ES3039482A1 - Biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials with permanent fire resistance, preferably obtained from organic materials of natural origin. - Google Patents

Abstract

Biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials from naturally occurring organic materials, primarily from recycling, to promote the circular economy. The proposed biodegradable compound can be used for the manufacture of slabs, panels, bricks, blocks, containers, trays, household products, packaging, containers, furniture, etc., or for the manufacture of biocement. This proposed compound demonstrates permanent fire stability. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

BIODEGRADABLE COMPOUND USED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF INSULATING AND FIREPROOF MATERIALS WITH PERMANENT FIRE RESISTANCE, PREFERABLY OBTAINED FROM ORGANIC MATERIALS OF NATURAL ORIGIN

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a biodegradable compound used for manufacturing insulating and fire-resistant materials from organic matter of natural origin, primarily from recycled sources, in order to promote a circular economy. The proposed biodegradable compound can be used to manufacture slabs, panels, bricks, blocks, containers, trays, household goods, packaging, furniture, etc., or to manufacture biocement. The proposed compound exhibits permanent fire resistance.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention, as embodied, will be commonly used in the construction field, although it is also applicable in all fields where the use of slabs, panels, bricks, blocks, containers, trays, household goods, packaging, furniture, etc., with high insulating and/or fire-resistant properties is required, or where the use of biocement with the same properties is necessary. It is also applicable in the field of plastic injection molding for the manufacture of biodegradable bioplastics (plastics derived from plant products).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Currently, both cement and brick manufacturing include energy-intensive processes for raw material extraction, transportation, and fuel sources for heating kilns.

Cement is the source of approximately 8% of the world's carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. If the cement industry were a country, it would be the third largest emitter in the world, behind China and the US. It emits more CO2 into the atmosphere than aviation fuel (2.5%) and is not far behind the global agricultural sector (12%).

Due to growing public health concerns, international measures have been taken for its regulation and elimination.

The present invention aims to address the enormous challenge of combating this pressing environmental problem by presenting a biodegradable compound whose final product can be used to manufacture fire-resistant and insulating materials (thermal and acoustic) such as plates, panels, bricks, blocks, containers, trays, household goods, packaging, furniture, and other containers. This is achieved through a specific molding and drying process using renewable energy, enabling its application in any industrial sector. When properly moistened, this compound can also be used as biocement.

This part is unaware of the existence of a biodegradable compound based on organic materials of natural origin with the fireproof and thermal and acoustic insulation properties described in the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Thanks to the solution proposed in this invention, we can minimize or eliminate the indiscriminate and highly polluting burning of surplus materials in certain sectors, as well as reduce the need to manufacture energy-intensive components. Applying the principles of the circular economy, we have identified certain inefficiencies in some production processes. This allows us to recycle certain discarded materials or take advantage of the end-of-life of some components to create a composite made from commonly used materials, preferably recycled. The proposed composite can be considered an insulating and fire-resistant material with permanent fire stability. It avoids the use of petroleum-derived materials and does not require additional insulation, as it provides thermal and acoustic insulation properties.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary cause of one of the most pressing issues we face today: climate change. This invention reduces its emissions into the atmosphere by eliminating the burning of waste materials such as rice straw or rubber from used tires, as well as the traditional production of bricks or biocement. Furthermore, it allows us to find commercial use for the tons of plastic that are flooding our oceans and causing a serious environmental problem.

This material substantially improves thermal and acoustic insulation in buildings, as well as their mechanical and fire resistance. It also reduces CO2 emissions (up to 60% during manufacturing, 50% during construction, and up to 50% of construction waste), and provides economic benefits to building occupants who will see their energy consumption reduced by up to 60%. Additionally, they will also see a reduction in the cost of housing due to savings on traditional insulation, and the usable square meters of living space will increase because the thickness of the boards, panels, bricks, or blocks used in construction can be reduced.

The compound that is the subject of the invention is a biodegradable, healthy and sustainable material.

The material that is the subject of this invention consists of a series of ingredients which, when properly mixed, give the resulting product the insulating and fire-resistant properties described above. The basic ingredients are as follows:

• As the base of the compound, we use crushed lignin, preferably obtained from common natural products and/or recycled materials. Any cereal straw (barley, rye, rice, etc.), sawdust, crushed rice hulls, cattail (Pennisetum setaceum), mud, etc., can be used as a base element of the compound.

• To give greater strength to the compound and due to its structural capacity, we use uncrushed lignin, preferably obtained from common natural products and/or from recycling such as posidonia and/or any type of aquatic plant or algae and/or musa fiber and/or any other fiber of natural origin and/or hemp, and/or carrot, and/or sugar beet etc.

• To bind the material, we use cereal bagasse and/or starch, the latter preferably obtained from various common natural products and/or recycled materials such as wheat and/or corn flour and/or potatoes, etc. Potatoes, in addition to being one of the most concentrated sources of resistant starch, give the material a better texture and do not cause inflammation. As for the bagasse, it also provides calcium, silica, magnesium, and phosphorus.

• To give the compound its sticky structure, we use dextrin, preferably obtained from common natural products and/or from recycling such as tapioca starch, rice or potatoes.

• To give the compound permanent fire-retardant properties when it reacts with other ingredients, we add magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), preferably obtaining them from commonly used natural products and/or recycled materials such as soy lecithin and/or soybeans and/or rice or wheat bran and/or nuts and/or potatoes and/or hemp seeds and/or bananas and/or any fruit produced by the Musaceae family, etc. In this last case, we mainly use ripe bananas that are commercially unusable to take advantage of the discarded fruit and reintroduce it into the economic cycle (circular economy).

• To give the material insulating properties, and to improve its resistance and fireproof capacity, we use silica, preferably obtaining it from common natural products and/or from recycling such as combustion ash from any type of biomass and/or rice husk, etc.

• As an antimicrobial and as an activator of different chemical reactions with the rest of the elements of the compound, glacial acetic acid is used, which we can obtain if necessary from different commonly used products such as vinegar.

• To lower the pH of the composition medium due to its acidic chemical components, we use water.

• To improve mechanical performance, due to its anti-corrosion behavior, to decrease its thermal conductivity, as well as its antibacterial power, we use graphene.

• To give rigidity and resistance to the compound we use calcium carbonate, preferably obtaining it from common natural products and/or from recycling such as eggshells.

• To give the compound greater strength and firmness, we use protein fibers such as collagen and/or hyaluronic acid, preferably obtaining them from common natural products and/or from recycling such as the inner membrane of the eggshell.

• To give the compound self-repairing capacity, we use enzymes of plant and/or microbial origin.

• To improve mechanical properties (strength and rigidity), to promote the agglomeration and precipitation of different elements of the compound, and as an antifungal agent, we use chitin and/or chitosan, preferably obtained from common natural products and/or from recycling, such as the shells of all types of crustaceans, insects, algae, etc.

• To provide natural composite properties, we add plant cuticle, preferably obtained from commonly used natural products and/or recycled materials such as fruits and vegetables. This cuticle is composed of cutin, a polyester that acts as a framework and support for the other components; polysaccharides in the form of fibers, mainly cellulose, which provides rigidity to the system; waxes, which are highly hydrophobic molecules; and phenolic compounds, which have antioxidant properties.

• To improve its acoustic properties, we will add cork obtained preferably from recycling.

• Depending on the circumstances, gypsum and/or lime or cement mortar may be added to the biodegradable compound used as biocement.

Proportions of the biodegradable compound for the manufacture of biocement or slabs, panels, bricks, blocks, containers, trays, household goods, packaging, furniture, containers, etc., with fire-resistant, insulating and acoustic properties, whose base compound is made up of:

• Crushed lignin, preferably obtained from commonly used natural products and/or recycled materials such as any cereal straw (barley, rye, rice, etc.), and/or sawdust, and/or crushed rice hulls, and/or cattail (Pennisetum setaceum), and/or mud, etc., in a percentage of 38% to 45%. • Uncrushed lignin, preferably obtained from commonly used natural products and/or recycled materials such as Posidonia seagrass and/or any type of aquatic plant or algae, and/or musa fiber, and/or any other fiber of natural origin, and/or hemp fiber, and/or carrot, and/or sugar beet, etc., in a percentage of 11% to 14%.

• Cereal bagasse and/or starch, preferably obtained from common natural products and/or from recycling such as wheat and/or corn flour, and/or potatoes, and/or brewer's spent grain, etc., in a percentage of 30% to 42.5%.

• Dextrin, preferably obtained from commonly used natural products and/or from recycling such as tapioca or potato starch, in a percentage of 30 to 35%.

• Magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) obtained preferably from common natural products and/or from recycling such as bananas and/or any fruit produced by the Musaceae family and/or soy lecithin and/or soy, and/or rice or wheat bran, and/or nuts and/or potatoes and/or hemp seeds, etc., in a proportion of 5% to 15%.

• Silica (SO2), obtained preferably through commonly used natural products and/or from recycling such as combustion ash from any type of biomass and/or rice husk, etc., in a proportion of 20 to 25%.

• Glacial acetic acid, which we can obtain if necessary from different commonly used products such as vinegar, in a percentage of 10% to 15%.

• Water 30%

• Graphene 0.1%

• Calcium carbonate, preferably obtained from commonly used natural products and/or from recycling such as eggshells in a percentage between 5-10%.

• Protein fibers such as collagen and/or hyaluronic acid, preferably obtained from commonly used natural products and/or recycled materials such as the inner membrane of the eggshell, in a percentage of 5 to 10%. • Enzymes of plant and/or microbial origin in a proportion of 10 to 15%.

• Chitin and/or chitosan obtained preferably from common natural products and/or from recycling such as the shells of crustaceans, insects, algae, etc., in a proportion of 5 to 10%.

• Vegetable cuticle, preferably obtained from common natural products and/or from recycling such as fruits and vegetables, in a percentage of 5% to 10%.

• Cork, up to 12%, depending on the circumstances.

Depending on the circumstances, the following elements may be added cumulatively or alternatively to the base compound:

• Recycled plastic and/or material from shredded vehicles and/or recycled rubber powder 15% maximum.

• For the production of biocement we can use, if circumstances require, gypsum and/or lime or cement mortar in a proportion of 6 to 8%.

All percentages are calculated based on the percentage of crushed lignin.

Technical specifications:

- Density: 190 kg/m3-310 kg/m3.

- Fire stability: Permanent.

- Behavior in water: non-hygroscopic material. Absorption levels are minimal in case of total immersion in water (between 1% and 4%).

- Color: brown.

- Thermal insulation: Thermal conductivity: 0.018 W/m.k. Provides 2.5 times greater insulation than conventional PU, EPS / XPS or rock wool materials with half the thickness.

- Acoustic insulation, measurements taken on 4 cm thick walls gave an internal noise of 62-71 dB given an external noise of 114-117 dB within the frequency spectrum between 500-10,000 Hz.

- Fire safety certification: A1 (Non-combustible) - s1 (Low opacity of the smoke produced) - d0 (Does not produce flaming droplets or particles).

- Mechanical resistance to tension 59 MPa and to bending 86 MPa.

DRAWINGS

The submission of drawings is not necessary.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

- As the base of the compound, we use crushed lignin, preferably obtained from commonly used natural products and/or from recycling. Any cereal straw (barley, rye, rice, etc.), and/or sawdust, and/or crushed rice hulls, and/or cattail (Pennisetum setaceum) and/or mud, have the potential to be used as the base of the compound, since their studied properties are valid for the object of this invention.

Rice straw is one of the most difficult waste products to manage, especially in natural environments with high ecological value, such as the wetlands where rice is grown. Given the high level of pollution generated by its illegal burning, we will prioritize its reuse to reintroduce it into the economic cycle (circular economy).

In the case of the fountain grass, it is the invasive species causing the greatest environmental damage in the Canary Islands, since where it takes hold, plants cease to exist and the animals that feed on them also disappear.

In the case of sludge (sewage sludge), during the drying process, the organic compounds in the sludge (cellulose, lignin, pathogenic microorganisms, fats, etc.) are destroyed, and closed pores are formed in their place, resulting in thermal insulation properties. We also use sludge to reduce the density of the composite material due to its organic matter content. This process generates significant water savings, as sludge has an average moisture content of 70%.

- To give greater strength to the compound and due to its structural capacity, we use uncrushed lignin, preferably obtained from common natural products and/or from recycling such as posidonia and/or any type of aquatic plant or algae and/or musa fiber and/or any other fiber of natural origin and/or hemp, and/or carrot, and/or sugar beet, etc.

Dead seagrass and/or any type of aquatic plant or algae in the same state also provides rigidity to the compound and requires no artificial treatment, as sea salt acts as a preservative and biocide. The algae are fire-retardant and mold-resistant, so there is no need to add chemicals, and they buffer environmental conditions by absorbing and releasing water without losing their insulating properties. Furthermore, the low salt content (0.5%-2%) allows for their use without causing decomposition problems.

Musa fiber (the strongest natural fiber in the world) and/or any other fiber of natural origin, serves to give rigidity to the compound (resistance).

Hemp straw is also used in our compound. Hemp is an annual woody plant of the Cannabaceae family, capable of absorbing up to four times its weight in water per minute. It develops a stalk 1.5 to 3.5 meters tall in just a few months (April to September). Thanks to this rapid growth, hemp produces a significant amount of plant matter, absorbing and storing a considerable quantity of CO2 through photosynthesis. The growth of one ton of straw requires the absorption of approximately 1.7 tons of CO2 and releases (by volume) a similar amount of O2. One hectare of hemp absorbs between 10 and 15 tons of CO2 during the plant's growth until maturity.

Hemp shavings (hemp fibers), being microscopically small tubes or tracheids, help increase air exchange and breathability. By releasing oxygen, they contribute to reducing or eliminating cracks.

We add sugar beetroot and/or carrot to the compound, which significantly improves the mechanical properties of the material.

Incorporating musa fiber and/or any other fiber of natural origin and/or aquatic posidonia and/or any other type of aquatic plant or algae, and/or hemp and/or beetroot and/or carrot into the compound makes it easier to withstand high structural loads.

Using these plant fibers increases the amount of calcium silicate hydrate, the main substance that controls the performance of concrete. Furthermore, it prevents cracking, thus avoiding corrosion and making the materials more durable.

To bind the material and give cohesiveness to the lignin, we use cereal bagasse and/or starch, thus providing sufficient cohesion to form the compound that is the subject of this patent. In compacted form, this compound transforms into a bonded mass, resulting in a more resistant material. We will obtain this substance preferably from commonly used natural products and/or recycled materials such as wheat flour and/or brewer's spent grain. Spent grain is a solid residue remaining after processing germinated and dried cereal grains (malt) for the production of beer or other malt derivatives. It represents approximately 20% of beer production, and its production is somewhat seasonal, with higher yields in the summer. Its use will promote a circular economy.

- To give the compound permanent fire-retardant properties when it reacts with other ingredients, we add magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), preferably obtaining them from commonly used natural products and/or recycled materials such as soy lecithin and/or soybeans and/or rice or wheat bran and/or nuts and/or potatoes and/or hemp seeds and/or bananas and/or any fruit produced by the Musaceae family, etc. In this last case, we mainly use ripe bananas that are commercially unusable to take advantage of the discarded fruit and reintroduce it into the economic cycle (circular economy).

- To give the compound its sticky structure, we use dextrin, preferably obtained from common natural products and/or from recycling such as tapioca or potato starch, and generally obtained by hydrolysis.

- To give the material insulating properties, and to improve its resistance and fireproof capacity, we use silica, preferably obtaining it from common natural products and/or from recycling such as combustion ash from any type of biomass and/or rice husk, etc.

- As an antimicrobial and as an activator of different chemical reactions with the rest of the elements of the compound, glacial acetic acid is used, which we can obtain if necessary from different commonly used products such as vinegar.

- By adding water, we can lower the pH of the composition medium due to its acidic chemical components. These pass into the aqueous medium and interact with the base of the compound and the binder.

- To improve mechanical performance, corrosion resistance, energy efficiency, as well as its antibacterial power, we use graphene.

- To give rigidity and resistance to the compound we use calcium carbonate, preferably obtaining it from common natural products and/or from recycling such as eggshells.

Eggshells provide greater strength or rigidity to the biodegradable compound because they are composed of 94% calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Furthermore, eggshells, due to their characteristics, are not a suitable medium for bacterial growth, partly because of their physical properties (solid structure with low moisture content).

- To give the compound greater strength and firmness, we use protein fibers such as collagen and/or hyaluronic acid, obtaining them preferably from common natural products and/or from recycling such as the inner membrane of the eggshell.

The sludge (inner membrane of the eggshell) serves to protect the egg and in our compound provides great rigidity.

In the patent we mix the coltsfoot and crushed eggshell with starch and obtain a plaster that provides rigidity to the compound.

We take advantage of the lotus root and the shells of used and/or expired eggs and, applying the principles of the circular economy, we give them a new use.

We use enzymes of plant and/or microbial origin because they transform 100% of the carbon into a calcium carbonate substrate. The addition of calcium carbonate improves the compressive strength of the compound and also reduces or eliminates cracking, making the material self-healing.

- To improve mechanical properties (strength and rigidity), to promote the agglomeration and precipitation of different elements of the compound, and as an antifungal agent, we use chitin and/or chitosan, preferably obtained from common natural products and/or recycled materials such as the shells of all types of crustaceans, insects, algae, etc. Large volumes (120,000 tons) of chitin are obtained annually worldwide from shellfish waste (which contains 14-35% chitin associated with proteins), generating a significant environmental problem due to its slow degradation.

Chitosan exists in low concentrations in native chitin and is produced with different degrees of deacetylation.

- To provide natural composite properties, we add plant cuticle, preferably sourced from common natural products and/or recycled materials such as fruits and vegetables. This cuticle is composed of cutin, a polyester that acts as a framework and support for the other components; polysaccharides in the form of fibers, mainly cellulose, which provides rigidity to the system; waxes, which are highly hydrophobic molecules; and phenolic compounds, which have antioxidant properties.

A possible source of plant cuticle can be obtained from the waste of tomatoes generated by industrial tomato production plants.

- To improve its acoustic properties, we will add cork, preferably obtained from recycling. Thanks to this material, we increase noise insulation and absorption because the broken cells on the outer surface of the cork form an ideal surface for absorbing sound waves.

Bioplastics are materials made up primarily of natural or artificial substances called resins, which bind the mixture together. Biodegradable and derived from renewable sources, bioplastics offer a solution to the problem of polluting plastic waste that is overwhelming the planet and contaminating the environment. Plastic is the third most widely used petroleum product in the world, and we consume approximately 400 million tons annually. Almost 70% of this ends up in the environment or landfills, and more than 13 million tons reach the ocean each year, accumulating a total of 381 million tons on the ocean floor. Plastic comes from a non-renewable source (petroleum), is polluting, and is not biodegradable (it can take more than 1,000 years to decompose).

To manufacture a 40x20x20 cm block of exterior enclosure we would need 22 2-liter plastic bottles and a single-family home of 70 m2 would need 1269 blocks of 40x20x20 material, with a total of 27918 recycled bottles to build the entire exterior enclosure of the house.

Conclusion: By manufacturing the exterior enclosure of a house with biodegradable plastics, we avoid the use of more than 1.5 tons of oil and save the equivalent of the energy consumption of that house for 5 years.

We can also add or replace the plastic with material from shredded vehicles. Article 3, section e) of Royal Decree 1383/2002 regulates the management of end-of-life vehicles. According to this article, once the user has decided to dispose of their vehicle, they are responsible for delivering it to an authorized treatment center, the equivalent of the colorful waste containers where we leave our cars. With this project, we will give these shredded vehicles a new purpose.

- In this patent, we will mix the compound based on claim 1 with 5% recycled rubber powder. The result is roads with less cracking and a longer lifespan for this effect. The use of tire powder, a material with a high carbon black content, reduces oxidation and aging of the mixtures, thus preserving their original characteristics for longer. Longer road lifespan and reduced maintenance throughout their service life translate into significant cost savings.

On the other hand, in construction we manage to absorb noise and vibrations in buildings (seismic properties).

For the manufacture of fire-resistant and insulating materials (thermal and acoustic) such as boards, panels, bricks, blocks, containers, trays, household goods, packaging, furniture, etc., the compound can be manufactured unfinished, as previously explained, or with a finish of gypsum or lime or cement mortar with graphene. Graphene provides the material with greater flexibility, strength, and homogeneity, as well as reducing its thermal conductivity and improving its corrosion resistance. It can also be given the same type of finish as plasterboard (Pladur®, etc.).

- Depending on the circumstances, gypsum and/or lime or cement mortar may be added to the biodegradable compound used as biocement.

All the listed components are mixed to create the described material, which can be applied as biocement in construction for bonding building materials such as bricks, blocks, etc., and/or for covering walls, ceilings, roofs, suspended ceilings, and floors (radiant, floating, laminate, etc.). Alternatively, this material can be dried in chosen molds, creating solid structures such as slabs, panels, bricks, blocks, containers, trays, household goods, packaging, furniture, or receptacles. These can be used in various industrial applications, such as the production of insulating panels for fireproof doors and windows, the manufacture of insulating panels for covering any interior or exterior surface requiring insulating and fireproof materials, furniture making, or even the production of bricks or blocks for use in construction, which can be used in conjunction with the biocement if deemed appropriate.

The material resulting from this invention can also be applied to preserve the stability of building structures or installations against fire, or in any industrial activity where special fire protection is required (IoT, sensors, coatings for all types of motors or flammable objects in any industrial field, and especially in the aeronautical, energy, shipping, aerospace, and automotive sectors). Furthermore, the biodegradable compound of this invention can be used in road construction, as well as in the field of plastic injection molding for the manufacture of bioplastics.

Claims (2)

CLAIMS 1. A biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials with permanent fire resistance, preferably obtained from organic materials of natural origin, characterized in that it serves for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials for industry such as panels, boards, bricks, blocks, containers, trays, household goods, packaging, furniture, etc., and whose base compound is characterized by having the following ingredients: Crushed lignin obtained preferably from common natural products and/or from recycling. Any cereal straw (barley, rye, rice, etc.), and/or sawdust, and/or crushed rice hulls, and/or cattail (Pennisetum setaceum) and/or mud, etc., may be used in a percentage of 38% to 45%. Uncrushed lignin, obtained preferably from common natural products and/or from recycling. Posidonia seagrass and/or any type of aquatic plant or algae and/or musa fiber and/or any fiber of natural origin, and/or hemp fiber, and/or carrot, and/or sugar beet, etc., may be used in a percentage of 11% to 14%. Starch and/or cereal bagasse, preferably obtained from commonly used natural products and/or from recycling. Wheat and/or corn flour, potato, and/or brewer's spent grain, etc., may be used in a percentage of 30% to 42.5%. Magnesium (Mg), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K), preferably obtained from commonly used natural products and/or from recycling. Soy lecithin, and/or soybeans, and/or rice bran, and/or nuts, and/or potatoes, and/or hemp seeds, and/or plantains and/or bananas and/or any fruit produced by the Musaceae family, etc., may be used in a percentage of 5% to 15%. Dextrin, preferably obtained from commonly used natural products and/or from recycling, such as tapioca or potato starch, in a percentage of 30% to 35%. Silica, preferably obtained from commonly used natural products and/or from recycling. Combustion ash from any biomass and/or rice husks, etc., may be used in a percentage of 20% to 25%. Glacial acetic acid, preferably obtained from commonly used products such as natural vinegar, in a percentage of 10% to 15%. Water 30%. Graphene 0.1%. Calcium carbonate, preferably obtained from common natural products and/or recycled materials such as eggshells, may be used at a percentage of 5% to 10%. Protein fibers such as collagen and/or hyaluronic acid, preferably obtained from common natural products and/or recycled materials such as the inner membrane of eggshells, may be used at a percentage of 5% to 10%. Enzymes of plant and/or microbial origin, at a percentage of 10% to 15%. Chitin and/or chitosan, preferably obtained from common natural products and/or recycled materials. The shells of all types of crustaceans and/or insects, etc., may be used at a percentage of 5% to 10%. Plant cuticle, preferably obtained from common natural products or recycled materials. The skin of tomatoes, grapes, pineapples, etc., may be used at a percentage of 5% to 10%. Cork, preferably obtained from recycling, up to a percentage of 12%. Depending on the circumstances, the following elements may be added cumulatively or alternatively to the base compound: Plastic, and/or material from shredded vehicles, and/or recycled rubber powder, up to a maximum of 15%. All percentages are calculated based on the percentage of shredded lignin. 2. Biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials with permanent fire resistance, preferably obtained from organic materials of natural origin according to claim 1, characterized in that said material, when suitably moistened, can be used as biocement. 3. Biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials with permanent fire resistance, preferably obtained from organic materials of natural origin according to claim 1, characterized in that it exhibits permanent fire stability and resistance qualities. 4. Biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fireproof materials with permanent fire resistance obtained preferably from organic materials of natural origin according to claim 1 characterized in that it provides thermal insulation 2.5 times higher than conventional PU, EPS / XPS or rock wool materials, resulting in a thickness 2 times lower. 5. A biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials with permanent fire resistance, preferably obtained from organic materials of natural origin, according to claim 1, characterized by acoustic insulation, measured on 4 cm thick walls, yielding an internal noise level of 62-71 dB and an external noise level of 114-117 dB within the frequency spectrum between 500-10,000 Hz. 6. A biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials with permanent fire resistance, preferably obtained from organic materials of natural origin, according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned insulating and fire-resistant materials have a density between 190 kg/m³ and 310 kg/m³ and a tensile strength of 59 MPa and a flexural strength of 86 MPa. 7. Biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials with permanent fire resistance, preferably obtained from organic materials of natural origin according to claim 1, characterized in that, to obtain the base of the compound, we use crushed lignin, which we preferably obtain from common natural products and/or from recycling, such as any cereal straw, and/or sawdust, and/or crushed rice hulls, and/or cattail (Pennisetum setaceum) and/or mud, etc. 8. Biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials with permanent fire resistance, preferably obtained from organic materials of natural origin according to claim 1, characterized in that we use uncrushed lignin, preferably from common natural products and/or from recycling, such as Posidonia and/or any type of aquatic plant or algae, and/or musa fiber, and/or any other fiber of natural origin, and/or hemp and/or carrot. and/or sugar beet, etc. 9. Biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fireproof materials with permanent fire resistance obtained preferably from organic materials of natural origin according to claim 1 characterized in that to bind the material we use cereal bagasse and/or starch preferably from common natural products and/or from recycling such as wheat flour, and/or corn, and/or potato, etc. 10. A biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials with permanent fire resistance, preferably obtained from organic materials of natural origin according to claim 1, characterized in that magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are added, preferably from commonly used natural products and/or from recycling, such as soy lecithin and/or soybeans and/or rice or wheat bran and/or nuts and/or potatoes and/or hemp seeds and/or bananas and/or any fruit produced by the Musaceae family, etc. 11. A biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials with permanent fire resistance, preferably obtained from organic materials of natural origin according to claim 1, characterized in that dextrin is added, preferably obtained from commonly used natural products and/or from recycling, such as tapioca or potato starch. 12. A biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials with permanent fire resistance, preferably obtained from organic materials of natural origin, according to claim 1, characterized in that the silica is preferably obtained from commonly used natural products and/or from recycling, such as combustion ash from any type of biomass and/or rice husks, etc. 13. A biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of biocement and insulating and fire-resistant materials with permanent fire resistance, preferably obtained from organic materials of natural origin, according to claim 1, characterized in that glacial acetic acid is used, which, if necessary, can be obtained from various commonly used products such as natural vinegar. 14. A biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials with permanent fire resistance, preferably obtained from organic materials of natural origin, according to claim 1, characterized in that graphene is used. 15. A biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials with permanent fire resistance, preferably obtained from organic materials of natural origin, according to claim 1, characterized in that it uses calcium carbonate, preferably obtained from commonly used natural products and/or recycled materials such as eggshells. 16. A biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials with permanent fire resistance, preferably obtained from organic materials of natural origin, according to claim 1, characterized in that it uses protein fibers of the collagen type and/or hyaluronic acid, preferably obtained from commonly used natural products and/or recycled materials such as the inner membrane of eggshells. 17. A biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials with permanent fire resistance, preferably obtained from organic materials of natural origin, according to claim 1, characterized in that it uses enzymes of plant and/or microbial origin. 18. A biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials with permanent fire resistance, preferably obtained from organic materials of natural origin according to claim 1, characterized in that we use chitin and/or chitosan, preferably obtained from commonly used natural products and/or from recycling, such as the shells of all types of crustaceans, insects, etc. 19. A biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials with permanent fire resistance, preferably obtained from organic materials of natural origin according to claim 1, characterized in that we use plant cuticle, preferably obtained from commonly used products and/or from recycling, such as fruits and vegetables. 20. A biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials with permanent fire resistance, preferably obtained from organic materials of natural origin, according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned insulating and fire-resistant materials may have a plaster or lime or cement mortar finish with graphene, and in that the mortar is obtained with the following proportions of water/cement/sand: 0.45/1/1.5 or water/lime/sand: 0.45/1/1.5. 21. A biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials with permanent fire resistance, preferably obtained from organic materials of natural origin, according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned insulating and fire-resistant materials are given the same type of finish as that received by plasterboard (Pladur®, etc.). 22. A biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials with permanent fire resistance, preferably obtained from organic materials of natural origin, according to claim 2, characterized in that, depending on the circumstances, gypsum and/or lime or cement mortar may be added to the biocement. 23. A biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials with permanent fire resistance, preferably obtained from organic materials of natural origin, according to claim 1, characterized in that, for the manufacture of the aforementioned insulating and fire-resistant materials, any shape of solid material can be constructed depending on the mold in which it is dried for industrial application. 24. A biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials and biocement from organic materials of natural origin, according to claim 1, characterized in that 15% recycled rubber powder is added. 25. A biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials and biocement from organic materials of natural origin according to claim 1, characterized in that a maximum of 15% recycled plastic is added. 26. A biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials and biocement from organic materials of natural origin according to claim 1, characterized in that upon contact with fire, the smoke generated is white, indicating that the components are plant-based and that it releases abundant oxygen and is free of CO₂ emissions. 27. A biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials and biocement from organic materials of natural origin according to claim 1, characterized in that cork is used in a percentage of up to 12%. 28. Biodegradable compound used for the manufacture of insulating and fire-resistant materials and biocement from organic materials of natural origin according to claim 1, characterized in that the reactions involved in the biodegradable compound of the invention are the following: 3 NaClO₂ → 2 NaCl + NaClO₂ → NaClO₂ This is a reduction-oxidation (redox) reaction. Thermal decomposition of sodium hypochlorite to produce sodium chlorate and sodium chloride. This reaction takes place at a temperature between 30-50 °C. Neutralization reaction consisting of the transfer of a proton from an acid to a base. R-CH₂OH → 4 H₂O → R-COOH → 3 H₂O This crystallizes with perlite and/or vermiculite. 4 HO- ^ 2 H<2>O O<2>(dissolved or gaseous) NaOCl H<2>O CO<2>^ NaHCOsj HOCl Reaction with graphene: C<2>H<4>O<2>+ NaHCOs ^ NaC<2>HsO<2>+ H<2>O CO<2> Sodium bicarbonate is formed by the reaction with graphene and water. Acetic acid is a solution that contains different types of acids in addition to other components such as sulfates, chlorides, sulfur dioxide, etc. An index of the quality of a vinegar is the so-called total acidity (or acetic degree) which is the total amount of acids that the vinegar contains expressed as grams of acetic acid per 100 ml of vinegar. The total amount of acids can be easily determined by titration with a previously standardized sodium hydroxide solution, calculating the concentration in acetic acid from the balanced acid-base reaction equation: CH3-COOH NaOH ^ CH3COONa H2>O CH3-COOH OH- ^ CH3-COO- H2>O (Ionic form) Reactions with perlite and/or vermiculite: Liquid ^ Ferrite Cementite Ferrite Perlite ^ Austenite Reaction that occurs in mortar: 2 HSiCh ^ Si 2 HCl SiCu Ca(OH)2>+ CO2>^ CaCO3 H2>O Chemically, its main components are dicalcium silicates (Ca2SiO4) and tricalcium aluminate (Ca3AhO6). When water is added to this mixture, a hydration reaction takes place, 2 Ca2SiO4 4 H2>O ^ Ca3Si2O7.3 H<2>O Ca (OH)<2> Reaction with a lime mortar: CaCO3 ^ CaO CO<2> CaO H<2>O ^ Ca (OH)<2> CO<2>atmospheric Ca (OH)<2>CaCO3 H<2>O Reaction with gypsum: CaSO4. 2 H₂O → CaSO₄ / H₂O CaSO₄ / H₂O → CaSO₄ Reaction with plastic: Polyethylene (PE) is chemically the simplest polymer. It is represented by its repeating unit {CH₂-CH₂E}. It is one of the most common plastics. CH₂H₄ + H₂O → CH₃CH₂OH CH₃CH₂OH Mg — CH₃CH₂MgOH Urease reaction: (NH₂)₂CO₂ H₂O — CO₂ + 2NH₃ Combustion reaction of rice husk: (C)husk O₂ — CO₂ (H₂)husk O₂ — 2H₂O Reaction of Mg and H₂O: Mg 2H₂O — Mg(OH)₂ + H₂ Reaction of Br and CH₃CO₂H: CH₃CO₂H Br₂ — BrCH₂CO₂H HBr CH₃CO₂H Br₃ — BrCH₂COH HBr Br(OH)₂ Reaction P and CH<3>CO<2>H: CH<3>CO<2>H P<5>— PCH<2>COH HP P(OH)4 Lignin Reaction: C<9>H<10>O<2>, C<10>H<12>O<3>, C<11>H<14>O<4> An organic polymer present in plant tissues, its presence causes the extraction of water from sugars, creating a chemical reaction that produces aromatic compounds. Chitin Reaction: (CaHl3O5N)n To dissolve it in H₂O, the pH must be less than 6, so acetic acid (CH₃CO₂H) is used under constant stirring. Reaction of B and H₂O: 2B + 3H₂O → B₂O₃ + 3H₂ Reaction of K and H₂O: 2H₂O → 2K₂ + 2KOH + H₂O Reaction of K and CH₃CO₂H: CH₃COOH + KOH → CH₃COOK + H₂O Reaction of K₂CO₃: K₂CO₃ + H₂O → 2KOH + CO₂ CH₃COOH + KOH → CH₃COOK + H₂O Combustion reaction of sawdust: Combustion of wood (sawdust). For this, we will simplify: WOOD (SAWDUST) = CELLULOSE (Fuel = n(C₆H₆O₅)). n(C6HioO5) n 6O<2>^ n 6CO<2>+ n 5H<2>O The combustion process of wood has several stages that occur as the temperature and the presence of oxygen increase. When the fire is lit, at 90-120°C the water evaporates. Between 250-400°C, the cellulose and lignin decompose, producing heat and vaporizing. If the temperature in the stove does not exceed 600°C, these gases do not react (they do not burn), therefore, complete combustion does not occur, significantly reducing efficiency and producing unburned material (soot). If, on the other hand, combustion conditions are achieved with temperatures above 600°C, the gases will react completely with the oxygen, resulting in much more complete combustion. Reaction of Si: SiO₂ + C → SiCO₂ Chemical reaction of Starch Hydrolysis (C₆H₁₀O₅) → Dextrin ((C₆H₁₀O₅)ₙ): C₆H₁₀O₅ + n(C₆H₁₀O₆) → (C₆H₁₀O₅)ₙ