially directional reflectors (401) are arranged to reflect part of the light emitted by the lamps (102) in a horizontal and / or nearly horizontal direction to a height of substantially 50 cm from the surface of at least one table in said interior (101). 30 Lighting system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said one or more lamps (102) and one or more partially directional reflectors (201, 301, 401, 501) are arranged together to produce an illuminance of at least 150 EML35 units at such a high 20185257 prh 20 -03- 2018 from the floor of the interior in question (101) which, in view of its furnishings, has the face of the user of the interior in question. According to any one of the preceding claims A lighting system in which said one or more lamps (102) and one or more partially directional reflectors (201, 301, 401, 501) are arranged together to produce a light intensity varying according to a predetermined schedule at a height of 10 from the floor of said interior (101) the interior in question, taking into account its furnishings, is the face of the user of that interior, so that, according to said predetermined schedule, at least at a certain point, said illuminance is at least 150 EML units. A lighting system according to any preceding claim, wherein said one or more partially directional reflectors (201, 301, 401, 501) are matte white directional reflectors. 20 A lighting system according to any preceding claim, wherein said one or more partially directional reflectors (201, 401) are mounted on one or more partitions (104) separating the operating points contained in said interior (101). Lighting system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said one or more partially directional reflectors are at the same time partitions separating the interior of said interior (101). 30 workstations apart. Lighting system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said one or more partially directional reflectors (301, 501) are closed 20185257 prh 20 -03- 2018 to the ceiling, walls and / or said lamps of said interior (101). A lighting system according to any preceding claim, wherein said one or 5 a plurality of partially directional reflectors (201, 301, 401, 501) contain a fluorescent agent arranged to convert other light into light at a wavelength to which human ipRGCs are sensitive. Lighting system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface of said partially directional reflectors uses a wavelength-dependent structure and / or a material which reflects in a particularly directional manner the wavelengths at which human ipRGCs 15 are sensitive. Lighting system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said one or more partially directional reflectors (201, 301, 401, 501) are provided with an automatically adjustable With 20 mounts. Lighting system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said one or more partially directional reflectors (201, 301, 401, 501) are provided with an electrically adjustable coating. 25.