FI116092B - combustion device - Google Patents

Description

116092

BURNING DEVICE

The present invention relates to a combustion device, in particular for burning solid fuel in a boiler comprising a combustion head and a body, and having a mounting means for securing the body to the boiler 5, and a fuel supply channel and a fuel supply line for fuel and fuel.

At present, there are various burners installed at the mouth of a boiler which, for example, can burn various solid biofuels, such as pellets, peat or wood chips, in an oil-fired boiler. Typically, 10 such combustion devices are installed in the boiler orifice so that the combustion head of the combustion device enters the boiler, whereupon the flame burned at the combustion head is combusted in the combustion chamber of the boiler in an appropriate manner.

When using the solid fuels mentioned above, various combustion products such as ash, ash and soot are always left in the combustion end of the combustion unit. This will negatively affect the operation and efficiency of the burner if the burner is not cleaned and serviced frequently. Known combustion devices of the present invention are mounted by attaching them directly to the opening of the boiler by means of a suitable flange or similar fastening structure. Due to this type of attachment, the maintenance, repair and cleaning of existing combustion plants is generally slow and cumbersome 20 since the combustion plant must always be disconnected from the boiler during these operations. In addition, with the currently known solid fuel burners, it is generally impossible to burn the original fuel in a boiler after the burner has been installed due to changes in the boiler.

It is an object of the invention to provide a combustion device for removing the above mentioned drawbacks. In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide an incinerator which makes cleaning and maintenance of the burner head easier and faster. It is a further object of the invention to provide a combustion device which, when operated, returns to the fuel originally used in the boiler. ·. is possible with relatively small steps.

The object of the invention is achieved by a combustion device, characterized by the following: • claims.

The burner according to the invention is characterized in that the burner head is pivotally attached to the body. In this case, the burner can be fixed to the boiler in the same manner as the mouthpiece with respect to the vertical axis, so that the burner head can be turned aside (at the mouth of the boiler) as the burner is turned more open. This allows the burner to be completely discharged from inside the boiler without removing the burner from the boiler. This greatly simplifies and speeds up the cleaning and maintenance of the burner head, since the burner does not always have to be disconnected from the boiler during cleaning and maintenance, but operations can be performed with the burner turned out of the boiler.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the burner head is removably attached to the body. This further facilitates the maintenance and cleaning of the burner head, as this merchandise burner can be removed for maintenance purposes, for example, without removing the other parts of the burner from the boiler. In addition, when the burner head is removed, the boiler can burn the previously used fuel without having to re-install the mouthpiece and other associated parts such as the previous burner. For example, when burning flaps in a wood-fired heating pan 15, only the burner head is removed, leaving the rest of the burner in place. The trapped portion of the boiler may be used for blowing secondary air, which is generally deficiently provided in such boilers. In addition, blowing the secondary air cools the burner.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the combustion device includes a detachably secured portion of the body portion 20 to which the combustion head is secured, and a connection portion connected to the attachment portion for guiding the combustion air to the combustion head and the combustion head; and works in an appropriate "· manner. In addition, the combustion air supply channel 25 disposed within the fitting portion allows the combustion air to be led to the combustion head in a suitable area without separate combustion air channels from the body to the combustion head. Furthermore, the combustion air duct located inside the coupling member cools the structures of the coupling member, whereby it *; · · * Prevents overheating of the connector and the resulting problems.

'; · In a third preferred embodiment of the invention there is a connection opening h '· 30 between the coupling part and the burner head for connecting the coupling part to the burner head. In this way, the combustion air duct at ·: · 'is connected to the combustion head so that the combustion air'. regardless of the position of the firing head. This makes it possible to burn. . insertion of the cup inside the boiler in an oblique position with the door open, which makes it possible to mount such a burner on boilers with different size combustion chambers. In addition, by varying the size of such a burner head according to boiler power and combustion dimensioning, a single burner can cover a wide power range without the need for a separate burner for each power range. This reduces the cost of manufacturing the burner and thus makes the burner very competitive at purchase price.

In a fourth preferred embodiment of the invention, the firing head comprises a grate portion and a protective dome placed above the grate portion, between which there is a combustion chamber. In this way, a grate section separate from the combustion chamber of the boiler and a combustion chamber are obtained at the combustion end of the combustion apparatus, which, depending on the combustion characteristics of the fuel used, provides the most favorable combustion air circulation. Thus, with such a combustion head 10, the combustion of the fuel is effected in a very stable and efficient manner. In addition, the ceramic or cast iron protective hood placed above the grate section ensures extremely high combustion temperatures (750-950 ° C) and stability, allowing all combustion products in the combustion chamber to burn as completely as possible.

In a fifth preferred embodiment of the invention, the protective dome is removably and / or hingedly attached to the grate portion. Thanks to the protective hood attached in this way, cleaning and maintenance of the grate and fireplace can be done without removing and dismantling the firing head with the firing head turned out of the boiler. This significantly speeds up and facilitates the regular maintenance and cleaning of the burner.

.,! In a sixth preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one hole extending into the combustion chamber or the like is introduced into the combustion air supply duct to supply the combustion air to the upper part of the combustion chamber. Oxygen depletion at the top of the fire causes incomplete combustion •: · ·. Supply air (secondary air) to the top of the burner through the holes: "1.25 provides additional oxygen to the top of the burner, which burns out all combustion products there, thus incomplete combustion does not occur. In addition, ..., secondary air blast into the combustion chamber the resulting blowing stream produces a small vacuum at the rear of the fireplace, which results in the non-combustible gases trapped back into the hot areas of the fireplace where they burn efficiently and completely: Second, the air blown in the firebox cools and cleans the fireplace portions located near the head of the combustion air supply duct, which allows such a combustion device to place the flame guard at a very convenient location in the rear of the flame for visibility of the flame.

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In a seventh preferred embodiment of the invention, the attachment device is fixedly adjustable to the body, whereby the position of the combustion device relative to the boiler can be varied. In this way, the combustion head is always placed at the most favorable position for heat transfer to the inside of the boiler. In addition, this makes it possible to install such a combustor in a large number of boilers with different combustion rooms of different sizes.

In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a combustion device according to the invention, Figure 2 illustrates a combustion end of a combustion device according to Figure 1; Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view BB of the burner shown in Fig. 1;

The burner according to Figures 1-4 comprises a body part 2 and a pivotally mounted burner head 1. In addition, the burner comprises a control system known per se (not shown in Figures 1 and 2) for controlling the heating power of the burner and controlling other functions necessary for operating the burner. The body 2 includes a mounting device 3, a fuel supply duct 4, a fuel air supply duct 5, 20 a fuel supply means 19, a shut-off hatch 13 and a rear fire prevention device 22, and a combustion air blower 23 connected to the fuel air supply duct. a grate portion 9 having a grate 10 and a protective cover 12 removably attached thereto; Furthermore, in this embodiment, the firing head includes pivoting rear part 8 of grate portion: a secured coupling part 7 and a securing part 6.

In this embodiment, the body portion 2 is formed of a structure formed of nested tubes. The outer tube is a fuel air supply conduit 5 and the inner tube is a fuel supply conduit 4 attached to the fuel air supply conduit 5, as shown in Figure 1, connected through openings 27 and 28 to a connection portion 7. The fuel air supply conduit front is: · A shut-off flange 30 extending to the outer edge of the duct 4 and formed with secondary air holes 17, the position of which is shown in Figure 3. These allow a portion of the combustion air (so-called secondary air) entering the combustion air supply channel. _. to the combustion chamber 11. The fuel supply duct 4 is formed by a horizontal duct <· * '' portion 20 and a vertical duct portion 21 fixed perpendicular thereto, which extends to the backside of the fuel air supply duct 5. Inside the horizontal duct portion 20 of the fuel supply duct 4, a fuel conveyor 116092 5 is disposed therein. In this case, it is a screw conveyor known per se in its operating principle and construction to move the fuel pieces 15 fed to the horizontal duct portion 20 through its closure 11.

The burner is attached to the boiler orifice in place of the original orifice 5 or to the orifice (depending on the design of the orifice and hatch) by means of a fastening device 3. 38 for locking the sleeve member 36 to the desired position as shown in Figure 1. The flange portion 36 includes the necessary fastening means for securing it to the boiler in the manner described above. The fastening means are not shown in Figures 1 and 2, but they are implemented depending on the construction of the boiler, so that the attachment of the combustion device does not require any changes to the mouth opening.

In this case, the burner head 1 is formed of a grate portion 9 and a protective cover 12 removably attached thereto, and a connecting portion 7 and a securing portion 6. This allows the grate portion 12 to form a separate combustion space 11 separate from the furnace combustion chamber. The side walls. The grate portion 9 also includes a grate 10 which is attached to a trough space formed inside the grate portion as shown in Figure 1. The grate 10 is formed, in a manner known per se, from two pieces of grate resting on the support structures fixed to the walls of the grate section, into which! ”! includes obliquely forward holes for passing combustion air 16 through grate 10 *; ·; 11. The fastening part 6 and the connecting part 7 are between the grate part 9 and the body part 2 ''; parts. They are intended to fasten the burner head to the body 2 in a pivotable and detachable manner in accordance with the invention.

• I »

In this case, the fastening member 6 is a sleeve-shaped tubular piece cut open so as to tighten the fuel air supply, as shown in Fig. 1, around the combustion air supply channel 5 forming the front part of the body. screws (not shown) for adjusting the diameter of the sleeve-like fastening portion 6 to tighten it around the combustion air supply duct 5; .

In this case, the coupling part 7 is a tubular body fixedly fixed to the attachment part 6, which pivotally attaches the burner head 1 to the body part 2 and acts as a fuel air supply conduit therebetween. Therefore, the connecting part 7 is connected to the fuel supply channel 5 through the openings 27 and 28 of the inner diameter and the inner diameter of the connecting part 7 at the same locations in the mounting part 6 and the fuel channel 5. In addition, there is an oval opening 31 formed at the center of the connecting part 7, on the burner side, which in this case acts as a connecting opening 5 between the connecting part 7 and the grate part 9. For pivotally securing the connecting portion 7 and the rear portion 8 of the grate portion, a cylindrical bearing portion 25 is fastened to the upper surface of the lower wall of the rear portion of the grate portion. screw 24 to provide the joint portion 7 inside the rear grate portion 8 as shown in Figure 1, the upper portion 8 of the grate portion 8 is provided with an opening 29 of outer diameter so that the grate portion 8 (and thus the entire firing head) can pivot around the joint portion 7 . In addition, the sealing point 30 between sealing member 7 and aperture 29 is adequately sealed by a suitable sealing ring 30, due to its tightly pivotable mounting structure, which maintains connection between connecting member 7 and grate 9 (through connecting port 31) between burner head 1 and body 2. regardless of position.

The orifice 14 of the fuel supply conduit 4 includes a shut-off hatch 20 13 known per se, which is intended to prevent the fire from spreading to the fuel supply conduit 4. It is pivotally mounted on its upper part in front of the orifice 14. The edges of the orifice 14 are ··· at an angle of approximately 17 ° to the vertical to maintain the closure hatch 13; no, by its force, closed without other shut-off devices. Ensuring adherence. ·. For sex, the hatch is made of a suitably thick and heavy refractory material, such as cast iron or any suitable ceramic material. In addition, it is shaped such that, with the burner in a horizontal position as shown in Figure 1, the center of gravity of the shutter is as far forward as possible in front of a straight line drawn down from its bearing point. A special opening mechanism is mounted on the body to open the closing door 13. It includes a burner ...: an actuator 33 located at the rear of the 30-inch feed duct 5. at the top of the shutter. : fixed lever 35 and proximity to the shutter door to actuator 33 ...,: pipe 32 extending inside the movable end of actuator 33 or Jeri 34. As shown in Figure 1, pipe 32 is on the inside of the combustion air supply duct 5, the flowing combustion air 16 cools the pipe 32 and:. The wire 34 is also cooled by the combustion air as actuator 33 in this case, which is attached to the rear of the combustion air supply duct 5.

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When the shutter is opened, the solenoid 33 is energized by a rearward movement of its movable end. Movement of the solenoid moving end pulls the wire 34 which opens the shutter door 13. The control of the shutter door 13 is arranged such that the shutter door opens each time the feeder 19 in the fuel supply channel 4 is moved. As soon as the supply device 19 is stopped, the solenoid electrical current is cut off and the shut-off door 13 is rotated by gravity against the mouth 14. To secure the closing of the shutter door 13, the solenoid can be controlled so that it opens the shutter door in a jerky manner every few seconds before the next fuel supply cycle. To enable opening of the shutter door 13, the opening 42 shown in Fig. 1 is formed in the protective cover 12 10 so that it can be opened to close to the horizontal position so that any free closing movement of the relatively heavy shutter door thereby preventing the fuel pieces from sticking between the orifice and the manhole.

The rear of the combustion device has a vertical channel portion 21 of the fuel supply duct 5. In front of the vertical duct portion 21 of the fuel supply line, there is a combustion air blower 23. It is a fan device of known design and construction, which is connected to the rear of the supply air supply channel 5 as shown in Figure 1. In order to minimize pressure losses and to achieve as uniform airflow as possible, the rear of the combustion air supply duct 5 is shaped as seen from the duct direction 25 as shown in Fig. 4. When using the combustion air blower, the combustion air flows from the outside of the combustion device to the combustion air supply duct 5 and from there through the connecting portion 7 to the grate portion 9 and the combustion chamber 11 in a convenient manner.

The solid fuel burner of Figures 1 and 2 is operated in a manner similar to the solid fuel burner known per se. The burner is. '. 30 then attached to the opening of the boiler so that the burner head 1 is inside the boiler. In addition, the fuel supply passage 4 is connected to a suitable fixed fuel tank containing the fuel * * »! the fuel supply duct 4 to a vertical duct section 21 in front of the rear fire prevention device 22. Initially, a suitable amount of fuel is transferred to the combustion chamber 11 over the grate 10 35. Next, the fuel on the grate is ignited, after which the blowing of the combustion air is started. In this way, a flame providing the desired heating power 116092 8 is burned in the combustion chamber 11. Thereafter, combustion is maintained by supplying fuel to the combustion chamber at appropriate intervals. When the combustion air is blown, it flows to the grate 9 through the combustion air duct connected to the connecting portion 7, from where it passes through the grate 10 to the combustion chamber 11. The combustion air also flows into the combustion chamber 11 via Their location is shown in Figure 3. This secondary air is directed to the top of the firebox, below the shroud, where it mixes with and burns the partially non-flammable gases there, while raising the temperature of the air inside the shroud. When fuel is supplied, the rear fire prevention device 22 releases fuel to the feeder 19 and the shutter door 13 opens, whereupon the fuel is transferred to the grate 10 by the feeder 19. Suitable feeding periods are selected according to the desired burning power. An appropriate amount of combustion air can also be adjusted by adjusting the power of the combustion air fan. In this application, the heating power is controlled automatically by the control system included in the burner.

1-4 When servicing and / or cleaning the burner head 1 of the burner according to Figures 1-4, the burner head is turned out from the inside of the boiler. Smaller cleaning work can be done with the burner head attached to the burner, but for more thorough operations, it is advisable to remove the burner head from body 2. The burner is mounted and removed with the burner turned out of the boiler 20. During removal, the screws included in the clamping device 39 of the fastening part 6 are loosened. The burner head can then be removed by pulling the attachment part 6 towards - ;: · (usually about 90 mm) to release it around the combustion air supply passage 5. When mounting, the combustion head mounting portion 6 is pushed back around the combustion air supply duct 5 so that the openings 27 and 28 are aligned. Then ....: 25 Tighten the clamping screw 39 of the clamping device 39 to lock the burner head ···. I rolled in.

The burner head 1 is most preferably parallel to the body part 2 and is located inside the boiler. Adjusting the burner head to a suitable position inside the boiler takes place e.g.

extending to the outside of the boiler and fixed to the burner head; 30 threaded cables. In many boilers, the orifice is such that the burner! the tip can be rectified through the mouth by means of a suitable hook or similar. Thus, a flange for turning the burner head is mounted on the side of the burner head.

The combustion device according to the invention can be implemented in many respects differently from the embodiment according to Figures 1-4. It is essential for the combustion apparatus 35 according to the invention that the associated combustion head is attached to the other combustion apparatus by means of a pivoting means, thereby achieving the above-mentioned advantages. Preferably, the attachment is also removable in some way so that the burner head can be removed, if necessary, without removing the entire burner from the boiler. In other respects, parts of the combustion apparatus may be structurally and functionally implemented in different embodiments.

The invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments shown, but may vary within the scope of the inventive idea of the claims.

Claims (8)

A combustion device, in particular for combustion of solid fuel (15) in a boiler comprising a combustion head (1) having a grate (10) and a frame member (2), wherein the frame member includes a fastening device (3) for securing the frame member. to the boiler and to the fuel supply duct (4) and the fuel air supply duct (5) for supplying the fuel (15) and the combustion air (16) to the combustion head, characterized in that the combustion head (1) is pivotally mounted on the body (2). A combustion device according to claim 1, characterized in that the combustion head (1) is removably attached to the body (2). A combustion device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the combustion device comprises a detachable attachment part (6) to which the combustion head (1) is detachably attached, and a connecting part (7) connected to the attachment part (6) for combustion air (16). guiding the torch head and pivotally attaching the torch head to the mounting part (6). Combustion device according to claim 3, characterized in that between the coupling part 20 (7) and the combustion head (1) there is a coupling opening (31) for connecting the coupling part to the combustion head. t • t · Combustion device according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the combustion head (1) comprises a protective dome (12) for forming a fire chamber (11). · · 25 (9) and protective cover (12). Burner according to Claim 5, characterized in that the protective: * * ': dome (12) is removably and / or hingedly attached to the grate (9). : 30 Combustion device according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the combustion air supply duct (5) comprises at least one hole> · *: * (17) extending into the combustion chamber (11) or the like for supplying combustion air (16) to the upper part of the combustion chamber (11). . S> Combustion device according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that -! . 35, the fastening device (3) is fixed to the body (2) in an adjustable manner, whereby the combustion device i ''; the position of the tea relative to the boiler is adjustable. • · 116092