FI125936B - Exhaust washer and ship - Google Patents

Description

Exhaust scrubber and ship

Background of the Invention

The invention relates to exhaust gas scrubbers for internal combustion engines, in particular the purification of marine engine exhaust gas pollutants, in which the exhaust gas scrubber associated with a feed channel of exhaust gases containing impurities supplying arranged in the exhaust gas scrubber in the filler material-containing structure of the mattress-like and mattress-like structure through which the exhaust gas scrubber comprising a supply apparatus for supplying wash water structure of the mattress-like in a different direction than the exhaust gas flow direction of the mattress-like structure in order to reduce pollutants in the exhaust gases , whereby the exhaust gases are removed from the mattress structure and cleaned from the exhaust scrubber outlet. The invention also relates to a ship comprising such an exhaust scrubber.

An exhaust scrubber of the above kind is known from EP 1857169 A1. As the exhaust gases are washed, impurities gradually build up in the mattress structure of the exhaust scrubber, even though most of the impurities are removed from the mattress structure while the exhaust gases are washed. When a sufficient amount of impurities builds up in the mattress structure of the exhaust scrubber, the exhaust gases cannot flow as well through the mattress structure as would be desirable for engine operation. When the resistance of the mattress structure to the exhaust gas flow becomes high, the power of the internal combustion engine decreases fuel consumption and there is a risk that the internal combustion engine will even shut down. It is clear that turning off an internal combustion engine can pose serious safety risks, especially in the case of a marine engine. The exhaust scrubber of EP 1857169 A1 does not allow the use of a marine engine where exhaust gases are discharged from the scrubber without being cleaned. The latter use may occur in geographic areas where exhaust fumes can be discharged untreated.

An exhaust scrubber of the above type is also known from US 2010/0206171 A1.

Brief Description of the Invention

It is an object of the invention to provide an exhaust scrubber capable of scrubbing the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine and also allowing the internal combustion engine to operate normally if the mattress structure of the exhaust scrubber is clogged with impurities so that exhaust gas is not directed through the matrix structure.

This object is achieved by an exhaust scrubber according to the invention, characterized in that at least one bypass passage for passing exhaust gases containing impurities through the mattress structure is provided inside the exhaust scrubber, and further away from the exhaust gas scrubber from an open position to an inhibitory position to prevent the passage of exhaust containing pollutants through the bypass, and vice versa from an inhibitory position to allow the passage of exhaust containing pollutants through the bypass. In the event that the resistance of the mattress structure to the exhaust gas flow becomes too great, the exhaust gases may be routed in the exhaust scrubber at least substantially (i.e., substantially or completely) past the mattress structure through the bypass to maintain engine operation. Clogging of the mattress structure and keeping the passage open to the exhaust flow streams is an exceptional situation for the ship, so normally the exhaust scrubber operates to purify the exhaust gases when the bypass is closed. The exhaust scrubber may, if desired, be operated so that the exhaust gases are passed uncontaminated past the mattress structure.

Preferred embodiments of the exhaust scrubber of the invention are set forth in the dependent claims.

It is also an object of the invention to provide a ship whose engine can be kept in normal operation even if the mattress structure of the exhaust scrubber was based on impurities.

The ship according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises an exhaust scrubber according to the above. Preferred embodiments of the ship are set forth in the dependent claims. Preferably, the ship comprises a purifying unit for purifying the purifiable wash water exiting the exhaust scrubber, the purification unit preferably comprising a dirt water circuit and at least one membrane filter for purifying the wastewater.

The exhaust scrubber of the invention and the ship enable and secure the normal operation of the combustion engine in the event that the mattress structure of the exhaust scrubber is of such high resistance that it impairs the operation and operation of the combustion engine. The invention enables a marine engine to be operated so that its exhaust gases can leave the vessel without being cleaned, i.e. "dry operation" of the exhaust scrubber, thereby making the vessel's operation as advantageous as possible in areas where exhaust gas cleaning is not required. Depending on the geographical location of the ship, the exhaust gases can be cleaned and not cleaned during the same voyage. An essential advantage of the scrubber according to the invention is that the passageway does not in practice increase the size of the scrubber, which facilitates the installation of the scrubber on the ship and provides the possibility of retrofitting the scrubber to the ship.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a vessel according to the invention having an exhaust scrubber according to the invention; Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of an exhaust scrubber according to the invention; another embodiment, Fig. 5 is a view taken along line V-V of Fig. 4, Fig. 6 shows a third embodiment of an exhaust scrubber according to the invention, Fig. 7 is a view taken along section VII-VII of Fig. 6, Figures 8a and 8b and Fig. 9 is a view taken along the line IX-IX in Fig. 8b.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In Figure 1, reference numeral 100 is an illustrated ship. The ship's internal combustion engine, which is typically a diesel engine, is designated by reference numeral 30. The catalyst attached to the internal combustion engine 30 is designated by reference numeral 31, and by reference numeral 32 indicates an exhaust gas boiler. Catalyst 31 reduces nitrogen oxide emissions. Catalyst 31 preferably uses urea to reduce nitrous oxide emissions. The structure or operation of the catalyst 31 is not described herein, as they are known to those skilled in the art and the catalyst is not specifically targeted by the invention. The exhaust gases are cooled in the exhaust gas boiler 32. While the exhaust gas boiler 32 cools the exhaust gases, heat energy is recovered from the exhaust gases for the different heating needs of the ship. The operation of the exhaust gas boiler 32 is known to a person skilled in the art, so that neither the construction nor the operation of the exhaust gas boiler is described.

In the arrangement of Figure 1, the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine 30 of the ship 100 are directed at position 34 into the scrubber 1. The measuring device 35 can determine the carbon dioxide (CCV) content of the exhaust gases by volume before the exhaust gases are fed to the exhaust scrubber 1. The exhaust gas 32 allows the exhaust gases to cool to the exhaust gas scrubber 1 for less volume and exhaust Reference numeral 2 denotes an inlet passage for introducing exhaust gases containing impurities into the scrubber 1. Exhaust scrubber 1 is sprayed with scrubbing water, which is directed into the scrubber from point 38 and possibly also through line 37 at point 39. Preferably, the scrubbing water is alkaline, but water of less than 7 may also be used. The wash water is made basic by mixing with, for example, NaOH. The number and location of the wash water supply points 38, 39 may vary. (Figures 2, 4, 6 and 8a show, in addition to the wash water supply points 38, 39, 38 ', 39', 38 ", 39", 38 '", 39'" the associated wash water supply means 5, 5 ', 5 ", 5 '' Inside the scrubber 1, 1 ', 1', 1 ''.) The purified exhaust leaves the scrubber 1 at step 4. (Figures 2, 4, 6, 8a, 8b arrow B, B ', B', B '' illustrate the exhaust The measuring device 36 determines the sulfur dioxide (SO 2 content) of the exhaust gases leaving the scrubber 1. For cleaning of the exhaust gases, the ratio SO2 / CO2 shall be measured, whereby SO2 is the sulfur dioxide content by volume in the flue gas after flue gas cleaning and CO2 is the carbon dioxide content by volume before the flue gas cleaning. The operation of the scrubber 1 is controlled by adjusting the amount of water delivered to the scrubber so that the SO2 / CO2 ratio falls below a certain required value, less than 25 ppm SO2 / CO2% (v / v) (expressed as SO2 (ppm) / CO2 (% v / v)), preferably less than 10 ppm SO2 / CO2% (v / v), and most preferably less than 4.3 ppm SO2 / CO2% (v / v).

The exhaust gases are washed in the exhaust scrubber 1 by feeding the exhaust gases through a mattress structure 3 containing a filler material, whereby the exhaust gases move from space 8 below the mattress structure to space 9 above the mattress structure 9. Thus, the feed water supply direction is opposite to the exhaust gas flow direction. The wash water supply direction need not be opposite to the exhaust flow direction, although this is recommended. However, in order to achieve good and efficient contact between the exhaust and the wash water, the feed direction must be different from the exhaust flow direction. It is clear that the exhaust gases in the space 8 do not flow upright at all points in the space (for example, the exhaust gases are introduced into the exhaust scrubber from the side). However, the main flow direction is from bottom to top (illustrated by arrows A, A ', A ", A" in Figures 2, 4, 6 and 8a). The washing water may typically be alkaline. The amount of wash water to the exhaust scrubber is in the order of 100-1000 m3 / h, depending mainly on the engine power of the ship. The filling material of the mattress structure 3 is preferably metal or other bulk material with a large surface area in relation to their volume. The metal pieces (or other fillings) are, for example, small tube shoe pieces or small saddle-shaped parts obtained by breaking the tube. The pads may also be, for example, spiral shaped pieces. When the fillers are metal pieces, they are preferably made of stainless steel or so-called acid-proof steel. Various fillers are commercially available commercially to provide a mattress structure. The filler pieces must withstand corrosion. When the exhaust gases collide with the scrubbing water in the mattress structure, a large amount of the impurities in the exhaust gases will trap in the scrubbing water and the exhaust gases will be removed from the top of the exhaust scrubber when cleaned. During washing, both solid and dissolved impurities are collected in the wash water. The contaminated washing water, i.e. the dirty water, drops due to gravity to the lower part of the exhaust scrubber 1, from where it is discharged through the exhaust pipe 13 to the cleaning unit 101 for purification. As the scrubbing of exhaust gases in the scrubber is known, the operation of the scrubbing is not described further here.

The waste water outlet 13 leads to a line 40 with a pump 41 for transferring the waste water at the bottom of the exhaust scrubber through the heat exchanger 42 to the waste water purification unit 101. If necessary, water is supplied to line 40. Point 43 indicates the water supply point. The water may be fresh water, salt water or purified water in the purification unit 101. Reference numeral 48 indicates a line for feeding water to the scrubber 1. In the purification unit 101, purified water is discharged through line 46. Purified water can be led to the sea or back to the scrubber 1 via line 44. The pump 45, if necessary, increases the water pressure in line 44. Reference numeral 47 indicates the point at which the medium containing a high amount of impurities is removed. The medium can be collected in an intermediate storage container (not shown).

The cleaning unit 101 preferably comprises a dirty water circuit comprising at least one membrane filter. The wastewater is recycled in the wastewater circuit by filtering the wastewater through the semipermeable membrane of the membrane filter to provide, on the one hand, purified wastewater and, on the other hand, a residue containing impurities. The purified dirt water exits the membrane filter and dirt-water circuit and the residue is circulated to the dirty water circuit, concentrating from the dirty-water circuit. Ensure that the pH of the purified effluent leaving the purification unit is at least 6.5. The concentrated dirt is typically removed from time to time through step 47 from the purification unit 101.

In Fig. 1, reference numeral 6 indicates a passageway arranged within the exhaust scrubber 1 for the exhaust gases. The flow of normally untreated exhaust gases in the by-pass is blocked or blocked. Bypass 6 is, in certain exceptional cases, provided for the flow of crude exhaust gas. The purpose of the bypass 6 is to allow the exhaust gases to pass past the mattress structure 3 in the event that the pollutant structure has accumulated over time such that the exhaust gas flow is insufficient for the desired operation of the marine engine. Reference numeral 54 denotes a measuring device for determining the pressure difference between states 8 and 9. The measuring device 54 may be such that it measures the pressure difference between spaces 8 and 9 (i.e., in a sense, it measures the pressure difference between the exhaust gases in spaces 8 and 9). If the mattress structure 3 has accumulated so much impurities that the exhaust gases cannot flow undesirably through the mattress structure. , the measuring device 54 detects that the pressure difference of the space 9 is low compared to the pressure of the space 8 and gives a signal via the signaling device 55 that the bypass 6 must be opened. For example, the signal may be an audible signal which the person responsible for operating the scrubber 1 understands that the bypass 6 must be opened. The signal may also be such that, via actuators, it is automatically adapted (without manpower) to open the bypass 6. Measuring device 54 provides a signal for opening the blocking devices (10, 10 ', 10 ", 10"') shown in Figures 2, 4, 6 and 8b when a certain pressure difference has been exceeded. Although the exhaust gases may be slightly purified as they pass through the bypass 6 past the mattress structure 3 due to the spray water being sprayed onto the exhaust gases, the exhaust gases are practically untreated through the bypass. Figures 2 to 8b show various embodiments of the mattress structure and the bypass.

Figure 2 illustrates in more detail one embodiment of the exhaust scrubber 1 of Figure 1. In the embodiment of Fig. 2, the washing water is supplied to the mattress structure 3 from a plurality of nozzles 49 of the washing water supply devices 5, the number of nozzles 49 may vary. The direction of the exhaust gas flow in the exhaust scrubber 1 is from bottom to top from space 8 to space 9, illustrated by arrow A. The arrow C illustrates the supply of untreated exhaust gas to the exhaust scrubber 1. Figure 2 shows that the mattress structure 3 rests on the support rail 1. The support rail 14, in turn, is supported by a support 50 in the exhaust scrubber 1 formed by an annular shoulder or by a plurality of projections formed on the inner surface of the exhaust scrubber. The mattress-like structure 3 is supported at the bottom so that the filling material cannot fall through the support grid 14. For this purpose, the mattress structure 3 in the bottom supporting grid 14 and / or in the other filling material in the bottom supporting structure above the supporting grid must have perforations in which the size of the holes / apertures has been chosen smaller than the size of the filling material. The diameter of the holes or openings is, for example, 2-20 mm, whereby the size of the filler material is larger than this.

Inside the mattress structure 3 is a tubular bypass 6 which allows the exhaust gas to flow past the mattress structure 3 when the exhaust gases are allowed to flow through the bypass 6. The tubular bypass 6 is defined by the tubular structure 51 which is surrounded by the mattress structure 3. The mattress structure 3 surrounds the tubular structure 51 annularly. The size of the passageway 6 greatly depends on the power of the ship's engine. A typical diameter range is 500 to 1200 mm. The bypass 6 is associated with a blocking device 10 including a blocking damper 10a shown in Fig. 2 in a blocking position, thereby preventing the exhaust gases from flowing in the passageway 6. The blocking damper 10a is adjustable to the open position shown in Fig. 2 by a dashed line. To obtain the damper 10a from the stop position to the open position, and vice versa, the damper is hinged to the support rail 14. The hinge 10b is located at the periphery of the tubular structure 51 so that the hinge axis is tangential to the periphery of the tubular structure 10a. Alternatively, the damper 10a may be attached to the tubular structure 51 instead of the support grid 14. The blocking devices 10 also include an opening mechanism including an actuator 10c (e.g., a puller) associated with, for example, a manually elongated member 10d, such as a chain, for unlocking the damper 10a to unlock the damper 10a. The implementation of the unlocking mechanism and the locking 10e will not be described in further detail as they are easy to design for one skilled in the art. For example, the locking 10e may be a spring-loaded latch (not shown) that locks into the recess or against the shoulder (not shown). The actuator 10c can preferably be operated manually (by man). Alternatively, the actuator 10c may be automatically controlled by the signal device 55.

At the lower end of the exhaust scrubber 1 is a filter 12 which prevents any fill material which may be detached from the mattress-like structure 3 from being directed to the exhaust pipe 13. In Figure 3, a section along line III-III of Figure 2 is shown from above. Thanks to the filter 12, the discharge pipe 13, and hence the pump 41 (see Figure 1), can be filled with filler material which would easily damage the pump 41. The filter 12 eliminates the need to install a filter in line 40 before the pump 41, cf. a dashed line filter 49 in Figure 1. The filter 12 is preferably plate-like, comprising a plurality of through holes having a diameter in the range, for example, 2-20 mm. Preferably, the filter 12 is horizontal. A filter in the form of a plate can be called a perforated plate. The diameter of the holes may be larger than the said size, for example 30 mm. The diameter of the holes depends on the size of the fillings in the mattress-like structure 3. The diameter of the holes should be smaller than the smallest diameter of the fillers to prevent the fillers from passing through the filter 12.

The filter 12 is mounted in the exhaust scrubber 1 at a height above the surface 52 of the dirt water 53 accumulating in the bottom of the scrubber and below the exhaust gas inlet 2. Filter 12 prevents dirty water from entering the inlet channel 2 as the ship swings and tilts in a storm. As the ship swings, the dirt under the filter 12 collides with the lower surface of the filter and water is only transported in the form of jets and / or droplets above the filter 12. Such a small amount of water spraying above the filter 12 is practically a disadvantage and there is no risk that it will interfere with the operation of the ship engine. From the foregoing, it is understood that it is desirable that the diameter of the holes be small enough to effectively prevent water from entering the vessel's engine. With exhaust gas scrubber 1 and filter 12 having a diameter of about 1500 to 4000 mm, the number of holes in the filter is several hundred, even thousands. The shape of the holes can vary; instead of round holes, the holes may be in the form of long slots, whereby their number may be relatively small.

In normal operation, the exhaust scrubber 1 of Figure 2 serves as an exhaust scrubber where the exhaust gases are purified as they pass through the mattress structure 3. In this case, the damper 10 and the damper 10a are closed, as shown in Figure 2, so that the exhaust gases cannot flow through the bypass 6. The damper 10a is closed so that no exhaust gas can flow through it at least to a significant extent. If the mattress structure 3 becomes clogged to such an extent that the operation of the ship engine is disturbed, the actuator 10c pulls an elongate member 10d (e.g., a chain), whereby the locking 10e is released and the damper 10a is brought to the open position illustrated. When the damper 10a is in the open position, the damper 10 is in the open position, allowing impurities containing impurities to flow from the first space 8 of the exhaust scrubber 1 through the bypass 6 into the second space 9 of the scrubber, whereby the exhaust gases are routed past the mattress structure 3. The arrow A generally illustrates the exhaust gas flow. Although the arrow A points toward the bypass 6, the exhaust gases do not flow in the bypass when the damper 10a is closed, i.e. in the position shown in Figure 2. When the blocking plate 10a is opened, exhaust gases can flow by-pass in the direction of arrow A 6. Even if washing water is sprayed on the exhaust gases, they will not be cleaned much by the passageway 6 as they flow through the passageway 6. The passageway 6 will not interfere with the operation of the ship's engine, which is essential for the passageway. Bypass 6 is kept open until the mattress structure 3 has been cleaned or replaced and has sufficient exhaust gas permeability for proper engine operation. While the mattress structure 3 is obtained as desired by permeability to the exhaust gases by maintenance or replacement of the mattress structure (for example, while the ship is in port), the damper 10a enters the blocking position shown in Figure 2, after which the exhaust scrubber may operate again as desired.

Fig. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of Fig. 2 for the exhaust scrubber and more specifically for its blocking device. In Fig. 4 the same reference numerals as in Fig. 2 are used for corresponding structures and parts. The exhaust scrubber of Fig. 4 differs from the exhaust scrubber of Fig. 2 in that the damper 10 'comprises a damper 10a' which is hinged so that the hinge axis of the hinge 10b 'coincides with the largest diameter of the damper 10a'. In Figure 4, the damper 10a 'is in the stop position. The dashed line indicates the open position of the damper 10a '.

Figure 5 is a sectional view taken along line V-V of Figure 4.

Fig. 6, which uses like reference numerals as in Figs. 2 and 4 for corresponding structures and parts, shows an embodiment of the invention different from the embodiment of Fig. 2 in that it comprises a blocking device 10 "comprising a blocking dam 10a" with through holes 31 ". The embodiment differs from the embodiments of Figures 2 and 4 in that the tubular structure 51 'above the damper 10a "is loaded with filler material. The tubular structure 51 "defines a tubular purification space 30" in which the exhaust gases can be cleaned as they move from the "first space 8" of exhaust scrubber 1 upstream of the mattress structure 3 "to the second exhaust space 9" located downstream of the mattress viewed from here. The openings in the damper 10a "are dimensioned to prevent filling material inside the tubular structure 51" from passing through the openings. The apertures are, for example, holes of preferably the same or about the same diameter as the holes in the 3 "bottom support (14" or other structure) supporting the mattress structure. In the embodiment of Figure 6, the blocking device 10 "allows the exhaust gas to flow through the bypass 6" even though the blocking device 10 "is in the blocking position. If so much contamination accumulates in both the mattress structure 3 "and the cleaning chamber 30" that the desired operation of the engine is prevented, the damper 10a "is opened, allowing the filling material in the cleaning space 30" to fall onto the below filter 12 ". In this case, the exhaust gases can, in practice, flow freely past the 6 "bypass path defined by the tubular structure 51" (the clogged) mattress structure 3 "and the ship engine can operate unhindered.

Figure 7 is a sectional view taken along line VII-VIII of Figure 6.

An advantage of the embodiment of Figure 6 over the embodiment of Figure 2 is that the scrubbing performance of the exhaust scrubber relative to its outer dimensions is improved when both the mattress structure 3 "and the cleaning space 30" serve as exhaust gas cleaning structures. Alternatively, in the embodiment of Figure 6, the barrier device could comprise a barrier damper with apertures, the hinging of which is, for example, that of Figure 4. The embodiment of Figure 6 is particularly preferred when there is only limited space on the ship for the exhaust scrubber.

Figures 8a and 8b and 9 show yet another exhaust scrubber according to the invention in different operating positions. In the figures, like reference numerals are used as in figures 2, 4 and 6 for corresponding structures and parts. In the exhaust scrubber 1 'of Fig. 8a, the' blocking device 10 '' comprises, like the embodiment of Fig. 6, a cleaning space 30 '' filled with filler material. The purification space 30 '"consists of a container having walls or at least one wall provided with openings 31" to allow exhaust gas to flow through the purification space 30' ". In the embodiment of Figures 8a and 8b, the container is cylindrical, but could alternatively have a rectangular cross-section, or it could have some other cross-section. However, the cylindrical shape is easy to manufacture and recommended. In the operating position of Figure 8a, the upper level UL "'of the batch material in the cleaning space 30" is below the lower level LL "of the mattress structure 3, it being understood that the cleaning space 30" (cylindrical container) forms a part of the blocking device 10' ". In the operating position of Figure 8a, the exhaust scrubber 1 '' is in the normal state with its blocking device 10 '' in a blocking position where the exhaust gases can flow through purge space 30 '' so that they are cleaned as they move from exhaust upstream of the mattress structure 3 '"as viewed in the direction of exhaust gas flow, to another space 9'" of the exhaust scrubber located downstream of the mattress structure viewed from the direction of exhaust gas flow. When the elongated member 10d '' (e.g. a chain) is pulled from the actuator 10c '', the locking 10e '' is unlocked and the blocking device 10 '' and the cleaning space 30 '' are brought to the open position shown in Fig. 8b. Compared to the operating position of Figure 8a, the cleaning space 30 "has moved downwardly in Figure 8b so that the upper level UL '' of the batch material therein is below the lower level LL '' of the mattress structure 3 '. The cleaning space 30 "is associated with stops (not shown) to prevent the cleaning space from falling on the filter 12 '". With the blocking device 10 '' and purge space 30 '' in this open position, the exhaust containing pollutants can flow through passage 6 '' from space 8 to space 9 past mattress structure 3 '' substantially untreated, thereby ensuring safe operation of the marine engine even in mattress structure 3 ' would have accumulated too much impurity.

Figure 9 is a view along the section line IX-IX of Figure 8b.

An advantage of the embodiment of Figs. 8a, 8b over the embodiment of Fig. 6 is that the filling material does not have to be lowered onto the filter 12 '"when the bypass 6'" is to be moved to the open position; moreover, cleaning / exchange of soiled filler material is easier and quicker. As in the embodiment of Fig. 6, also in the embodiment of Figs. 8a and 8b, the scrubbing power (purification power) of the exhaust scrubber relative to its outer dimensions is improved than in the embodiments of Figs. 2 and 4.

The invention has been described above by way of example and it is therefore noted that the invention can be implemented in many ways within the scope of the appended claims. Thus, the location of the bypass in the scrubber may vary, as may the design of the blocking device. Thus, the bypass does not need to be centrally located to the mattress structure. However, the central positioning of the bypass, with the addition of a mattress structure, is highly desirable as it can be easily achieved by manufacturing techniques. It is also conceivable that the bypass would surround the outer periphery of the mattress structure, although such a solution would presumably be difficult to implement in practice.

Claims (14)

1. Scrubber (1, 1 ', 1', 1 '') for cleaning of the combustion engine's exhaust gases, in particular boat engines, from contaminants to which the scrubber connects to a feed duct (2, 2 ', 2', 2 '') to supplying exhaust gases containing contaminants into and through a bed-like structure (3, 3 ', 3', 3 '') containing filler material, which bed-like structure is provided inside the scrubber, which scrubber has feeding devices (5, 5 ', 5', 5 "") To supply wash water in the bed-like structure in the opposite direction to the flow direction of the exhaust gas (A, A, A ", A '") in the bed-like structure to reduce the pollution of the exhaust gases leaving the bed-like structure and the scrubber outlet port (4, 4 ', 4', 4 '') which is cleaned, characterized in that at least one bypass (6, 6 ', 6', 6 '') is provided in the scrubber to pass exhaust gases containing contaminants past the bedlike nth structure (3, 3 ', 3 ", 3"') and further away from the scrubber, which bypass (6, 6 ', 6 ", 6"') is enclosed by the bed-like structure (3, 3 ', 3 " , 3 '') and to which blocking devices (10, 10 ', 10', 10 '') join to position the bypass from an open position to a blocking position to prevent contaminants containing exhaust gases from flowing through the bypass, and vice versa from a blocking position to an open position to allow pollutants containing exhaust gases to flow through the bypass. Scrubber according to claim 1, characterized in that the bypass (6, 6 ', 6 ", 6'") joins the first room (8, 8 ', 8 ") of the scrubber (1, 1', 1 ', 1'") , 8 '") located upstream of the bed-like structure (3, 3', 3", 3 '") seen in the direction of exhaust gas flow (A, A, A", A ") and to which the exhaust gases containing pollutants are fed from the feed duct (2, 2 ', 2 ", 2'"), to a second room (9, 9 ', 9 ", 9'") located downstream of the bed-like structure seen in the direction of exhaust gas flow. Scrubber according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the blocking devices (10, 10 ', 10 ") comprise a blocking damper (10a, 10a', 10a") to which a hinge device (10b, 10b ', 10b ") joins. and an opening mechanism (10c, 10d, 10c ', 10d', 10c ", 10d") to open the blocking damper and bypass (6, 6 ', 6 "). Scrubber according to claim 3, characterized in that the blocking damper (10a, 10a ', 10a ") is pivoted (10b, 10b', 10b") at a support grid (14, 14 ', 14 ") supporting it. the bed-like structure (3, 3 ', 3 "). 5. A scrubber according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the blocking damper (10a, 10a ') has a clogged structure. Scrubber according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the blocking damper (10a ") has openings (31") whereby downstream of the blocking damper seen in the direction of exhaust (A ") of the exhaust gas (6"), filling material has been arranged to form a cleaning space. (30 ") for cleaning exhaust gases, which cleaning space is arranged to be emptied of filling material as the blocking damper (10a") is moved from the blocking position to the open position. A scrubber according to claim 1, characterized in that a filter (12 ") is arranged in the lower part of the scrubber (1, 1 ', 1", 1 ") to prevent filler material from falling into an outlet opening (13, 13'). 13 ", 13" ") in the lower part of the scrubber, which outlet opening is for conducting wash water containing pollutants originating in the exhaust gases, i.e., dirty water, away from the scrubber. 8. A scrubber according to claim 2 or 7, characterized in that the blocking devices (10 '") comprise a cleaning space (30'") loaded with filler material, one or more walls defining the filler material having apertures (31 '"). to allow exhaust gases to move from the first room (8 '") of the scrubber (1" ") to the scrubber's second room (9" ") and the cleaning of the exhaust gases in the cleaning room (30" ") when the cleaning room (30" ") and the bypass (6 '") is in the blocking position, which cleaning space (30'") is provided slidably from the blocking position to the open position to move the bypass (6 '") into the open position. Scrubber according to claim 8, characterized in that the cleaning space (30 '") is a cylindrical cleaning container which surrounds the bed-like structure (3'") and that the cylindrical cleaning container is arranged to be displaced vertically with respect to on the bed-like structure (3 '") between a lower position and an upper position, where, when the cylindrical container is in its lower position, the bypass (6'") is in the open position and is above an upper level (UL) "") Of the filling material in the cylindrical cleaning container and the lower end of the bypass (6 '") are below the lower level (LL"' of the bed-like structure (3 '")) and, when the cylindrical container is in its upper position, bypass (6 '") is in the blocking position, the upper level (UL"') of the filling material in the cylindrical cleaning container being above the bed the lower level of the construction (LL ''). A vessel (100) comprising a scrubber for cleaning a boat engine's exhaust gases from contaminants to which the scrubber joins a feed duct (2, 2 ', 2', 2 '') for feeding pollutants containing exhaust gases into and through a bed-like structure (3, 3 ', 3', 3 '') provided inside the scrubber, which scrubber has feeder means (5, 5 ', 5', 5 '') for feeding wash water in the bed-like structure in the opposite direction to the flow direction of the exhaust gas -ing (A, A, A ", A '") in the bed-like structure to reduce the emissions of the exhaust gases, leaving the exhaust gases with the bed-like structure and the scrubber outlet opening (4, 4', 4 ", 4" ') which was cleaned, characterized in that at least one bypass (6, 6 ', 6', 6 '') is arranged in the scrubber to pass exhaust gases containing contaminants past the bed-like structure (3, 3 ', 3', 3 '') and further away from the scrubber, which bypasses (6, 6 ', 6 ", 6"') is enclosed by the bed-like structure (3, 3 ', 3 ", 3"') and to which blocking devices (10, 10 ', 10 ", 10"') are joined to place the bypass from an open position to a blocking position to prevent contaminants containing exhaust gases from flowing through the bypass, and on the contrary from a blocking position to an open position to allow contaminants containing exhaust gases to flow through the bypass. A ship according to claim 10, characterized in that the bypass (6, 6 ', 6 ", 6'") joins a first room (8, 8 ') of the scrubber (1, 1', 1 ', 1' "). 8 ", 8 '") located upstream of the bed-like structure (3, 3', 3 ', 3' ") seen in the direction of exhaust flow (A, A, A", A ") and to which the exhaust gases containing pollutants are fed from the feed duct (2, 2 ', 2 ", 2'"), to a second room (9, 9 ', 9 ", 9'") located downstream of the bed-like structure seen in the direction of exhaust gas flow. Vessel according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises a measuring device (54, 54 ', 54', 54 '') arranged to measure a pressure difference between the rooms (8 and 9, 8 'and 9', 8 " and 9 ", 8 '" and 9' ") to open the bypass (6, 6 ', 6", 6' ") blocking devices (10, 10 ', 10", 10' ") when a certain pressure difference has been exceeded. Vessel according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the blocking devices (10, 10 ', 10 ") comprise a blocking damper (10a, 10a', 10a") to which a hinge device (10b, 10b ', 10b ") and an opening mechanism (10c, 10d, 10c ', 10d', 10c ", 10d") to open the bypass (6, 6 ', 6 "). Vessel according to Claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the blocking devices (10 "') comprise a filler space loaded with filler material (31"') whose one or more walls defining the filler material are provided with openings (31 '') for allow exhaust gases to move from the first room (8 '") of the scrubber (1" ") to the scrubber's second room (9" ") and the cleaning of the exhaust gases in the cleaning room (30" ") when the cleaning room (30" ") and the bypass (6 '") Is in the blocking position, which cleaning space (30'") is provided slidably from the blocking position to the open position to move the bypass (6 '") into the open position.